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The removal of contaminants of emerging concern from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains a challenge to promote safe wastewater reuse practices. Macrolides are the most abundant antibiotics detected in untreated wastewater and their concentration in WWTPs effluents is only partially reduced by conventional treatments. Among several advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), photocatalysis has demonstrated the capability to effectively remove pharmaceuticals from different aqueous matrices. Recently, ZnO has emerged as an efficient, promising, and less expensive alternative to TiO2, due to its photocatalytic capability and attitude to exploit better the solar spectrum than TiO2. In this study, the behaviors of ZnO photocatalysis were evaluated using a representative macrolide antibiotic, spiramycin (SPY), in aqueous solutions and urban wastewater. After 80 min of photocatalysis, 95–99% removal of SPY was achieved at 1 g L−1 ZnO concentrations in aqueous solutions and wastewater, respectively. After treatment, the effluent toxicity, evaluated using the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, and the crustacean Daphnia magna ranged between slight acute and high acute hazard. Filterable and ultrafilterable Zn concentrations were quantified in treated effluents and shown to be high enough to contribute to the observed toxicity.
Davide Vignati; Giusy Lofrano; Giovanni Libralato; Marco Guida; Antonietta Siciliano; Federica Carraturo; Maurizio Carotenuto. Photocatalytic ZnO-Assisted Degradation of Spiramycin in Urban Wastewater: Degradation Kinetics and Toxicity. Water 2021, 13, 1051 .
AMA StyleDavide Vignati, Giusy Lofrano, Giovanni Libralato, Marco Guida, Antonietta Siciliano, Federica Carraturo, Maurizio Carotenuto. Photocatalytic ZnO-Assisted Degradation of Spiramycin in Urban Wastewater: Degradation Kinetics and Toxicity. Water. 2021; 13 (8):1051.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavide Vignati; Giusy Lofrano; Giovanni Libralato; Marco Guida; Antonietta Siciliano; Federica Carraturo; Maurizio Carotenuto. 2021. "Photocatalytic ZnO-Assisted Degradation of Spiramycin in Urban Wastewater: Degradation Kinetics and Toxicity." Water 13, no. 8: 1051.
Analytical models for the simulation of contaminants’ fate and transport in the unsaturated zone are used in many engineering applications concerning groundwater resource management and risk assessment. As a consequence, several scientific studies dealing with the development and application of analytical solutions have been carried out. Six models have been selected and compared based on common characteristics to identify pros and cons as well as to highlight any difference in the final output. The analyzed models have been clustered into three groups according to the assumptions on contaminant source and physico-chemical mechanisms occurring during the transport. Comparative simulations were carried out with five target contaminants (Benzene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Vinyl Chloride, Trichloroethylene and Aldrin) with different decay’s coefficient, three types of soil (sand, loam and clay) and three different thicknesses of the contaminant source. The calculated concentration at a given depth in the soil for the same contamination scenario varied greatly among the models. A significant variability of the concentrations was shown due to the variation of contaminant and soil characteristics. As a general finding, the more advanced is the model, the lower the predicted concentrations; thus, models that are too simplified could lead to outcomes of some orders of magnitude greater than the advanced one.
Maria Grazia Stoppiello; Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto; Giacomo Viccione; Claudio Guarnaccia; Leonardo Cascini. A Comparative Assessment of Analytical Fate and Transport Models of Organic Contaminants in Unsaturated Soils. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2949 .
AMA StyleMaria Grazia Stoppiello, Giusy Lofrano, Maurizio Carotenuto, Giacomo Viccione, Claudio Guarnaccia, Leonardo Cascini. A Comparative Assessment of Analytical Fate and Transport Models of Organic Contaminants in Unsaturated Soils. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2949.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Grazia Stoppiello; Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto; Giacomo Viccione; Claudio Guarnaccia; Leonardo Cascini. 2020. "A Comparative Assessment of Analytical Fate and Transport Models of Organic Contaminants in Unsaturated Soils." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2949.
Nonylphenol ethoxylated (NPEOs) nonionic surfactants have been increasingly used in different industrial, commercial and domestic applications. Unfortunately, they are classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (and also considered as contaminants of emerging concern) having adverse effects on animal and human reproduction. The treatment of nonylphenol-decaethoxylated (NP-10) via H2O2/UV-C process at different reaction times (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 min) and H2O2 concentrations was investigated. After 80 min treatment the removal rates of NP-10 solution (initial concentration 100 mg/L) in deionized water were 88%, 97% and 98% for 10, 20 and 100 mg/L of H2O2 respectively. The same experimental conditions were applied to real wastewater spiked with 100 mg/L of NP-10 showing the following removal rates: 84%, 98% and 99%, respectively. The possible contribution of different radicals to NP-10 degradation by H2O2/UV-C treatment was investigated by evaluating the effect of different radical scavengers (namely NO3-, NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, KH2PO4 and phatalate). Toxicity data (Aliivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Daphnia magna) on treated solutions and wastewater highlighted the presence of residual toxicity in all samples evidencing that no complete mineralization occurred.
