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Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. commonly known as sweet potato, is an important staple food worldwide, mainly due to its high nutritional value and yield. However, vegetative reproduction of sweet potato makes it more susceptible to viral infections, which threatens its productivity, quality, and difficult long-term preservation in germplasm banks. Also, it can act as a virus reservoir infecting the rest of the plant accessions in the bank collections. Hence, this work aimed to screen Begomovirus, Potyvirus, and Carlavirus infections in 16 traditional sweet potato cultivars from the germplasm collection of the ISOPlexis Germplasm Bank, Madeira, Portugal. The infection prevalence by these viruses among cultivars was 81.25%, 25.00%, and 6.25%, respectively; being ISOP1011 the only accession coinfected by Potyvirus and Carlavirus. The accessions ISOP1006, ISOP1010, and ISOP1047 were also coinfected by Begomovirus and Potyvirus, highlighting their vulnerability to viral infections. The ISOP1005 and ISOP1027 accessions were the only ones not infected by any of these viruses. The analysis of the partial sequence obtained from the Carlavirus detected in the accession ISOP1011, revealed the existence of an ORF that encodes for 93 amino acids of the catalytic domain of an RNA-directed RNA polymerase related to the Tymovirus protein family, as could be confirmed by comparison with proteins stored in UniProtKB. Multiple sequence alignment with these proteins showed that Motifs A and B of the catalytic domain were conserved. The search for sequence similarity with sequences deposited in GenBank reported a high sequence identity with Sweet potato yellow mottle virus (SPYMV) and Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV). However, the 9-11% discrepancy in nucleotide sequence identity and a phylogenetic analysis carried out using the maximum probability method suggests the virus isolated from ISOP1011 is a new divergent strain of the SPCFV species.
Carlos G. Andrade; Emanuel M. Da Silva; Carla Ragonezi; Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro DE Carvalho. Viral diagnosis in cultivars of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 2021, 49, 12222 -12222.
AMA StyleCarlos G. Andrade, Emanuel M. Da Silva, Carla Ragonezi, Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro DE Carvalho. Viral diagnosis in cultivars of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2021; 49 (1):12222-12222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos G. Andrade; Emanuel M. Da Silva; Carla Ragonezi; Miguel Â. A. Pinheiro DE Carvalho. 2021. "Viral diagnosis in cultivars of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 1: 12222-12222.
Overexploitation of resources makes the reutilization of waste a focal topic of modern society, and the question of the kind of wastes that can be used is continuously raised. Sewage sludge (SS) is derived from the wastewater treatment plants, considered important underused biomass, and can be used as a biofertilizer when properly stabilized due to the high content of inorganic matter, nitrate, and phosphorus. However, a wide range of pollutants can be present in these biosolids, limiting or prohibiting their use as biofertilizer, depending on the type and origin of industrial waste and household products. Long-term applications of these biosolids could substantially increase the concentration of contaminants, causing detrimental effects on the environment and induce hyperaccumulation or phytotoxicity in the produced crops. In this work, some critical parameters for soils and SS agronomic use, such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK), and heavy metals concentration have been reviewed. Several cases of food crop production and the accumulation of heavy metals after SS application are also discussed. SS production, usage, and legislation in EU are assessed to determine the possibility of sustainable management of this bioresource. Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines are addressed. The opportunity to produce bioenergy crops, employing sewage sludge to enhance degraded land, is also considered, due to energy security. Although there are numerous advantages of sewage sludge, proper screening for heavy metals in all the variants (biosolids, soil, food products) is a must. SS application requires appropriate strict guidelines with appropriate regulatory oversight to control contamination of agricultural soils.
Nuno Nunes; Carla Ragonezi; Carla Gouveia; Miguel Pinheiro de Carvalho. Review of Sewage Sludge as a Soil Amendment in Relation to Current International Guidelines: A Heavy Metal Perspective. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2317 .
AMA StyleNuno Nunes, Carla Ragonezi, Carla Gouveia, Miguel Pinheiro de Carvalho. Review of Sewage Sludge as a Soil Amendment in Relation to Current International Guidelines: A Heavy Metal Perspective. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuno Nunes; Carla Ragonezi; Carla Gouveia; Miguel Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2021. "Review of Sewage Sludge as a Soil Amendment in Relation to Current International Guidelines: A Heavy Metal Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2317.
