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Amna Komal Khan
Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

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Review
Published: 14 February 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Flavonoids represent a popular class of industrially important bioactive compounds. They possess valuable health-benefiting and disease preventing properties, and therefore they are an important component of the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetical and medicinal industries. Moreover, flavonoids possess significant antiallergic, antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and antibacterial as well as cardio-protective activities. Due to these properties, there is a rise in global demand for flavonoids, forming a significant part of the world market. However, obtaining flavonoids directly from plants has some limitations, such as low quantity, poor extraction, over-exploitation, time consuming process and loss of flora. Henceforth, there is a shift towards the in vitro production of flavonoids using the plant tissue culture technique to achieve better yields in less time. In order to achieve the productivity of flavonoids at an industrially competitive level, elicitation is a useful tool. The elicitation of in vitro cultures induces stressful conditions to plants, activates the plant defense system and enhances the accumulation of secondary metabolites in higher quantities. In this regard, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as novel and effective elicitors for enhancing the in vitro production of industrially important flavonoids. Different classes of NPs, including metallic NPs (silver and copper), metallic oxide NPs (copper oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide) and carbon nanotubes, are widely reported as nano-elicitors of flavonoids discussed herein. Lastly, the mechanisms of NPs as well as knowledge gaps in the area of the nano-elicitation of flavonoids have been highlighted in this review.

ACS Style

Amna Khan; Sidra Kousar; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. Nano-Elicitation as an Effective and Emerging Strategy for in Vitro Production of Industrially Important Flavonoids. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1694 .

AMA Style

Amna Khan, Sidra Kousar, Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Christophe Hano, Bilal Abbasi, Sumaira Anjum. Nano-Elicitation as an Effective and Emerging Strategy for in Vitro Production of Industrially Important Flavonoids. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):1694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amna Khan; Sidra Kousar; Duangjai Tungmunnithum; Christophe Hano; Bilal Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. 2021. "Nano-Elicitation as an Effective and Emerging Strategy for in Vitro Production of Industrially Important Flavonoids." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4: 1694.

Review
Published: 06 November 2020 in Biomolecules
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With the increase in biotechnological, environmental, and nutraceutical importance of algae, about 100 whole genomic sequences of algae have been published, and this figure is expected to double in the coming years. The phenotypic and ecological diversity among algae hints at the range of functional capabilities encoded by algal genomes. In order to explore the biodiversity of algae and fully exploit their commercial potential, understanding their evolutionary, structural, functional, and developmental aspects at genomic level is a pre-requisite. So forth, the algal genomic analysis revealed us that algae evolved through endosymbiotic gene transfer, giving rise to around eight phyla. Amongst the diverse algal species, the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has attained the status of model organism as it is an ideal organism to elucidate the biological processes critical to plants and animals, as well as commercialized to produce range of bio-products. For this review, an overview of evolutionary process of algae through endosymbiosis in the light of genomics, as well as the phylogenomic, studies supporting the evolutionary process of algae was reviewed. Algal genomics not only helped us to understand the evolutionary history of algae but also may have an impact on our future by helping to create algae-based products and future biotechnological approaches.

ACS Style

Amna Komal Khan; Humera Kausar; Syyada Samra Jaferi; Samantha Drouet; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. An Insight into the Algal Evolution and Genomics. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 1524 .

AMA Style

Amna Komal Khan, Humera Kausar, Syyada Samra Jaferi, Samantha Drouet, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Sumaira Anjum. An Insight into the Algal Evolution and Genomics. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (11):1524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amna Komal Khan; Humera Kausar; Syyada Samra Jaferi; Samantha Drouet; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. 2020. "An Insight into the Algal Evolution and Genomics." Biomolecules 10, no. 11: 1524.

Review
Published: 30 October 2020 in Biomolecules
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Algae have long been exploited commercially and industrially as food, feed, additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizer, but now the trend is shifting towards the algae-mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). This trend is increasing day by day, as algae are a rich source of secondary metabolites, easy to cultivate, have fast growth, and are scalable. In recent era, green synthesis of NPs has gained widespread attention as a safe, simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly protocol. The secondary metabolites from algae reduce, cap, and stabilize the metal precursors to form metal, metal oxide, or bimetallic NPs. The NPs synthesis could either be intracellular or extracellular depending on the location of NPs synthesis and reducing agents. Among the diverse range of algae, the most widely investigated algae for the biosynthesis of NPs documented are brown, red, blue-green, micro and macro green algae. Due to the biocompatibility, safety and unique physico-chemical properties of NPs, the algal biosynthesized NPs have also been studied for their biomedical applications, which include anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-fouling, bioremediation, and biosensing activities. In this review, the rationale behind the algal-mediated biosynthesis of metallic, metallic oxide, and bimetallic NPs from various algae have been reviewed. Furthermore, an insight into the mechanism of biosynthesis of NPs from algae and their biomedical applications has been reviewed critically.

ACS Style

Rimsha Chaudhary; Khadija Nawaz; Amna Komal Khan; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. An Overview of the Algae-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 1498 .

AMA Style

Rimsha Chaudhary, Khadija Nawaz, Amna Komal Khan, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi, Sumaira Anjum. An Overview of the Algae-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (11):1498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rimsha Chaudhary; Khadija Nawaz; Amna Komal Khan; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi; Sumaira Anjum. 2020. "An Overview of the Algae-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications." Biomolecules 10, no. 11: 1498.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2020 in Plants
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Flax lignans and neolignans impart health benefits, particularly in treating different types of cancers, due to their strong phytoestrogenic and antioxidant properties. The present study enhances the comprehension on the biosynthesis of antioxidant lignans and neolignans in root-derived in vitro cultures of flax (both callus and adventitious root). The results presented here clearly showed that the adventitious root culture efficiently produced a higher amount of lignans (at day 40) and neolignans (at day 30) than callus culture of flax. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the accumulations of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG, 5.5 mg g−1 DW (dry weight)) and dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG, 21.6 mg/g DW) were 2-fold higher, while guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside (GGCG, 4.9 mg/g DW) and lariciresinol glucoside (LDG, 11.9 mg/g DW) contents were 1.5-fold higher in adventitious root culture than in callus culture. Furthermore, the highest level of total phenolic production (119.01 mg/L), with an antioxidant free radical scavenging activity of 91.01%, was found in adventitious root culture at day 40, while the maximum level of total flavonoid production (45.51 mg/L) was observed in callus culture at day 30 of growth dynamics. These results suggest that adventitious root culture can be a good candidate for scaling up to industrial level to commercially produce these pharmacologically and nutritionally valuable metabolites.

ACS Style

Sumaira Anjum; Amna Komal; Samantha Drouet; Humera Kausar; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. Feasible Production of Lignans and Neolignans in Root-Derived In Vitro Cultures of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Plants 2020, 9, 409 .

AMA Style

Sumaira Anjum, Amna Komal, Samantha Drouet, Humera Kausar, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi. Feasible Production of Lignans and Neolignans in Root-Derived In Vitro Cultures of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Plants. 2020; 9 (4):409.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sumaira Anjum; Amna Komal; Samantha Drouet; Humera Kausar; Christophe Hano; Bilal Haider Abbasi. 2020. "Feasible Production of Lignans and Neolignans in Root-Derived In Vitro Cultures of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)." Plants 9, no. 4: 409.