Maurizio Carotenuto; Giovanni Libralato; Hatice Gürses; Antonietta Siciliano; Luigi Rizzo; Marco Guida; Giusy Lofrano. Nonylphenol deca-ethoxylate removal from wastewater by UV/H2O2: Degradation kinetics and toxicity effects. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2019, 124, 1 -7.
AMA StyleMaurizio Carotenuto, Giovanni Libralato, Hatice Gürses, Antonietta Siciliano, Luigi Rizzo, Marco Guida, Giusy Lofrano. Nonylphenol deca-ethoxylate removal from wastewater by UV/H2O2: Degradation kinetics and toxicity effects. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2019; 124 ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaurizio Carotenuto; Giovanni Libralato; Hatice Gürses; Antonietta Siciliano; Luigi Rizzo; Marco Guida; Giusy Lofrano. 2019. "Nonylphenol deca-ethoxylate removal from wastewater by UV/H2O2: Degradation kinetics and toxicity effects." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 124, no. : 1-7.
This opinion paper focuses on the role of eco-toxicological tools in the assessment of possible impacts of emerging contaminants on the aquatic ecosystem, hence, on human health. Indeed, organic trace pollutants present in raw and treated wastewater are the pivot targets: a multidisciplinary approach allows defining the basic principles for managing this issue, from setting a proper monitoring campaign up to evaluating the optimal process treatment. Giving hints on trace pollutants fate and behaviour, attention is focused on the choice of the bioassay(s), by analysing the meaning of possible biological answers. Data interpretation and exploitation are detailed with the final goal of providing criteria in order to be able to select the best targeted treatment options. The manuscript deals with conventional and innovative analytical approaches for assessing toxicity, by reviewing laboratory and field assays; illustrative real scale and laboratory applications integrate and exemplify the proposed approach.
Roberta Pedrazzani; Giorgio Bertanza; Ivan Brnardić; Zeynep Cetecioglu; Jan Dries; Jolanta Dvarionienė; Antonio J. García-Fernández; Alette Langenhoff; Giovanni Libralato; Giusy Lofrano; Biljana Škrbić; Emma Martínez-López; Süreyya Meriç; Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović; Matteo Papa; Peter Schröder; Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis; Christian Vogelsang. Opinion paper about organic trace pollutants in wastewater: Toxicity assessment in a European perspective. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 651, 3202 -3221.
AMA StyleRoberta Pedrazzani, Giorgio Bertanza, Ivan Brnardić, Zeynep Cetecioglu, Jan Dries, Jolanta Dvarionienė, Antonio J. García-Fernández, Alette Langenhoff, Giovanni Libralato, Giusy Lofrano, Biljana Škrbić, Emma Martínez-López, Süreyya Meriç, Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović, Matteo Papa, Peter Schröder, Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis, Christian Vogelsang. Opinion paper about organic trace pollutants in wastewater: Toxicity assessment in a European perspective. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 651 ():3202-3221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberta Pedrazzani; Giorgio Bertanza; Ivan Brnardić; Zeynep Cetecioglu; Jan Dries; Jolanta Dvarionienė; Antonio J. García-Fernández; Alette Langenhoff; Giovanni Libralato; Giusy Lofrano; Biljana Škrbić; Emma Martínez-López; Süreyya Meriç; Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović; Matteo Papa; Peter Schröder; Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis; Christian Vogelsang. 2018. "Opinion paper about organic trace pollutants in wastewater: Toxicity assessment in a European perspective." Science of The Total Environment 651, no. : 3202-3221.
The release of antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems from the effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) is of great concern due to possible chronic toxic effects as well as contribution to antibiotic resistance spread. In the present work, the degradation of the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) by ultraviolet (UV)/peracetic acid (PAA) (an advanced oxidation process that has been poorly investigated so far) and UV/H2O2 processes as well as its transformation products were studied under different light sources. UV-C/PAA process was found to be effective in the degradation of CAP (half life time (t1/2) = 20 min, initial CAP concentration 25 mg/L), but not effective when solar radiation was used as light source. It is worthy to note that the presence of H2O2 in the commercial PAA solution significantly affected the removal efficiency of CAP by UV-C/PAA process. When H2O2 was quenched by catalase addition, t1/2 increased to 99 min, meaning that PAA can still produce hydroxyl radicals but at a lower rate compared to H2O2. Moreover, process efficiency further decreased in the presence of both solar simulated and natural solar irradiation, being CAP removal also the result of thermal decomposition. The transformation products detected during CAP degradation by UV-C/PAA were different respect to those produced during UV-C/H2O2 process. In particular, after 120 min most of the compounds detected presented a molecular weight >300 m/z., meaning that UV-C/PAA process needs more time to degrade the transformation products.
Luigi Rizzo; Giusy Lofrano; Carmen Gago; Tatiana Bredneva; Patrizia Iannece; Marta Pazos; Nataliya Krasnogorskaya; Maurizio Carotenuto. Antibiotic contaminated water treated by photo driven advanced oxidation processes: Ultraviolet/H2O2 vs ultraviolet/peracetic acid. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 205, 67 -75.
