Cerrahi’nin Tarihçesi Adem ASLAN Cerrahi Hastalarda Sıvı ve Elektrolit Yönetimi Tuba MERT Şok Burak UÇANER Cerrahi Enfeksiyon Oğuz HANÇERLİOĞULLARI Travma Cerrahisi Çağdaş KARAMAN Cerrahi Yara İyileşmesi Mehmet Sabri ÇİFTÇİ Cerrahi Kanama ve Transfüzyon Serdar ACAR Baş Boyun Cerrahisinde Yenilikler Seda SEZEN GÖKTAŞ Tiroid Hastalıklarına Yaklaşım Zeynep ANADOLULU Paratiroid Hastalıklarına Yaklaşım Murat ÖZKARA Benign Meme Hastalıklarına Yaklaşım Nimet SÜSLÜ Malign Meme Hastalıkları Cerrahisi Murat KARTAL Meme Kanserinde Sentinel Lenf Nodu Biyopsisi Furkan SAVAŞ Onkoplastik Meme Cerrahisi Hasan Turgut AYDIN Diyafragma Cerrahisi İsa KARACA Özofagus Kanseri Cerrahisi Mevlüt YORDANAGİL Akalazya: Tanı ve Tedavi Sacit Altuğ KESİKLİ Güncel Mide Cerrahisi Ali DURAN Midenin Selim Hastalıklarına Yaklaşım Mehmet ARSLAN Güncel Bariatrik Cerrahi Yunus YAPALAK Obezitenin Cerrahi Dışı Tedavi Yöntemleri Elnur HÜSEYNOV Safra Kesesi Cerrahisi Özkan SUBAŞI Safra Yolları Girişimleri Mirkhalig JAVADOV Emrah KARATAY Pankreas Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi Gökhan GARİP Açık ve Laparoskopik Splenektomi Erhan ERÖZ Sürrenal Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Baran MOLLAVELİOĞLU Güncel Apandisit Cerrahisi Sibel ÖZKARA Kasık Fıtığının Açık ve Laparoskopik Cerrahisi Murat DEMİR Ventral Herni Cerrahisi Abdullah AS Malign ve Benign Hastalıklarda Karaciğer Cerrahisi Seda BAŞTÜRK Karaciğer Kistlerinin Tedavisi Mevlüt Harun AĞCA Karaciğer Kistlerinde PAIR Uygulaması Mehmet Emin UNUTMAZ Endoskopik Retrograd Kolanjiyopankreatografi ERCP Mikail UYAN HIPEC, Sıcak Kemoterapi Gözde ERTUNÇ AÇIKGÖZ Transanal Endoskopik Mikrocerrahi (TEM) Serdar ACAR İnce Bağırsak Cerrahisi Serkan YILMAZ Gastrointestinal Sistem Kanamaları Mesud FAKİRULLAHOĞLU Hasar Kontrol Cerrahisi Sümeyra GÜLER Laparoskopik Diagnostik Girişimler Bilal TURAN Endsokopik Submukozal Diseksiyon Mehmet BİÇER Laparoskopik İnce Barsak Cerrahisi Mesut YUR Güncel Kolorektal Cerrahi Barış CANDAN Benign Kolorektal Hastalıklara Yaklaşım Osman AKDOĞAN Mehmet KARAHAN Rektal Prolapsus Cerrahisi Yasin Orhan ERKUŞ Karın Duvarı Tümörlerine Yaklaşım Göktürk GÜRSOY Proktolojide Güncel Tedavi Yöntemleri Muhammet Fikri KÜNDEŞ Transplantasyon Emil HÜSEYİNOĞLU Bahtiyar MUHAMMEDOĞLU Genel Cerrahide Lazer Teknolojisinin Kullanımı Şükran ÇAVDAR Murat Bulut ÖZKAN Cerrahi Komplikasyon Yönetimi Gizem FIRTINA Perkütan Abdominal Apse, Sıvı Drenajı Tuğberk BAŞTÜRK Cerrahide Stapler Teknolojisi ve Enerji Aletleri Oğuzhan ÇÖĞÜRLÜ Jinekolojide Minimal İnvaziv Cerrahi Burcu AYDIN BOYAMA İleri Endoskopik Girişimler Girayhan ÇELİK Anormal Uterin Kanama ve Cerrahisi Cansu ÖNAL KANBAŞ Endoscopik Ultrasonografi Mahmut Baran YERLİKAYA Batın Kapama Yöntemlerinde Yenilikler İbrahim KILINÇ Pelvik Taban Kusurlarında Cerrahi Uygulamalar Tamer TOPALOĞLU Omurga Cerrahisi Furkan SOY Halil GÖK Pediatrik Yaş Grubunda Pilonidal Sinüs Tedavisine Güncel Yaklaşımlar Gonca GERÇEL Ali İhsan ANADOLULU Pediatrik Minimal İnvaziv Uygulamalar Ali İhsan ANADOLULU Gonca GERÇEL Jinekolojik Onkolojik Aciller Nur Cansu YILMAZ BALDAN Cerrahide Anestezi Yönetimi Fatma OKUCU Robotik Cerrahi Teknolojisinin Gelişimi Berke MANOĞLU