Twenty-two native Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) occur in specific dry environments of Madeira Archipelago, like Desembarcadouro islet in Ponta de São Lourenço and Chão islet in Desertas Islands. Nine of them share the same gene pool with crop species included in Annex I of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Amongst them, Beta patula Aiton, an IUCN Critically Endangered species, has been studied in detail for in situ and ex situ conservation. The present paper summarises the information recorded during the Beta patula population assessment. Valuable information on plant communities associated with this species was obtained. The data provides information of a vegetation census spanning 7 years, from 2014 to 2020, in two uninhabited islets where Beta patula occurs, Desembarcadouro and Chão islets. The collected dataset consists of 1,786 vegetation descriptions, where 31 species were recorded. All generated data have been published and will be used towards the implementation of conservation actions and to establish a middle term management protocol for Beta patula and other CWR in situ conservation in the framework of a genetic reserve. This work is part of a EU LIFE Project, LIFE RECOVER NATURA and was conducted by members of the ISOPlexis Center, University of Madeira.
Humberto Nóbrega; Gregório Freitas; M. A. Zavattieri; Carla Ragonezi; Miguel Pinheiro de Carvalho. Structure and floristic composition associated with an endangered species Beta patula Aiton (Amaranthaceae) in the Islands of Madeira Archipelago. Biodiversity Data Journal 2021, 9, e61091 .
AMA StyleHumberto Nóbrega, Gregório Freitas, M. A. Zavattieri, Carla Ragonezi, Miguel Pinheiro de Carvalho. Structure and floristic composition associated with an endangered species Beta patula Aiton (Amaranthaceae) in the Islands of Madeira Archipelago. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2021; 9 ():e61091.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHumberto Nóbrega; Gregório Freitas; M. A. Zavattieri; Carla Ragonezi; Miguel Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2021. "Structure and floristic composition associated with an endangered species Beta patula Aiton (Amaranthaceae) in the Islands of Madeira Archipelago." Biodiversity Data Journal 9, no. : e61091.
Madeira Archipelago is a hotspot for crop wild relatives (CWR) of crop cultures. Some of these CWR are present in very specific environments, such as, in Ponta de São Lourenço or Desertas Islands. One such species is Beta patula Aiton, a Critically Endangered species which belongs to the Gene Pool 1b of cultivated beets. A continuous effort has been developed for its ex situ conservation through the storage of accessions (ISOP2512 and ISOP1911) in the ISOPlexis GeneBank at the University of Madeira. Simultaneously, a series of studies have been carried out to understand the species’ ecogeographic and ecological requirements, to validate populations’ boundaries and sizes, and to establish population dynamics. This study includes a complete floristic survey at the B. patula locations of, Desembarcadouro islet (DI) with 12 (DI1–DI12) sampling sites, and Chão islet (CI) with 3 (CI1–CI3). Several Biodiversity indices were calculated for these locations. Plot DI3 exhibited the highest values for Corrected Evenness (E′ = 0.77 ± 0.07), Shannon–Weaver Diversity Index (H′ = 2.48 ± 0.12), and Hill’s Index (N2 = 4.47 ± 0.72), with a total sum of 306 individuals of B. patula. The demographic status of B. patula populations in DI and CI was determined yearly between 2014 and 2018. The results show an average population size of 16,906 and 2917 plants, respectively. These data will be used for the establishment of a protocol to monitor and manage a genetic reserve for B. patula and other CWR. By doing so, our work will contribute to the implementation of the European genetic reserve network.
H. Nóbrega; G. Freitas; M. A. Zavattieri; C. Ragonezi; L. Frese; M. A. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Monitoring system and in situ conservation of endemic and threatened Beta patula Aiton populations in Madeira Region. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 2020, 68, 939 -956.
AMA StyleH. Nóbrega, G. Freitas, M. A. Zavattieri, C. Ragonezi, L. Frese, M. A. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Monitoring system and in situ conservation of endemic and threatened Beta patula Aiton populations in Madeira Region. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2020; 68 (3):939-956.
Chicago/Turabian StyleH. Nóbrega; G. Freitas; M. A. Zavattieri; C. Ragonezi; L. Frese; M. A. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2020. "Monitoring system and in situ conservation of endemic and threatened Beta patula Aiton populations in Madeira Region." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 68, no. 3: 939-956.
A cultura da vinha possuiu uma elevada importância na produção de vinhos de qualidade na Ilha da Madeira. No entanto para que a produção da cultura venha a produzir de maneira mais satisfatória é extremamente necessário o conhecimento dos locais mais propícios para o desenvolvimento da cultura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar um Zoneamento Agroclimático para a cultura da videira na Ilha da Madeira, visando fornecer dados para a tomada de decisão de produtores e técnicos na seleção de novos locais para implementação da cultura. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de 11 estações meteorológicas convencionais localizadas em toda a Ilha da Madeira com períodos de observação de 1961 a 1990. A obtenção do deficit hídrico foi obtida por meio do balanço hídrico proposto por Thornthwaite & Mather. Para o cultivo da videira na Ilha da Madeira, todo litoral Sul da Ilha, assim como boa parte do Norte, são áreas propicias para o desenvolvimento da cultura; no entanto no litoral sul, irrigação complementar é necessária para satisfazer as necessidades hídricas da cultura. Já no litoral Norte é necessário ter alguns cuidados com possível aparecimento de doenças fúngicas, devido aos grandes volumes de precipitação presentes na área.