AMA StyleLuigi Rizzo, Giusy Lofrano, Carmen Gago, Tatiana Bredneva, Patrizia Iannece, Marta Pazos, Nataliya Krasnogorskaya, Maurizio Carotenuto. Antibiotic contaminated water treated by photo driven advanced oxidation processes: Ultraviolet/H2O2 vs ultraviolet/peracetic acid. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 205 ():67-75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Rizzo; Giusy Lofrano; Carmen Gago; Tatiana Bredneva; Patrizia Iannece; Marta Pazos; Nataliya Krasnogorskaya; Maurizio Carotenuto. 2018. "Antibiotic contaminated water treated by photo driven advanced oxidation processes: Ultraviolet/H2O2 vs ultraviolet/peracetic acid." Journal of Cleaner Production 205, no. : 67-75.
A continuous flow micro-reactor irradiated by UV-LEDs was employed to treat coloured wastewater by adsorption and simultaneous photocatalysis. Zinc oxide (ZnO) immobilized on commercial zeolites pellets in spherical shape (ZEO) was used as catalytic material in a micro-reactor maximizing the photocatalyst exposition to light sources, irradiating uniformly the entire solution volume and improving the mass transfer phenomena. Experimental tests were carried out on crystal violet dye (CV) as one of the main dying agent present in textile wastewater. The comparison between adsorption and adsorption/photocatalytic tests showed that UV irradiation can achieve a steady state CV concentration value corresponding to an equilibrium condition between adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation. The higher removal efficiency (i.e. 93%) was observed with a liquid flow rate of 1.1 mL/min (contact time = 4.7 min; CV = 10 mg/L) under UV light irradiation. In the steady state, CV removal remained constant for the overall testing time. Bioassays evidenced that toxicity was not completely removed (i.e. final effluent ranked as “slight acute toxic”) from wastewater suggesting its suitability for sewage collection discharge. A Dubinin Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm model was applied for studying the adsorption behaviour of ZnO/ZEO sample. CV adsorption constants were evaluated from experimental data carried out in dark conditions in a batch system. Kinetic expression of CV removal and the D-R adsorption were incorporated in the CV mass balance estimating the kinetic parameter. The model was validated comparing the calculated CV conversion with the experimental tests collected at different CV inlet concentration.
Olga Sacco; Mariantonietta Matarangolo; Vincenzo Vaiano; Giovanni Libralato; Marco Guida; Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto. Crystal violet and toxicity removal by adsorption and simultaneous photocatalysis in a continuous flow micro-reactor. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 644, 430 -438.
AMA StyleOlga Sacco, Mariantonietta Matarangolo, Vincenzo Vaiano, Giovanni Libralato, Marco Guida, Giusy Lofrano, Maurizio Carotenuto. Crystal violet and toxicity removal by adsorption and simultaneous photocatalysis in a continuous flow micro-reactor. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 644 ():430-438.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlga Sacco; Mariantonietta Matarangolo; Vincenzo Vaiano; Giovanni Libralato; Marco Guida; Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto. 2018. "Crystal violet and toxicity removal by adsorption and simultaneous photocatalysis in a continuous flow micro-reactor." Science of The Total Environment 644, no. : 430-438.
The fate of indigenous surface-water and wastewater antibiotic resistant bacteria in a mild slope stream simulated through a hydraulic channel was investigated in outdoor experiments. The effect of (i) natural (dark) decay, (ii) sunlight, (iii) cloudy cover, (iv) adsorption to the sediment, (v) hydraulic conditions, (vi) discharge of urban wastewater treatment plant (UWTP) effluent and (vii) bacterial species (presumptive Escherichia coli and enterococci) was evaluated. Half-life time (T) of E. coli under sunlight was in the range 6.48-27.7min (initial bacterial concentration of 10CFU/mL) depending on hydraulic and sunlight conditions. E. coli inactivation was quite similar in sunny and cloudy day experiments in the early 2hr, despite of the light intensity gradient was in the range of 15-59W/m; but subsequently the inactivation rate decreased in the cloudy day experiment (T=23.0min) compared to sunny day (T=17.4min). The adsorption of bacterial cells to the sediment (biofilm) increased in the first hour and then was quite stable for the remaining experimental time. Finally, when the discharge of an UWTP effluent in the stream was simulated, the proportion of indigenous antibiotic resistant E. coli and enterococci was found to increase as the exposure time increased, thus showing a higher resistance to solar inactivation compared to the respective total populations.
Antonino Fiorentino; Giuliana De Luca; Luigi Rizzo; Giacomo Viccione; Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto. Simulating the fate of indigenous antibiotic resistant bacteria in a mild slope wastewater polluted stream. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018, 69, 95 -104.