Background/Objectives: Circulating biomarkers reflecting distinct aspects of tumor and host biology may provide complementary information in gastric cancer. We characterized serum R-Spondin-1, nesfatin-1, and irisin and explored whether their combined assessment improved case–control discrimination beyond individual markers. Methods: In this single-center case–control study, serum concentrations were measured by ELISA in 49 patients with histopathologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma and 50 age- and sex-frequency-matched apparently healthy controls; all samples were obtained before any gastric resection. Between-group differences were quantified using effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals. Associations with gastric cancer status were examined using Firth penalized logistic regression; discrimination was explored using ROC analysis with bootstrap internal validation. Results: R-Spondin-1 was higher in gastric cancer than in controls (14.03 ± 2.75 vs. 8.47 ± 2.48 ng/mL; Cohen’s d = 2.12), whereas nesfatin-1 (2.79 ± 0.88 vs. 4.19 ± 0.81 ng/mL; d = −1.65) and irisin (7.48 ± 2.18 vs. 11.52 ± 1.97 ng/mL; d = −1.95) were lower. Associations remained after adjustment. Individual AUCs were 0.926, 0.885, and 0.913; the exploratory three-marker signature yielded an AUC of 0.964 (95% CI 0.932–0.996) and an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.958. Results were materially similar in treatment-naive patients. Conclusions: Gastric cancer was associated with increased R-Spondin-1 and decreased nesfatin-1 and irisin. This pattern likely reflects tumor–host interaction, including mucosal and wasting-related contributions, rather than independent tumor-specific signals. These case–control estimates do not represent diagnostic accuracy, do not support early-detection use, and require prospective validation in clinically representative cohorts.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentations associated with ingested foreign bodies located in unusual regions of the gastrointestinal tract and to highlight the diagnostic challenges and management strategies encountered in such cases.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 96 patients who presented to the Department of General Surgery at Van Yuzuncu yıl University between January 2015 and December 2022 and were found to have foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract outside the esophagus and stomach. Demographic and clinical characteristics, type and localization of the foreign body, diagnostic methods, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Direct radiography and computed tomography were used for diagnostic evaluation. Treatment strategies were determined according to the patient’s clinical condition and included conservative follow-up, endoscopic removal, or surgical intervention.Results: The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (52.1%) and nausea or vomiting (34.4%). Foreign bodies were most frequently located in the terminal ileum (31.3%) and jejunum (22.9%). Metallic objects (28.1%) and bone fragments (22.9%) were the most commonly identified foreign bodies. Conservative management was applied in 40.6% of cases, endoscopic removal in 21.9%, and surgical intervention in 37.5%. Among surgically treated patients, the most common indications were perforation (44.4%) and mechanical obstruction (30.6%). No mortality occurred, and the early complication rate was 14.6%.Conclusions: Foreign bodies located in unusual gastrointestinal sites may present with atypical symptoms and lead to delayed diagnosis. Early recognition and timely intervention remain essential for reducing morbidity and preventing complications.