Fabrício Lopes de Macedo; Carla Ragonezi; Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro De Carvalho. ZONEAMENTO AGROCLIMÁTICO DA CULTURA DA VIDEIRA PARA A ILHA DA MADEIRA – PORTUGAL. Caminhos de Geografia 2020, 21, 296–306 -296–306.
AMA StyleFabrício Lopes de Macedo, Carla Ragonezi, Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro De Carvalho. ZONEAMENTO AGROCLIMÁTICO DA CULTURA DA VIDEIRA PARA A ILHA DA MADEIRA – PORTUGAL. Caminhos de Geografia. 2020; 21 (73):296–306-296–306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabrício Lopes de Macedo; Carla Ragonezi; Miguel Ângelo Almeida Pinheiro De Carvalho. 2020. "ZONEAMENTO AGROCLIMÁTICO DA CULTURA DA VIDEIRA PARA A ILHA DA MADEIRA – PORTUGAL." Caminhos de Geografia 21, no. 73: 296–306-296–306.
Tropical peatlands are important ecosystems for Planet Earth, as they store large amounts of carbon and water. A better understanding of the impact of vegetation type and altitude in content, composition, and rate of accumulation of organic matter is key for assessing the current role of such environments. This study evaluated fibric and soluble fractions as well as the lignocellulosic and the isotopic compositions of the peat organic matter from four tropical mountain peatlands located at different altitudes of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The peatlands are currently under grasslands and forest clusters. Samples of peat under both vegetation types were collected and analyzed for organic matter fractions, cellulose, and lignin (van Soest method), as well as carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Different depths were chosen for radiocarbon dating of selected samples. The organic matter of peatlands currently under grasslands and forest clusters presented differences in soluble fractions, lignocellulosic composition, and δ13C values. Multivariate analyses allowed grouping the peatlands by altitude and vegetation type. The chronological succession of grassland and forest clusters in tropical mountain peatlands was influenced by altitude and was related to paleoclimatic changes.
Alexandre Christófaro Silva; Maurício Soares Barbosa; Uidemar Morais Barral; Bárbara Pereira Christófaro Silva; José Sebastião Cunha Fernandes; Abraão José Silva Viana; Carlos Victor Mendonça Filho; Diêgo Faustolo Alves Bispo; Cristiano Christófaro; Carla Ragonezi; Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme. Organic matter composition and paleoclimatic changes in tropical mountain peatlands currently under grasslands and forest clusters. CATENA 2019, 180, 69 -82.
AMA StyleAlexandre Christófaro Silva, Maurício Soares Barbosa, Uidemar Morais Barral, Bárbara Pereira Christófaro Silva, José Sebastião Cunha Fernandes, Abraão José Silva Viana, Carlos Victor Mendonça Filho, Diêgo Faustolo Alves Bispo, Cristiano Christófaro, Carla Ragonezi, Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme. Organic matter composition and paleoclimatic changes in tropical mountain peatlands currently under grasslands and forest clusters. CATENA. 2019; 180 ():69-82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandre Christófaro Silva; Maurício Soares Barbosa; Uidemar Morais Barral; Bárbara Pereira Christófaro Silva; José Sebastião Cunha Fernandes; Abraão José Silva Viana; Carlos Victor Mendonça Filho; Diêgo Faustolo Alves Bispo; Cristiano Christófaro; Carla Ragonezi; Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme. 2019. "Organic matter composition and paleoclimatic changes in tropical mountain peatlands currently under grasslands and forest clusters." CATENA 180, no. : 69-82.
Sónia Ferraz; Carla Ragonezi; Nuno Nunes; Sofia Valente; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Different Seaweeds Use for Iodine Deficiency Overcome. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 2019, 15, 001 -003.
AMA StyleSónia Ferraz, Carla Ragonezi, Nuno Nunes, Sofia Valente, Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. Different Seaweeds Use for Iodine Deficiency Overcome. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research. 2019; 15 (3):001-003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSónia Ferraz; Carla Ragonezi; Nuno Nunes; Sofia Valente; Miguel Angelo A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. 2019. "Different Seaweeds Use for Iodine Deficiency Overcome." Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 15, no. 3: 001-003.