AMA StyleAntonino Fiorentino, Giuliana De Luca, Luigi Rizzo, Giacomo Viccione, Giusy Lofrano, Maurizio Carotenuto. Simulating the fate of indigenous antibiotic resistant bacteria in a mild slope wastewater polluted stream. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2018; 69 ():95-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonino Fiorentino; Giuliana De Luca; Luigi Rizzo; Giacomo Viccione; Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto. 2018. "Simulating the fate of indigenous antibiotic resistant bacteria in a mild slope wastewater polluted stream." Journal of Environmental Sciences 69, no. : 95-104.
Most studies investigating the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) focused on the effect of size, whereas exposure concentration and duration remained poorly understood. In this study, the effect of acute and sub-acute exposures of ZnO NPs on Zn compartmentalization and biomarkers' expression were investigated in Rutilus rutilus caspicus (Caspian roach) considering various exposure scenarios: i) the assessment of the concentration-response curves and median lethal concentration (LC50); ii) the assessment of the effects of organisms exposed at LC50 value and one tenth of LC50 value of ZnO NPs suspensions for 4 d and 28 d, respectively; iii) the assessment of 14 d depuration period. The same concentrations of ZnSO4 were investigated. The highest Zn accumulation was detected in gill after sub-acute exposure (4.8 mg/L; 28 d) followed by liver, kidney and muscle. In gill, liver and muscle, Zn from Zn NPs accumulated higher concentrations. Depuration (14 d) decreased Zn content in each organ, but no complete removal occurred except for muscle. Biomarkers' activity was significantly over expressed after treatments, but depuration brought back their values to background levels and most effects were related to acute concentrations (48 mg/L; 4 d) and in presence of ZnSO4. Histopathological analyses showed that the exposure to ZnO NPs increased lesions in gill, liver and kidney, with a direct proportionality between alterations and Zn accumulated in the target organs. After depuration, lesions regressed for both ZnO NPs and ZnSO4, but not in a complete way. These data could contribute to increase the knowledge about ZnO NPs risk assessment in aquatic vertebrates, suggesting that the size of ZnO NPs can influence biomarker and histopathological effects.
K. Khosravi-Katuli; Giusy Lofrano; H. Pak Nezhad; A. Giorgio; M. Guida; F. Aliberti; A. Siciliano; M. Carotenuto; Emilia Galdiero; E. Rahimi; G. Libralato. Effects of ZnO nanoparticles in the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus). Science of The Total Environment 2018, 626, 30 -41.
AMA StyleK. Khosravi-Katuli, Giusy Lofrano, H. Pak Nezhad, A. Giorgio, M. Guida, F. Aliberti, A. Siciliano, M. Carotenuto, Emilia Galdiero, E. Rahimi, G. Libralato. Effects of ZnO nanoparticles in the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus). Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 626 ():30-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Khosravi-Katuli; Giusy Lofrano; H. Pak Nezhad; A. Giorgio; M. Guida; F. Aliberti; A. Siciliano; M. Carotenuto; Emilia Galdiero; E. Rahimi; G. Libralato. 2018. "Effects of ZnO nanoparticles in the Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus)." Science of The Total Environment 626, no. : 30-41.
The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for environmental remediation, known as nanoremediation, represents a challenging and innovative solution, ensuring a quick and efficient removal of pollutants from contaminated sites. Although the growing interest in nanotechnological solutions for pollution remediation, with significant economic investment worldwide, environmental and human risk assessment associated with the use of ENMs is still a matter of debate and nanoremediation is seen yet as an emerging technology. Innovative nanotechnologies applied to water and soil remediation suffer for a proper environmental impact scenario which is limiting the development of specific regulatory measures and the exploitation at European level. The present paper summarizes the findings from the workshop: “Ecofriendly Nanotechnology: state of the art, future perspectives and ecotoxicological evaluation of nanoremediation applied to contaminated sediments and soils” convened during the Biannual ECOtoxicology Meeting 2016 (BECOME) held in Livorno (Italy). Several topics have been discussed and, starting from current state of the art of nanoremediation, which represents a breakthrough in pollution control, the following recommendations have been proposed: (i) ecosafety has to be a priority feature of ENMs intended for nanoremediation; ii) predictive safety assessment of ENMs for environmental remediation is mandatory; (iii) greener, sustainable and innovative nano-structured materials should be further supported; (iii) those ENMs that meet the highest standards of environmental safety will support industrial competitiveness, innovation and sustainability. The workshop aims to favour environmental safety and industrial competitiveness by providing tools and modus operandi for the valorization of public and private investments.
I. Corsi; M. Winther-Nielsen; R. Sethi; Carlo Punta; C. Della Torre; G. Libralato; Giusy Lofrano; L. Sabatini; M. Aiello; L. Fiordi; F. Cinuzzi; A. Caneschi; D. Pellegrini; I. Buttino. Ecofriendly nanotechnologies and nanomaterials for environmental applications: Key issue and consensus recommendations for sustainable and ecosafe nanoremediation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 154, 237 -244.
