Background: The global prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has reached 55.2 million. AD is characterized by progressive deterioration in cognition and working memory (WM), which are essential for attention, reasoning, and learning. These impairments are associated with pathological changes in cortical and subcortical regions. Binaural beats (BBs), a non-invasive auditory neuromodulation technique, have demonstrated cognitive enhancement effects in healthy individuals; however, their impact on WM in patients with AD remains largely unexplored. Methods: This study investigated the effects of BB stimulation on WM and cognitive function in the temporal lobe of patients with AD using standardized Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA). Twenty-five patients with AD were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 15) that received BB stimulation or a control group (n = 10) that received standard auditory stimulation. EEG recordings were obtained before and after the intervention. Results: Paired t-tests conducted on timeframe and frequency-wise sLORETA images revealed significant increases (p < 0.05) in theta, alpha1, and alpha2 frequency bands in the experimental group. Activated regions included the inferior, middle, superior, and transverse temporal gyri; Brodmann areas (BA) 20, 21, 22, 40, and 42; as well as networks associated with working memory and cognition. Conclusions: These findings suggest that BB stimulation induces temporal lobe activation, thereby enhancing working memory and cognitive function in patients with AD.

Surface electromyography (sEMG) is widely used to assess muscle activity in clinical and research settings. However, while conventional wet electrodes have advanced considerably in recent years, they are often limited by disposability, reduced comfort, and limited reusability. Recent advances in additive manufacturing provide opportunities to fabricate customizable, low-cost dry electrodes using conductive filaments. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and signal performance of in-house-fabricated 3D-printed sEMG electrodes made from three commercially available conductive filaments, (Fili, Filaflex, and Proto-Pasta) differing in base polymer and resistivity, and compared their performance with standard wet electrodes. Surface electrodes were placed over the biceps brachii muscle, and EMG signals were recorded during concentric–eccentric elbow flexion under three loading conditions (3, 5, and 7 kg). Signal quality was assessed using EMG amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and background noise. The results showed no significant differences in SNR or background noise between the 3D-printed electrodes and standard wet electrodes. Among the tested materials, Proto-Pasta electrodes produced the highest mean EMG amplitudes, while Filaflex electrodes showed slightly lower background noise, although these differences were not statistically significant. Overall, the findings indicate that in-house-fabricated 3D-printed electrodes can provide signal quality comparable to conventional wet electrodes, supporting their potential use as low-cost and customizable alternatives for sEMG applications in research and wearable monitoring systems.

Objective. Sensing modalities for cuffless blood pressure (BP) monitoring remain insufficiently characterized. To address this, we used exploratory data analysis (EDA) to evaluate multimodal physiological signals’ associations with reference BP, to gain insight into their BP-related information and characteristics. Approach. Time-synchronized electrocardiogram, photoplethysmography (PPG), and superficial temporal artery tonometry (STAT) signals were collected from 28 sessions across 9 healthy participants during resting and handgrip-induced BP perturbations, referenced against continuous Finapres BP. Pulse transit time (PTT)/PPG intensity ratio (PIR)-derived and STAT-derived BP estimates were evaluated via participant-level Pearson correlation and φ _k coefficients, dynamic-responsiveness/baseline-stability measures, and a phase-resolved (stable vs dynamic) analysis. Main results. PTT/PIR-derived estimates showed weak linear association with reference SBP ( r ≈ 0.37–0.41) and weaker association with diastolic BP (DBP), with nonlinear association ( φ _k ≈ 0.58–0.62 SBP, 0.38–0.57 DBP) exceeding their linear correlation. STAT-derived estimates showed very weak linear correlation but the strongest nonlinear association ( φ _k ≈ 0.68 SBP, 0.71 DBP)—modest for systolic BP but more pronounced for DBP. Phase-resolved analysis confirmed STAT tracked BP more closely during the dynamic (handgrip) phase and PTT/PIR during the stable phase, a genuine, phase-specific pattern rather than a pooling artifact; because Finapres can amplify beat-to-beat amplitude, this should be read relative to that reference, not invasive BP. Significance. These complementary properties motivate a fusion strategy using STAT to track rapid BP changes while PTT/PIR anchors the baseline. More broadly, this EDA-derived understanding can guide more data-efficient, interpretable models—properties clinicians require regardless of data volume. Given the modest, healthy-only sample, findings should be regarded as preliminary.