An in vitro plant microshoot culture system composed of two phases; a liquid phase overlaid by a floating solid phase, which is described in detail herein. This system is designed to enable the extraction of natural compounds released/disseminated into the liquid phase during root growth, thus facilitating their processing and biochemical characterization. The solid phase holds the plant afloat and enables the simultaneous culture of a microorganism, yet avoiding its penetration into the liquid phase, where the roots are submerged. Both phases can be independently formulated as required for growth optimization of both organisms. Considering the closed system and known variables described in this patent, applications of the described method include testing with pesticides, herbicides, and other similar products.
Mário Rui Da Costa Basílio E Castro; Carla Ragonezi; Paulo Guilherme Leandro De Oliveira; Maria Amely Zavattieri. A Novelty System for Biotization of Plant Microshoots and Collection of Natural Compounds. Methods and Protocols 2019, 2, 5 .
AMA StyleMário Rui Da Costa Basílio E Castro, Carla Ragonezi, Paulo Guilherme Leandro De Oliveira, Maria Amely Zavattieri. A Novelty System for Biotization of Plant Microshoots and Collection of Natural Compounds. Methods and Protocols. 2019; 2 (1):5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMário Rui Da Costa Basílio E Castro; Carla Ragonezi; Paulo Guilherme Leandro De Oliveira; Maria Amely Zavattieri. 2019. "A Novelty System for Biotization of Plant Microshoots and Collection of Natural Compounds." Methods and Protocols 2, no. 1: 5.
Several studies have shown the potential of using Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in conifer micropropagation to overcome the cessation of adventitious root development. In vitro inoculation promotes the re-growth of the root system induced previously by auxin treatments, facilitating acclimation and diminishing the losses of plants because of a weak root system that is incapable of water and nutrient absorption. During a series of mycorrhization experiments, cryostat and ultrafine cuts were used to study the morpho-histological transformation of the symbiotic roots. To obtain cryostat cuts from pine roots a method frequently used for animal tissue was adopted. Molecular methods allowed fungi identification in all the mycorrhization phases and in the acclimation of derived plants. Mycorrhizal-like-structures derived from in vitro culture and axenic liquid cultures of roots were microscopically analyzed and compare with mycorrhizal roots.
Carla Ragonezi; Maria Amely Zavattieri. Histological Studies of Mycorrhized Roots and Mycorrhizal-Like-Structures in Pine Roots. Methods and Protocols 2018, 1, 34 .
AMA StyleCarla Ragonezi, Maria Amely Zavattieri. Histological Studies of Mycorrhized Roots and Mycorrhizal-Like-Structures in Pine Roots. Methods and Protocols. 2018; 1 (3):34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Ragonezi; Maria Amely Zavattieri. 2018. "Histological Studies of Mycorrhized Roots and Mycorrhizal-Like-Structures in Pine Roots." Methods and Protocols 1, no. 3: 34.
Laser microdissection provides a useful method for isolating specific cell types from complex biological samples for downstream applications. In contrast to the texture of mammalian cells, most plant tissues exhibit a cell organization with hard, cellulose-containing cell walls, large vacuoles, and air spaces, thus complicating tissue preparation and extraction of macromolecules such as DNA. In this study, we report a method that allows tissue-specific gene amplification. An improved perception of genetic identity of the entire plant can contribute to improved functional marker strategies. Alternative oxidase (AOX) has crucial position for stress-induced responses/adaptation. Daucus carota sequence polymorphisms in AOX were identified, however, never at tissue/cell level. This technology will support studying AOX gene sequences in carrot organs/tissues/cells and specifically exploring differential polymorphisms in root meristem that might be associated to adaptive growth upon all kind of stresses. Details on aspects of tissue preparation, including fixation and embedding procedures, laser capture microdissection, DNA extraction, and amplification, are provided. A combination of laser microdissection and polymerase chain reaction amplification provides a powerful tool for the analysis of AOX gene amplification in methacarn-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
Carla Ragonezi; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. Laser Capture Microdissection for Amplification of Alternative Oxidase (AOX) Genes in Target Tissues in Daucus carota L. Advanced Structural Safety Studies 2017, 1670, 245 -252.
AMA StyleCarla Ragonezi, Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. Laser Capture Microdissection for Amplification of Alternative Oxidase (AOX) Genes in Target Tissues in Daucus carota L. Advanced Structural Safety Studies. 2017; 1670 ():245-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Ragonezi; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. 2017. "Laser Capture Microdissection for Amplification of Alternative Oxidase (AOX) Genes in Target Tissues in Daucus carota L." Advanced Structural Safety Studies 1670, no. : 245-252.