AMA StyleI. Corsi, M. Winther-Nielsen, R. Sethi, Carlo Punta, C. Della Torre, G. Libralato, Giusy Lofrano, L. Sabatini, M. Aiello, L. Fiordi, F. Cinuzzi, A. Caneschi, D. Pellegrini, I. Buttino. Ecofriendly nanotechnologies and nanomaterials for environmental applications: Key issue and consensus recommendations for sustainable and ecosafe nanoremediation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 154 ():237-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Corsi; M. Winther-Nielsen; R. Sethi; Carlo Punta; C. Della Torre; G. Libralato; Giusy Lofrano; L. Sabatini; M. Aiello; L. Fiordi; F. Cinuzzi; A. Caneschi; D. Pellegrini; I. Buttino. 2018. "Ecofriendly nanotechnologies and nanomaterials for environmental applications: Key issue and consensus recommendations for sustainable and ecosafe nanoremediation." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 154, no. : 237-244.
This study assessed the effects and removal options of the macrolide spiramycin, currently used for both in human and veterinary medicine- with a special focus on advanced oxidation processes based on heterogeneous TiO2_assisted photocatalysis. Spiramycin real concentrations were investigated on a seasonal basis in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (up to 35 μg L− 1), while its removal kinetics were studied considering both aqueous solutions and real wastewater samples, including by-products toxicity assessment. High variability of spiramycin removal by activated sludge treatments (from 9% (wintertime) to > 99.9% (summertime)) was observed on a seasonal basis. Preliminary results showed that a total spiramycin removal (> 99.9%) is achieved with 0.1 g L− 1 of TiO2 in aqueous solution after 80 min. Integrated toxicity showed residual slight acute effects in the photocatalytic treated solutions, independently from the amount of TiO2 used, and could be linked to the presence of intermediate compounds. Photolysis of wastewater samples collected after activated sludge treatment during summer season (SPY 5 μg L− 1) allowed a full SPY removal after 80 min. When photocatalysis with 0.1 g L− 1 of TiO2 was carried out in wastewater samples collected in winter season (SPY 30 μg L− 1) after AS treatment, SPY removal was up to 91% after 80 min.
Giusy Lofrano; G. Libralato; A. Casaburi; A. Siciliano; P. Iannece; M. Guida; L. Pucci; E.F. Dentice; M. Carotenuto. Municipal wastewater spiramycin removal by conventional treatments and heterogeneous photocatalysis. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 624, 461 -469.
AMA StyleGiusy Lofrano, G. Libralato, A. Casaburi, A. Siciliano, P. Iannece, M. Guida, L. Pucci, E.F. Dentice, M. Carotenuto. Municipal wastewater spiramycin removal by conventional treatments and heterogeneous photocatalysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 624 ():461-469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiusy Lofrano; G. Libralato; A. Casaburi; A. Siciliano; P. Iannece; M. Guida; L. Pucci; E.F. Dentice; M. Carotenuto. 2018. "Municipal wastewater spiramycin removal by conventional treatments and heterogeneous photocatalysis." Science of The Total Environment 624, no. : 461-469.
Polluted sediment represents a great problem for aquantic environments with potential direct acute and chronic effects for the biota and can be tackled with both in situ and ex situ treatments. Once dredging activities are not compulsory, sediment can be kept in place and managed with techniques involving the use of amendment and/or capping. Before their application, the assessment of their potential impact to the target environment cannot ignore the safe-by-design approach. The role of toxicity in in situ sediment remediation was reviewed discussing about how it can be used for the selection of amendments and the monitoring of treatment technologies. Results evidenced that capping technology coupled to activated carbon (AC) is the most frequently applied approach with effects varying according to the rate of contamination in treated sediment, the amount of AC used (% v/v), and target biological models considered. Little data are available for zerovalent iron as well as other minor amending agents such as hematite, natural zeolite, biopolymers and organoclays. Current (eco-)toxicological information for in situ sediment remediation technologies is fragmentary and incomplete or entirely missing, making also the interpretation of existing data quite challenging. In situ sediment remediation represents an interesting potentially effective approach for polluted sediment recovering. As its application in some lab-based and field studies reported to induce negative effects for target organisms, amendments and capping agents must be attentively evaluated for short- and long-term environmental effects, also in the perspective of the remediated site monitoring and maintenance.
Giovanni Libralato; Diego Minetto; Giusy Lofrano; Marco Guida; Maurizio Carotenuto; Francesco Aliberti; Barbara Conte; Michele Notarnicola. Toxicity assessment within the application of in situ contaminated sediment remediation technologies: A review. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 621, 85 -94.
AMA StyleGiovanni Libralato, Diego Minetto, Giusy Lofrano, Marco Guida, Maurizio Carotenuto, Francesco Aliberti, Barbara Conte, Michele Notarnicola. Toxicity assessment within the application of in situ contaminated sediment remediation technologies: A review. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 621 ():85-94.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanni Libralato; Diego Minetto; Giusy Lofrano; Marco Guida; Maurizio Carotenuto; Francesco Aliberti; Barbara Conte; Michele Notarnicola. 2018. "Toxicity assessment within the application of in situ contaminated sediment remediation technologies: A review." Science of The Total Environment 621, no. : 85-94.
