Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the organizational effectiveness of the introduction of a healthcare information system (electronic medical records and databases) in healthcare in Kazakhstan.Methods: The authors used a combination of 2 methods: expert assessment and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. SWOT analysis is a necessary element of research, constituting a mandatory preliminary stage both when drawing up strategic plans and for taking corrective measures in the future. The expert survey was conducted using 2 questionnaires.Results: The study involved 40 experts drawn from specialists in primary healthcare in Aktobe: 15 representatives of administrative and managerial personnel (chief doctors and their deputies, heads of medical statistics offices, organizational and methodological offices, and internal audit services) and 25 general practitioners.Conclusions: The following functional indicators of the medical and organizational effectiveness of the introduction of information systems in polyclinics were highlighted: first, improvement of administrative control, followed in descending order by registration and movement of medical documentation, statistical reporting and process results, and the cost of employees’ working time. There has been no reduction in financial costs, namely in terms of the costs of copying, delivery of information in paper form, technical equipment, and paper.

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a particularly high burden in Central Asian countries. Despite ongoing urbanization, rural populations constitute a significant demographic in this region, yet epidemiological data stratified by urban and rural residence are limited and fragmented. This systematic review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and risk factor profiles of CVDs among urban and rural populations in Central Asia, identify disparities, and inform targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Included studies reported cardiovascular health indicators with urban–rural stratification in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. Data extraction and qualitative synthesis were performed, with methodological quality assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: Eight original studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing national and regional datasets with diverse designs, including retrospective analyses, cross-sectional surveys, and registry data. Overall, CVD incidence and prevalence showed increasing trends in both urban and rural areas, with consistently higher mortality rates in urban populations. Key modifiable risk factors—hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking—were prevalent, particularly in rural settings. Variability in healthcare access and preventive program implementation contributed to the observed disparities. Limited data from some countries, particularly Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, highlight gaps in epidemiological surveillance. Conclusions: The cardiovascular disease burden in Central Asia demonstrates significant urban–rural disparities, underscoring the need for tailored public health interventions and enhanced healthcare resource allocation in rural regions. Strengthening epidemiological monitoring and implementing region-specific prevention programs targeting modifiable risk factors are imperative for reducing CVD morbidity and mortality. Further high-quality research is necessary to address existing data gaps and optimize cardiovascular health strategies across the region.