T. Nobre; C. Ragonezi; B. Arnholdt-Schmitt. Unravelling wild carrot differentiation in Europe – preliminary data on a candidate gene approach. Acta Horticulturae 2017, 279 -286.
AMA StyleT. Nobre, C. Ragonezi, B. Arnholdt-Schmitt. Unravelling wild carrot differentiation in Europe – preliminary data on a candidate gene approach. Acta Horticulturae. 2017; (1153):279-286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Nobre; C. Ragonezi; B. Arnholdt-Schmitt. 2017. "Unravelling wild carrot differentiation in Europe – preliminary data on a candidate gene approach." Acta Horticulturae , no. 1153: 279-286.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vegetation on soil microbial activity during spontaneous restoration and the effect of remaining eucalypts on the restoration stage of reserve ranges installed in eucalypt plantations. The studied areas were in the following stages: initial restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts; advanced restoration stage with and without remaining eucalypts. Areas of Cerrado, native forest and commercial eucalypt plantation (Eucalypts) were evaluated for reference. Principal component analysis detected the following groups: 1- Cerrado and areas in initial restoration stage with or without eucalypts and areas in advanced restoration stage without eucalypts; 2- areas in advanced restoration stage with eucalypts; 3- native forest; 4- Eucalypts. The restoration areas are at intermediate stage of recovery, slightly superior to the advanced stage. Basal respiration, organic and microbial soil carbon and microbial and metabolic quotients were more similar to those observed in Cerrado than in eucalypt cultivation areas and little influence of the remaining eucalypts plants was observed. Keywords: reclamation degraded areas; evaluation of soil quality; revegetation
Danielle Grazziotti; Carla Ragonezi; Alexandre Silva; Israel Pereira. Microbiological Attributes of Soil Under Spontaneous Restoration. Floresta e Ambiente 2017, 24, 1 .
AMA StyleDanielle Grazziotti, Carla Ragonezi, Alexandre Silva, Israel Pereira. Microbiological Attributes of Soil Under Spontaneous Restoration. Floresta e Ambiente. 2017; 24 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanielle Grazziotti; Carla Ragonezi; Alexandre Silva; Israel Pereira. 2017. "Microbiological Attributes of Soil Under Spontaneous Restoration." Floresta e Ambiente 24, no. : 1.
Alternative oxidase (AOX) protein is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is encoded in the nuclear genome being involved in plant response upon diversity of environmental stresses and also in normal plant growth and development. Here we report the characterization of the AOX gene family of Hypericum perforatum L. Two AOX genes were identified, both with a structure of four exons (HpAOX1, acc. KU674355 and HpAOX2, acc. KU674356). High variability was found at the N-terminal region of the protein coincident with the high variability identified at the mitochondrial transit peptide. In silico analysis of regulatory elements located at intronic regions identified putative sequences coding for miRNA precursors and trace elements of a transposon. Simple sequence repeats were also identified. Additionally, the mRNA levels for the HpAOX1 and HpAOX2, along with the ones for the HpGAPA and the HpCAT1, were evaluated during the post-germinative development. The gene expression analysis was performed by RT-qPCR with accurate data normalization, pointing out HpHYP1 and HpH2A as the most suitable RGs according to GeNorm algorithm. The HpAOX2 transcript demonstrated larger stability during the process with a slight down-regulation in its expression. Contrarily, HpAOX1 and HpGAPA (the corresponding protein is homolog to the chloroplast isoform involved in the photosynthetic carbon assimilation in other species) transcripts showed a marked increase, with a similar expression pattern between them, during the post-germinative development. On the other hand, the HpCAT1 (the corresponding protein is homolog to the major H2O2-scavenging enzyme in other species) transcripts showed an opposite behavior with a down-regulation during the process. In summary, our findings, although preliminary, highlight the importance to investigate in more detail the participation of AOX genes during the post-germinative development in Hypericum, in order to explore their functional role in optimizing photosynthesis and in the control of ROS levels during the process.
Isabel Velada; Hélia G. Cardoso; Carla Ragonezi; Amaia Nogales; Alexandre Ferreira; Vera Valadas; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. Alternative Oxidase Gene Family in Hypericum perforatum L.: Characterization and Expression at the Post-germinative Phase. Frontiers in Plant Science 2016, 7, 1043 .