Antibiotics are emerging pollutants released into the environment through wastewater and manure or effluents from livestock plants. Compared to the wide literature on the effects of antibiotics on the development of drug-resistant bacteria and on the adverse effects on animals and human beings, the effects on plants are less investigated. Here we evaluated the effects of four antibiotics (cloramphenicol: CAP, spiramycin: SPR, spectinomycin: SPT, vancomycin: VAN) belonging to different chemical groups, on seed germination and root development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. San Marzano). Specifically, seed germination and root elongation kinetics, as well as the number of mithotic figures in root apical meristem, were studied in relation to different concentrations of each antibiotic (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000mgL(-1)) for 10 and 7 days, respectively. Results showed that seed germination was not affected, but root development (root elongation kinetics and cell division) was impaired at concentrations from 10mgL(-1) (SPT) and 100mgL(-1) (CAP) to 1000mgL(-1) (SPR and VAN).
Alessandro Bellino; Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto; Giovanni Libralato; Daniela Baldantoni. Antibiotic effects on seed germination and root development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 148, 135 -141.
AMA StyleAlessandro Bellino, Giusy Lofrano, Maurizio Carotenuto, Giovanni Libralato, Daniela Baldantoni. Antibiotic effects on seed germination and root development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 148 ():135-141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Bellino; Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto; Giovanni Libralato; Daniela Baldantoni. 2018. "Antibiotic effects on seed germination and root development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 148, no. : 135-141.
The Sarno River is considered the most polluted river in Europe and one of the ten most polluted rivers in the\ud world. So far, its quality has been usually evaluated by water and sediment analyses of either inorganic or\ud organic pollutants. However, a biomonitoring approach would be of paramount importance in the evaluation of\ud river quality, since it integrates pollutant temporal fluctuations, as in the case of discontinuous inputs from\ud urban, industrial and agricultural activities. To this end, a passive biomonitoring study of the Sarno River was\ud carried out, using two native aquatic plants accumulators of inorganic pollutants. The spring area was monitored\ud analysing the roots of the semi-submerged Apium nodiflorum, whereas the whole river course was monitored\ud analysing the shoots of the submerged Potamogeton pectinatus. The information on the four macronutrient (Ca, K,\ud Mg, P), the six micronutrient (Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Ni, Zn) and the four toxic element (Cd, Cr, Pb, V) concentrations\ud were separately combined in the Nemerow Pollution Index. Results evidenced a severe pollution degree of the\ud Sarno River, attributable to toxic elements>micronutrients>macronutrients. In particular, the spring area\ud showed high K concentrations, as well as high concentrations of several micronutrients and toxic elements. A\ud generalized Zn contamination and a progressive macronutrient (above all Ca and P), micronutrient (above all Ni,\ud Cu and Fe) and toxic element (above all Cr and Pb) accumulation toward the mouth was related to pollution\ud from agricultural and urban activities. Industrial sources, especially tanneries along the Solofrana tributary,\ud accounted for high Mn concentrations, whereas the volcanic origin of the substrate accounted for a generalized V\ud contamination
Daniela Baldantoni; Alessandro Bellino; Giusy Lofrano; Giovanni Libralato; Luca Pucci; Maurizio Carotenuto. Biomonitoring of nutrient and toxic element concentrations in the Sarno River through aquatic plants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 148, 520 -527.
AMA StyleDaniela Baldantoni, Alessandro Bellino, Giusy Lofrano, Giovanni Libralato, Luca Pucci, Maurizio Carotenuto. Biomonitoring of nutrient and toxic element concentrations in the Sarno River through aquatic plants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 148 ():520-527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniela Baldantoni; Alessandro Bellino; Giusy Lofrano; Giovanni Libralato; Luca Pucci; Maurizio Carotenuto. 2018. "Biomonitoring of nutrient and toxic element concentrations in the Sarno River through aquatic plants." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 148, no. : 520-527.
Giusy Lofrano; Jeanette Brown. Wastewater management in ancient times. Wastewater and Biosolids Management 2017, 1 -11.
AMA StyleGiusy Lofrano, Jeanette Brown. Wastewater management in ancient times. Wastewater and Biosolids Management. 2017; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiusy Lofrano; Jeanette Brown. 2017. "Wastewater management in ancient times." Wastewater and Biosolids Management , no. : 1-11.
Recently, it was observed that there is an increasing application of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquaculture. Manufacturers are trying to use nano-based tools to remove the barriers about waterborne food, growth, reproduction, and culturing of species, their health, and water treatment in order to increase aquaculture production rates, being the safe-by-design approach still unapplied. We reviewed the applications of NPs in aquaculture evidencing that the way NPs are applied can be very different: some are direclty added to feed, other to water media or in aquaculture facilities. Traditional toxicity data cannot be easily used to infer on aquaculture mainly considering short-term exposure scenarios, underestimating the potential exposure of aquacultured species. The main outputs are (i) biological models are not recurrent, and in the case, testing protocols are frequently different; (ii) most data derived from toxicity studies are not specifically designed on aquaculture needs, thus contact time, exposure concentrations, and other ancillary conditions do not meet the required standard for aquaculture; (iii) short-term exposure periods are investigated mainly on species of indirect aquaculture interest, while shrimp and fish as final consumers in aquaculture plants are underinvestigated (scarce or unknown data on trophic chain transfer of NPs): little information is available about the amount of NPs accumulated within marketed organisms; (iv) how NPs present in the packaging of aquacultured products can affect their quality remained substantially unexplored. NPs in aquaculture are a challenging topic that must be developed in the near future to assure human health and environmental safety.