Objective: Although Bethesda II benign thyroid cytology is generally associated with a low risk of malignancy, false-negative results may occur in a subset of patients. Examining clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic characteristics may help characterize patients with malignancy despite benign cytology. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with postoperative malignancy in surgically treated patients with preoperative Bethesda II thyroid cytology. Materials and methods: This retrospective single-center study included patients who underwent thyroid surgery following a preoperative Bethesda II fine-needle aspiration biopsy result between January 2020 and December 2024. Demographic characteristics, thyroid function tests, inflammatory markers and ultrasonographic findings were retrospectively analyzed. EU-TIRADS classification was categorized as low risk (< 4) and high risk (≥ 4). Patients were divided into benign and malignant groups according to postoperative histopathological results. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with postoperative malignancy. Results: A total of 176 patients with Bethesda II cytology were included in the study. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed malignancy in 20 patients (11.4%). Patients in the postoperative malignant group were significantly younger than those in the benign group [29 years (IQR: 26.75–32) vs. 41 years (IQR: 35–49), p = 0.0006]. The rate of EU-TIRADS ≥ 4 was significantly higher in the malignant group (45.0% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.001). The malignancy rate was 7.4% in patients with EU-TIRADS < 4 and 32.1% in those with EU-TIRADS ≥ 4. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, younger age (OR: 0.918, 95% CI: 0.868–0.970, p = 0.002) and EU-TIRADS ≥ 4 classification (OR: 5.72, 95% CI: 2.01–16.27, p = 0.001) were independently associated with postoperative malignancy. Inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index and C-reactive protein were not significantly associated with malignancy. Conclusion: Younger age and EU-TIRADS ≥ 4 were associated with postoperative malignancy in this selected surgical cohort of patients with Bethesda II cytology. No statistically significant associations were observed for systemic inflammatory markers. These findings require confirmation in larger, prospective multicenter cohorts before their potential contribution to clinical risk assessment can be established.

Background and Objectives: Accurate identification of the internal opening is a key determinant of success in perianal fistula surgery, as missed openings are strongly associated with persistent infection and recurrence. Although magnetic resonance imaging provides detailed preoperative mapping, intraoperative confirmation relies largely on surgical judgment. This study evaluated the technical feasibility and early observed outcomes of flexible rectoscopy-guided identification of the internal opening during loose seton placement in patients with transsphincteric perianal fistula whose internal opening could not be localized by routine assessment or pelvic MRI. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective descriptive feasibility series included 44 adult patients with cryptoglandular transsphincteric perianal fistula who underwent loose seton placement. All included patients had an internal opening that could not be localized by routine preoperative assessment or pelvic MRI. Intraoperative flexible rectoscopy was used to identify the internal opening in relation to the dentate line. The primary endpoint was successful intraoperative visualization of the internal opening. Operative time, healing time, early follow-up outcomes, Wexner continence score and patient satisfaction were descriptively recorded. Results: The mean age was 41.00 ± 12.06 years and the mean BMI was 29.86 ± 3.65 kg/m². The internal opening was successfully visualized using flexible rectoscopy in all 44 patients (100%). Mean operative time was 6.66 ± 1.49 min and mean healing time was 59.45 ± 9.96 days. During the available 3–7-month early follow-up, no complications were documented, while recurrence occurred in one patient (2.3%) at the fourth postoperative month. The exact binomial 95% confidence interval for the observed recurrence rate was 0.06–12.02%. The median postoperative Wexner score was 0 (IQR 0–0; range 0–1). Conclusions: Flexible rectoscopy enabled intraoperative identification of the internal opening in all patients in this descriptive series and may represent a feasible adjunct when routine assessment and pelvic MRI fail to localize the opening. The absence of a comparator and the relatively short follow-up prevent conclusions regarding comparative accuracy, safety or recurrence reduction. Larger prospective comparative studies with long-term follow-up are required.

Objective: Radioguided parathyroidectomy using a handheld gamma probe is widely used to facilitate gland localization, yet its incremental value in routine primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) surgery especially in resource-limited settings—remains debated. We evaluated outcomes of parathyroidectomy performed with selective gamma probe use in a single center.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 50 consecutive patients undergoing parathyroid surgery in 2025. Preoperative localization relied on cervical ultrasound with or without sestamibi scintigraphy. Gamma probe guidance was used selectively at surgeon discretion. We compared operative and early biochemical outcomes between patients with and without gamma probe use. Continuous variables were compared with Welch’s t-test and categorical outcomes with Fisher’s exact test.Results: Gamma probe guidance was used in 14/50 patients (28%). Mean age was 54.6±6.9 years and 82% were female. Mean operative time was similar between groups (46.1±2.9 vs 44.4±6.7 min; p=0.239). Transient hypocalcemia occurred in 8 patients (16%), all in the non–gamma probe group (0% vs 22.2%; p=0.087), and no permanent hypocalcemia occurred. Early biochemical response, assessed by percent PTH reduction from baseline to postoperative measurement, was lower in the gamma probe group (mean 85.2% vs 90.5%; p=0.006).Conclusion: In this real-world single-center cohort, selective gamma probe use was not associated with shorter operative time and was likely used in more complex cases, possibly reflecting case complexity rather than an effect of radioguidance itself. Prospective studies are warranted to clarify which patient subgroups derive measurable benefit from radioguidance.