AMA StyleIsabel Velada, Hélia G. Cardoso, Carla Ragonezi, Amaia Nogales, Alexandre Ferreira, Vera Valadas, Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. Alternative Oxidase Gene Family in Hypericum perforatum L.: Characterization and Expression at the Post-germinative Phase. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2016; 7 ():1043.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Velada; Hélia G. Cardoso; Carla Ragonezi; Amaia Nogales; Alexandre Ferreira; Vera Valadas; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. 2016. "Alternative Oxidase Gene Family in Hypericum perforatum L.: Characterization and Expression at the Post-germinative Phase." Frontiers in Plant Science 7, no. : 1043.
Vegetative propagation of superior conifer trees can be achieved, e.g., through rooted cuttings or rooted microshoots, the latter predominantly through in vitro tissue culture. Both techniques are used to achieve rapid multiplication of trees with favorable genetic combinations and to capture a large proportion of the genetic diversity in a single generation cycle. However, adventitious rooting of shoots (cuttings) is often not efficient due to various problems, such as scarcity of roots and cessation of their growth, both of which limit the application of vegetative propagation in some conifer species. Many factors are involved in the adventitious rooting of shoots, including physical and chemical ones, such as plant growth regulators, carbohydrates, light quality, temperature and rooting substrates, or media [reviewed by Ragonezi et al. (Trees 24(6):975–992, 2010)]. The focus of this review is on biological factors, such as inoculations with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria and other endophytes, and mycorrhizal fungi, which were found to stimulate adventitious rooting. These microorganisms could contribute not only to adventitious root development but also to help in protecting conifer plants against pathogenic microorganisms, facilitate acclimation and transplanting, and contribute to more sustainable, chemical-free forests.
Maria Amely Zavattieri; Carla Ragonezi; Krystyna Klimaszewska. Adventitious rooting of conifers: influence of biological factors. Trees 2016, 30, 1021 -1032.
AMA StyleMaria Amely Zavattieri, Carla Ragonezi, Krystyna Klimaszewska. Adventitious rooting of conifers: influence of biological factors. Trees. 2016; 30 (4):1021-1032.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Amely Zavattieri; Carla Ragonezi; Krystyna Klimaszewska. 2016. "Adventitious rooting of conifers: influence of biological factors." Trees 30, no. 4: 1021-1032.
Syngonanthus elegans is an endangered plant species occurring in the Brazilian Cerrado whose interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is poorly understood. The aim of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of AMF species and mycorrhizal colonization of S. elegans in two sampling areas named "Soberbo" stream (Soberbo) and "Parque Nacional das Sempre-Vivas" (Park), both found in Diamantina-MG, Brazil. In each area, one plot (100 x 100 m) was established, and roots and soil samples near the roots were collected from 10 plants in each plot. Further sampling included three specimens each of Loudetiopsis chrysothrix and Xyris sp.. Typical mycorrhizal colonization structures were observed in S. elegans roots, and colonization was measured at 75%. Considering both sites and all three hosts, 26 AMF species were recovered, 8 of which were identified only at the genus level. Glomus sp. 1, Scutellospora pernambucana, Acaulospora cavernata and Acaulospora mellea were classified as dominant in both areas. Other species were also considered dominant, including Glomus sp. 4 in Soberbo and Dentiscutata biornata and Gigaspora albida in Park. Trap cultures revealed the presence of seven additional species. For S. elegans, AMF species richness was slightly higher in Park than in Soberbo. Simpson diversity and evenness were slightly higher in Soberbo for S. elegans-associated AMF communities. Overall, S. elegans is highly colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and is associated with a wide range of AMF species in the field, suggesting that this association is important for the establishment and survival of this threatened species. Some of the observed species may be new to science.
Hesmael Antonio Orlandi Costa; Sidney Luiz Stürmer; Carla Ragonezi; Paulo Henrique Grazziotti; Danielle Cristina Fonseca Santos Grazziotti; Enilson De Barros Silva. Species richness and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Syngonanthus elegans, an endemic and threatened species from the Cerrado domain in Brazil. Ciência e Agrotecnologia 2016, 40, 326 -336.
AMA StyleHesmael Antonio Orlandi Costa, Sidney Luiz Stürmer, Carla Ragonezi, Paulo Henrique Grazziotti, Danielle Cristina Fonseca Santos Grazziotti, Enilson De Barros Silva. Species richness and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Syngonanthus elegans, an endemic and threatened species from the Cerrado domain in Brazil. Ciência e Agrotecnologia. 2016; 40 (3):326-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHesmael Antonio Orlandi Costa; Sidney Luiz Stürmer; Carla Ragonezi; Paulo Henrique Grazziotti; Danielle Cristina Fonseca Santos Grazziotti; Enilson De Barros Silva. 2016. "Species richness and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Syngonanthus elegans, an endemic and threatened species from the Cerrado domain in Brazil." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 40, no. 3: 326-336.