Kheyrollah Khosravi-Katuli; Ermelinda Prato; Giusy Lofrano; Marco Guida; Gonçalo Vale; Giovanni Libralato. Effects of nanoparticles in species of aquaculture interest. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 17326 -17346.
AMA StyleKheyrollah Khosravi-Katuli, Ermelinda Prato, Giusy Lofrano, Marco Guida, Gonçalo Vale, Giovanni Libralato. Effects of nanoparticles in species of aquaculture interest. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (21):17326-17346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKheyrollah Khosravi-Katuli; Ermelinda Prato; Giusy Lofrano; Marco Guida; Gonçalo Vale; Giovanni Libralato. 2017. "Effects of nanoparticles in species of aquaculture interest." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 21: 17326-17346.
Year-by-year, the amount of antibiotics for human and veterinary use increases. Their presence in both treated and untreated wastewater was highlighted in several studies, suggesting that traditional activated sludge processes are unsuitable for their efficient removal. In this review paper, we summarized the role of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in antibiotics removal evidencing their pros, cons and limitations. In most cases, they are still applied at laboratory or pilot scale, with just few examples of full-scale applications. Main constraints are related to energy cost, catalyst management and potential residual toxicity in treated effluents. The main advantages are related to the full mineralization of target compounds or the ability to increase their relative biodegradability. Future challenges include nano-based green synthetized catalysts maximizing the use of solar radiation for energy saving. Generally, AOPs application is part of a more structured wastewater treatment process including operating units at various technological contents
Giusy Lofrano; Roberta Pedrazzani; Giovanni Libralato; Maurizio . Carotenuto. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Antibiotics Removal: A Review. Current Organic Chemistry 2017, 21, 1054 -1067.
AMA StyleGiusy Lofrano, Roberta Pedrazzani, Giovanni Libralato, Maurizio . Carotenuto. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Antibiotics Removal: A Review. Current Organic Chemistry. 2017; 21 (12):1054-1067.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiusy Lofrano; Roberta Pedrazzani; Giovanni Libralato; Maurizio . Carotenuto. 2017. "Advanced Oxidation Processes for Antibiotics Removal: A Review." Current Organic Chemistry 21, no. 12: 1054-1067.
The removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater is urgently required and even more necessary for wastewater reuse. Since conventional WWTPs are not designed to treat water polluted with pharmaceuticals present at trace levels, the applied treatments are mostly ineffective in their removal. Therefore the use of more efficient processes for removing or improving the biodegradability of these compounds has become necessary. Among several advanced oxidation process, nano based photocatalytic processes represent a challenging alternative for pharmaceuticals removal due to its capacity to utilize the solar radiation as the light source, thus reducing significantly electric power required and therefore saving treatment costs and to operate without pH adjustment. This chapter is aimed at describing the state of the art in the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals using different nano particles (NPs).
Giusy Lofrano; Giovanni Libralato; Sanjay K. Sharma; Maurizio Carotenuto. Nano Based Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals. Nanotechnologies for Environmental Remediation 2017, 221 -238.
AMA StyleGiusy Lofrano, Giovanni Libralato, Sanjay K. Sharma, Maurizio Carotenuto. Nano Based Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals. Nanotechnologies for Environmental Remediation. 2017; ():221-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiusy Lofrano; Giovanni Libralato; Sanjay K. Sharma; Maurizio Carotenuto. 2017. "Nano Based Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals." Nanotechnologies for Environmental Remediation , no. : 221-238.
Low-calorie sweeteners are widespread. They are routinely introduced into commonly consumed food such as diet sodas, cereals, and sugar-free desserts. Recent data revealed the presence in considerable quantities of some of these artificial sweeteners in water samples qualifying them as a class of potential new emerging contaminants. This study aimed at evaluating the ecotoxicity profile of MNEI and Y65R-MNEI, two engineered products derived from the natural protein monellin, employing representative test organism such as Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Raphidocelis subcapitata. Potential genotoxicity and mutagenicity effects on Salmonella typhimurium (strain TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA1535) and Escherichia coli (strain WP2 pkM101) were evaluated. No genotoxicity effects were detected, whereas slight mutagenicity was highlighted by TA98 S. typhimurium. Ecotoxicity results evidenced effects approximately up to 14 and 20% with microalgae at 500 mg/L of MNEI and Y65R-MNEI, in that order. Macrophytes and crustaceans showed no significant effects. No median effective concentrations were determined. Overall, MNEI and Y65R-MNEI can be classified as not acutely toxic for the environment
Michele Fortunato Rega; Antonietta Siciliano; Renato Gesuele; Giusy Lofrano; Andrea Carpentieri; Delia Picone; Marco Guida. Ecotoxicological survey of MNEI and Y65R-MNEI proteins as new potential high-intensity sweeteners. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 9734 -9740.
