Electronic nicotine delivery systems first appeared on the market in 2003 and have been promoted as healthier alternatives to conventional tobacco cigarettes. The rapid evolution of technology for these products generated a wide variety of models, and electronic cigarettes have quickly gained worldwide popularity. However, research regarding the effects of both short-term and long-term exposure revealed a wide variety of potential negative effects on human health, and the first system to be affected by these electronic smoking devices is the oral cavity. This review makes an up-to-date extensive presentation of the possible mechanisms that associate electronic cigarette smoking with increased prevalence and progression of oral cancer. Oxidative stress, inflammation response, and DNA damage are the main mechanisms that explain e-cigarettes’ cytotoxicity, but there are still questions to be answered. At present, tens of thousands of e-liquids are available, with distinct compositions, which makes the research even more challenging. Another aspect approached in the present paper is the effect of nicotine on chemotherapy drug resistance. Nicotine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, consecutively inhibiting apoptosis, increasing tumor cells proliferation and survival, and reducing the effects of chemotherapy drugs.

The main objective of this study is to quantify the implications of the complications of periodontal pathology and dental mobility on the pathology of dysfunctional algo syndrome, a clinical entity with profound implications for the patient’s quality of life. Methodology: Clinical and laboratory evaluation was conducted in the 2018–2022 period, on a group of 110 women and 130 men, aged between 20–69, selected from our practice venue, Policlinica Stomatologica nr. 1 Iasi, Clinical Base of Dentistry Education “Mihail Kogalniceanu” Iasi, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi and “Apollonia” University Iasi. Overall, 125 subjects were diagnosed with periodontal disease with complications and TMJ disorders and followed periodontal therapy in the context of oral complex rehabilitation treatments (study group); the results of their clinical evaluation were compared with the results of the evaluation of the control group, made from the other 115 patients). Results: Dental mobility and gingival recession were identified as more frequent in the study sample compared with the control sample, the differences being statistically significant in both cases. In total, 26.7% of patients had different types of TMJ disorders and 22.9% of patients had occlusal changes; the percentages are slightly increased in the study sample compared with the control one, but the recorded differences are not statistically significant. Conclusions: Dental mobility, most of the time, is a negative consequence of periodontal disease, leading to the alteration of the mandibular-cranial relations, materializing in an important proportion as an etiopathogenic factor of the dysfunctional syndrome of the stomatognathic system.

Oral diseases remain highly prevalent worldwide and require early diagnosis and continuous monitoring to improve clinical outcomes. Conventional diagnostic methods are often invasive, time-consuming, and limited in their capacity for real-time assessment, which has driven the development of biosensor technologies for point-of-care applications. Among these, cell-based biosensors utilize living cells as sensing elements capable of responding to inflammatory mediators, bacterial toxins, metabolic products, and tumor-associated biomarkers. This narrative review summarizes the principles, cell types, detection mechanisms, and applications of cell-based biosensors in oral health. The literature was identified through a structured search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords related to cell-based biosensors, oral diagnostics, salivary biomarkers, periodontal disease, oral cancer, and lab-on-chip technologies. Due to the heterogeneity of biosensor designs and detection methods, the selected studies were analyzed qualitatively. Cell-based biosensors have demonstrated applications in periodontal disease detection, cariogenic biofilm monitoring, oral cancer diagnostics, cytotoxicity testing of dental materials, and salivary biomarker analysis. The integration of microfluidic and lab-on-chip systems enables real-time and multiplex detection, supporting the development of chairside diagnostic platforms in dentistry. However, challenges related to standardization, reproducibility, and clinical validation remain and must be addressed to facilitate broader implementation in routine practice

Indirect posterior restorations combining complete occlusal coverage with extension onto an axial surface are described inconsistently, and their biomechanical advantage remains uncertain. This review compared failure load and a review-defined severe-failure category of morphology-defined axial-extension restorations with occlusal-only restorations and full-coverage crowns. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from inception and last checked on 22 July 2026; citation searching supplemented the database searches. Eligible studies tested restorations meeting the morphological definition in extracted human posterior teeth. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and appraised risk of bias using RoBDEMAT with QUIN as a supplementary appraisal. Multiple eligible intervention arms were combined, and shared comparators were counted once. Exploratory random-effects models estimated average effects across heterogeneous laboratory systems using ratios of means (RoMs) and mean differences (MDs) for failure load and risk ratios (RRs) for review-defined severe failure. Eight studies were included. Five independent studies contributed to the main comparison, restricted to single-surface axial-extension versus occlusal-only restorations. Failure-load estimates were inconclusive (RoM 0.98, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.09; MD −23 N, 95% CI −195 to 149). Severe-failure events were sparse and inconsistently defined across the source studies; exact counts were therefore primary, and the pooled RR was exploratory (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.86). Three studies compared axial-extension restorations with crowns, but these heterogeneous comparisons were not pooled and remained inconclusive. Current in vitro evidence is insufficient to determine whether the evaluated axial-extension designs affect failure load or the occurrence of review-defined severe failure. Imprecision, methodological heterogeneity, and indirectness for clinical performance preclude claims of clinical superiority. A routine strength benefit of the evaluated axial-extension designs cannot be inferred. Standardized preparation definitions, testing protocols, and failure reporting are required. Registration: OSF, DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/9PXE5 (retrospective).