This review highlights a four-step rational for the hypothesis that mitochondria play an upstream central role for stress-induced somatic embryogenesis (SE): (1) Initiation of SE is linked to programmed cell death (PCD) (2) Mitochondria are crucially connected to cell death (3) SE is challenged by stress per se (4) Mitochondria are centrally linked to plant stress response and its management. Additionally the review provides a rough perspective for the use of mitochondrial-derived functional marker (FM) candidates to improve SE efficiency. It is proposed to apply SE systems as phenotyping tool for identifying superior genotypes with high general plasticity under severe plant stress conditions.
Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt; Carla Ragonezi; Hélia Cardoso. Do Mitochondria Play a Central Role in Stress-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis? Advanced Structural Safety Studies 2016, 1359, 87 -100.
AMA StyleBirgit Arnholdt-Schmitt, Carla Ragonezi, Hélia Cardoso. Do Mitochondria Play a Central Role in Stress-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis? Advanced Structural Safety Studies. 2016; 1359 ():87-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBirgit Arnholdt-Schmitt; Carla Ragonezi; Hélia Cardoso. 2016. "Do Mitochondria Play a Central Role in Stress-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis?" Advanced Structural Safety Studies 1359, no. : 87-100.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) may improve the adaptation of eucalypts saplings to field conditions and allow more efficient fertilizer use. The effectiveness of EMF inoculum application in promoting fungal colonization, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and the quality of rooted cuttings was evaluated for Eucalyptus urophylla under commercial nursery conditions. For inoculated treatments, fertilization of the sapling substrate was reduced by 50 %. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement, wherein the factors were inoculum application rates of 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 gel beads of calcium alginate containing the vegetative mycelium of Amanita muscaria , Elaphomyces antracinus , Pisolithus microcarpus , and Scleroderma areolatum , plus a non-inoculated treatment without fertilization reduction in the substrate (commercial). Ectomycorrhizal fungi increased plant growth and fungal colonization as well as N and K uptake evenly. The best plant growth and fungal colonization were observed for the highest application rate. The greatest growth and fungal colonization and contents of P, N, and K were observed at the 10-bead rate. Plant inoculation with Amanita muscaria , Elaphomyces anthracinus , and Scleroderma areolatum increased P concentrations and contents in a differential manner. The Dickson Quality Index was not affected by the type of fungi or by inoculum application rates. Eucalypt rooted cuttings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi and under half the amount of commercial fertilization had P, N, and K concentrations and contents greater than or equal to those of commercial plants and have high enough quality to be transplanted after 90 days. Key words: symbiosis; plant nutrition; cuttings production; phosphorus; nitrogen; potassium
Andrezza Mara Martins Gandini; Danielle Grazziotti; Márcio José Rossi; Enilson De Barros Silva; Carla Ragonezi. Growth and Nutrition of Eucalypt Rooted Cuttings Promoted by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Commercial Nurseries. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 2015, 39, 1554 -1565.
AMA StyleAndrezza Mara Martins Gandini, Danielle Grazziotti, Márcio José Rossi, Enilson De Barros Silva, Carla Ragonezi. Growth and Nutrition of Eucalypt Rooted Cuttings Promoted by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Commercial Nurseries. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. 2015; 39 (6):1554-1565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrezza Mara Martins Gandini; Danielle Grazziotti; Márcio José Rossi; Enilson De Barros Silva; Carla Ragonezi. 2015. "Growth and Nutrition of Eucalypt Rooted Cuttings Promoted by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Commercial Nurseries." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 6: 1554-1565.
Molecular plant breeding usually overlooks the genetic variability that arises from the association of plants with endophytic microorganisms, when looking at agronomic interesting target traits. This source of variability can have crucial effects on the functionality of the organism considered as a whole (the holobiont), and therefore can be selectable in breeding programs. However, seeing the holobiont as a unit for selection and improvement in breeding programs requires novel approaches for genotyping and phenotyping. These should not focus just at the plant level, but also include the associated endophytes and their functional effects on the plant, to make effective desirable trait screenings. The present review intends to draw attention to a new research field on functional hologenomics that if associated with adequate phenotyping tools could greatly increase the efficiency of breeding programs.
Amaia Nogales; Tania Nobre; Vera Valadas; Carla Ragonezi; Matthias Döring; Alexios Polidoros; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. Can functional hologenomics aid tackling current challenges in plant breeding? Briefings in Functional Genomics 2015, 15, 288 -297.