AMA StyleMichele Fortunato Rega, Antonietta Siciliano, Renato Gesuele, Giusy Lofrano, Andrea Carpentieri, Delia Picone, Marco Guida. Ecotoxicological survey of MNEI and Y65R-MNEI proteins as new potential high-intensity sweeteners. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (10):9734-9740.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichele Fortunato Rega; Antonietta Siciliano; Renato Gesuele; Giusy Lofrano; Andrea Carpentieri; Delia Picone; Marco Guida. 2017. "Ecotoxicological survey of MNEI and Y65R-MNEI proteins as new potential high-intensity sweeteners." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 10: 9734-9740.
Sediment tends to accumulate inorganic and persistent hydrophobic organic contaminants representing one of the main sinks and sources of pollution. Generally, contaminated sediment poses medium- and long-term risks to humans and ecosystem health; dredging activities or natural resuspension phenomena (i.e., strongly adverse weather conditions) can remobilize pollution releasing it into the water column. Thus, ex situ traditional remediation activities (i.e., dredging) can be hazardous compared to in situ techniques that try to keep to a minimum sediment mobilization, unless dredging is compulsory to reach a desired bathymetric level. We reviewed in situ physico-chemical (i.e., active mixing and thin capping, solidification/stabilization, chemical oxidation, dechlorination, electrokinetic separation, and sediment flushing) and bio-assisted treatments, including hybrid solutions (i.e., nanocomposite reactive capping, bioreactive capping, microbial electrochemical technologies). We found that significant gaps still remain into the knowledge about the application of in situ contaminated sediment remediation techniques from the technical and the practical viewpoint. Only activated carbon-based technologies are well developed and currently applied with several available case studies. The environmental implication of in situ remediation technologies was only shortly investigated on a long-term basis after its application, so it is not clear how they can really perform.
Giusy Lofrano; G. Libralato; Diego Minetto; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Barbara Conte; D. Calabrò; L. Quatraro; M. Notarnicola. In situ remediation of contaminated marinesediment: an overview. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2016, 24, 5189 -5206.
AMA StyleGiusy Lofrano, G. Libralato, Diego Minetto, Sabino De Gisi, Francesco Todaro, Barbara Conte, D. Calabrò, L. Quatraro, M. Notarnicola. In situ remediation of contaminated marinesediment: an overview. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016; 24 (6):5189-5206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiusy Lofrano; G. Libralato; Diego Minetto; Sabino De Gisi; Francesco Todaro; Barbara Conte; D. Calabrò; L. Quatraro; M. Notarnicola. 2016. "In situ remediation of contaminated marinesediment: an overview." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 6: 5189-5206.
Two solar driven Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), namely sunlight/H2O2 and sunlight/peracetic acid (PAA), were investigated for the inactivation of two bacterial families (Escherichia coli and Enterococci) in real urban wastewater. Preliminary lab scale experiments were performed by using a solar simulator in order to evaluate the proper initial dose of H2O2 and PAA, respectively. According to the results achieved, 50 and 100 mg L−1 of H2O2 and 4 and 8 mg L−1 of PAA were chosen for the subsequent pilot scale experiments in a Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC) based reactor. The sunlight/PAA process resulted in a higher inactivation rate (3.52 log units of E. coli and 4.50 log units of Enterococci with an initial dose of 8 mg PAA L−1) compared to sunlight/H2O2 process (3.13 log units of E. coli and 2.45 log units of Enterococci with an initial dose of 100 mg H2O2 L−1) after 120 min of solar irradiation (7.42 kJ L−1 cumulative energy per unit of volume). It is noteworthy that significantly lower initial doses of PAA allowed to achieve a higher inactivation rate compared to H2O2, which makes sunlight/PAA an attractive option for wastewater disinfection in small communities
Fabio Formisano; Antonino Fiorentino; Luigi Rizzo; Maurizio Carotenuto; Luca Pucci; Maurizio Giugni; Giusy Lofrano. Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in urban wastewater by sunlight/PAA and sunlight/H 2 O 2 processes. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2016, 104, 178 -184.
AMA StyleFabio Formisano, Antonino Fiorentino, Luigi Rizzo, Maurizio Carotenuto, Luca Pucci, Maurizio Giugni, Giusy Lofrano. Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in urban wastewater by sunlight/PAA and sunlight/H 2 O 2 processes. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2016; 104 ():178-184.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabio Formisano; Antonino Fiorentino; Luigi Rizzo; Maurizio Carotenuto; Luca Pucci; Maurizio Giugni; Giusy Lofrano. 2016. "Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Enterococci in urban wastewater by sunlight/PAA and sunlight/H 2 O 2 processes." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 104, no. : 178-184.