AMA StyleAmaia Nogales, Tania Nobre, Vera Valadas, Carla Ragonezi, Matthias Döring, Alexios Polidoros, Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. Can functional hologenomics aid tackling current challenges in plant breeding? Briefings in Functional Genomics. 2015; 15 (4):288-297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmaia Nogales; Tania Nobre; Vera Valadas; Carla Ragonezi; Matthias Döring; Alexios Polidoros; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. 2015. "Can functional hologenomics aid tackling current challenges in plant breeding?" Briefings in Functional Genomics 15, no. 4: 288-297.
The development of new ‘deep phenotyping’ techniques for functional markers (FM) development on alternative oxisase (AOX) gene sequences are expected to greatly increase the efficiency of association studies between the candidate FM sequences and the desired phenotype. However, it is critical to perform these studies in the appropriate target tissue/cell at the correct time point. AOX genes, due to their diversity and with differential methylation marks, are likely also subjected to such interplay between sequence and regulatory mechanisms. Polymorphisms in coding sequences may directly affect protein function, but expression regulatory switches are more abundant in non‐coding regions. Transgenic technology continues to contribute to crop improvement programme, if efforts are directed more towards FM‐assisted plant breeding. Hence, AOX can be put into best use if a dual approach involving genetic transformation and conventional plant breeding go hand in hand.
Amaia Nogales; Carlos Noceda; Carla Ragonezi; Hélia G. Cardoso; Maria Doroteia Campos; António Miguel Frederico; Debabrata Sircar; Sarma Rajeev Kumar; Alexios Polidoros; Augusto Peixe; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. Functional marker development fromAOXgenes requires deep phenotyping and individualized diagnosis. Alternative respiratory pathways in higher plants 2015, 273 -280.
AMA StyleAmaia Nogales, Carlos Noceda, Carla Ragonezi, Hélia G. Cardoso, Maria Doroteia Campos, António Miguel Frederico, Debabrata Sircar, Sarma Rajeev Kumar, Alexios Polidoros, Augusto Peixe, Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. Functional marker development fromAOXgenes requires deep phenotyping and individualized diagnosis. Alternative respiratory pathways in higher plants. 2015; ():273-280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmaia Nogales; Carlos Noceda; Carla Ragonezi; Hélia G. Cardoso; Maria Doroteia Campos; António Miguel Frederico; Debabrata Sircar; Sarma Rajeev Kumar; Alexios Polidoros; Augusto Peixe; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt. 2015. "Functional marker development fromAOXgenes requires deep phenotyping and individualized diagnosis." Alternative respiratory pathways in higher plants , no. : 273-280.
Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a widely used technique for gene expression analysis. The reliability of this method depends largely on the suitable selection of stable reference genes for accurate data normalization. Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) is a field growing plant that is frequently exposed to a variety of adverse environmental stresses that can negatively affect its productivity. This widely known medicinal plant with broad pharmacological properties (anti-depressant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antibacterial) has been overlooked with respect to the identification of reference genes suitable for RT-qPCR data normalization. In this study, 11 candidate reference genes were analyzed in H. perforatum plants subjected to cold and heat stresses. The expression stability of these genes was assessed using GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper algorithms. The results revealed that the ranking of stability among the three algorithms showed only minor differences within each treatment. The best-ranked reference genes differed between cold- and heat-treated samples; nevertheless, TUB was the most stable gene in both experimental conditions. GSA and GAPDH were found to be reliable reference genes in cold-treated samples, while GAPDH showed low expression stability in heat-treated samples. 26SrRNA and H2A had the highest stabilities in the heat assay, whereas H2A was less stable in the cold assay. Finally, AOX1, AOX2, CAT1 and CHS genes, associated with plant stress responses and oxidative stress, were used as target genes to validate the reliability of identified reference genes. These target genes showed differential expression profiles over time in treated samples. This study not only is the first systematic analysis for the selection of suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR studies in H. perforatum subjected to temperature stress conditions, but may also provide valuable information about the roles of genes associated with temperature stress responses.
Isabel Velada; Carla Ragonezi; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt; Hélia Cardoso. Reference Genes Selection and Normalization of Oxidative Stress Responsive Genes upon Different Temperature Stress Conditions in Hypericum perforatum L. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e115206 .
AMA StyleIsabel Velada, Carla Ragonezi, Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt, Hélia Cardoso. Reference Genes Selection and Normalization of Oxidative Stress Responsive Genes upon Different Temperature Stress Conditions in Hypericum perforatum L. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (12):e115206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Velada; Carla Ragonezi; Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt; Hélia Cardoso. 2014. "Reference Genes Selection and Normalization of Oxidative Stress Responsive Genes upon Different Temperature Stress Conditions in Hypericum perforatum L." PLoS ONE 9, no. 12: e115206.