Background: Myopia in children is one of the key issues in paediatric ophthalmology, due to its high prevalence, tendency to progress, and the risk of serious complications. Despite the widespread use of spectacle correction, the question of the optimal degree of correction remains a matter of debate. Purpose: To assess the effect of various methods of spectacle correction on the rate of myopia progression in children. Materials and methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted involving 73 patients (146 eyes) aged 7–15 years. Patients were divided into three groups: full correction of the spherical and cylindrical components, incomplete spherical correction, and incomplete cylindrical correction. The primary outcome measure was the annual rate of myopia progression (D/year), calculated based on the change in the spherical equivalent of refraction. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s post-hoc test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The lowest rate of myopia progression was observed in the full correction group (−1.08 ± 0.53 D/year) compared with the incomplete spherical (−2.03 ± 1.13 D/year) and incomplete cylindrical correction groups (−1.99 ± 0.83 D/year). The differences between the groups were statistically significant (F = 10.824; p < 0.001). The effect size was η² = 0.24, corresponding to a large effect. Additional non-parametric analysis confirmed the results (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Full spectacle correction of myopia in children significantly reduces the rate of disease progression compared with partial correction and may be considered the preferred management strategy in clinical practice. Актуальность: Миопия у детей является одной из ключевых проблем детской офтальмологии, что обусловлено её высокой распространённостью, склонностью к прогрессированию и риском развития серьёзных осложнений. Несмотря на широкое применение очковой коррекции, вопрос оптимального объёма коррекции остаётся дискуссионным. Цель: Оценить влияние различных методов очковой коррекции на скорость прогрессирования миопии у детей. Материалы и методы: Проведено проспективное сравнительное исследование, включающее 73 пациента (146 глаз) в возрасте 7–15 лет. Пациенты были распределены на три группы: полная коррекция сферического и цилиндрического компонентов, неполная сферическая коррекция и неполная цилиндрическая коррекция. Основным показателем являлась годовая скорость прогрессирования миопии (D/год), рассчитанная по изменению сфероэквивалента рефракции. Статистический анализ включал однофакторный дисперсионный анализ (ANOVA), апостериорный анализ Tukey и критерий Краскала–Уоллиса. Результаты: Наименьшая скорость прогрессирования миопии выявлена в группе полной коррекции (−1,08 ± 0,53 D/год) по сравнению с неполной сферической (−2,03 ± 1,13 D/год) и неполной цилиндрической коррекцией (−1,99 ± 0,83 D/год) . Различия между группами статистически значимы (F = 10,824; p < 0,001). Величина эффекта составила η² = 0,24, что соответствует большому эффекту. Дополнительный непараметрический анализ подтвердил полученные результаты (p < 0,001). Заключение: Полная очковая коррекция миопии у детей ассоциирована со статистически значимо более низкой скоростью прогрессирования по сравнению с неполной коррекцией и может рассматриваться как предпочтительная стратегия ведения пациентов в клинической практике. Кіріспе: Балалардағы миопия – жоғары таралуы, өршу тенденциясы және ауыр асқынулардың қаупіне байланысты балалар офтальмологиясының басты мәселелерінің бірі. Көзілдірікпен түзетудің кеңінен қолданылуына қарамастан, түзетудің оңтайлы дәрежесін анықтау мәселесі әлі күнге дейін даулы болып отыр. Мақсаты: балалардағы миопияның өршу жылдамдығына әртүрлі көзілдірік түзету әдістерінің әсерін бағалау. Материалдар мен әдістер: 7–15 жас аралығындағы 73 науқас (146 көз) қатысқан проспективті салыстырмалы зерттеу жүргізілді. Науқастар сфералық және цилиндрлік компоненттерді толық түзету, сфералық түзетудің толық емес түрі және цилиндрлік түзетудің...

Background/Objectives: Mental health problems among university students represent a growing public health concern and are shaped by both psychological and socioeconomic determinants that may act independently and interactively. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the separate and combined effects of these determinants on depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological distress in higher education students. Methods: A structured and targeted search strategy using predefined keyword groups and Boolean combinations across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified 99 records, of which 19 duplicates were removed. After screening 80 titles and 52 abstracts, 34 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 30 studies were ultimately included in the final review. Data were extracted on study characteristics, mental health outcomes, psychological determinants, socioeconomic factors, and their interactions. Results: The included studies consistently showed that psychological factors, including resilience, coping strategies, loneliness, self-efficacy, and perceived control, were associated with mental health outcomes, with higher resilience and self-efficacy linked to lower levels of depression and anxiety, and maladaptive coping and loneliness associated with increased psychological distress. Socioeconomic determinants, including financial stress, low socioeconomic status, parental education, housing insecurity, and food insecurity also independently contributed to elevated risks of depression, anxiety, and stress. Importantly, several studies demonstrated an interaction between these domains, where socioeconomic disadvantage amplified the adverse effects of poor coping capacity, low resilience, and social isolation, whereas social support and adaptive coping mitigated these effects. Conclusions: Student mental health is influenced by both distinct and interacting psychological and socioeconomic mechanisms, emphasizing the need for integrated institutional strategies that address structural vulnerabilities alongside individual psychological resilience.

This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in mitigating acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with cardiac surgery in newborns. We analyzed data from 120 neonates up to 28 days old who developed AKI post-cardiac surgery and required PD. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26. Results indicated that PD patients were predominantly male (p = 0,007) with an average age of 12,87 days versus 9,32 days (p = 0,015), and an average weight of 3,06 kg compared to 2,76 kg (p = 0,040). Multivariate regression highlighted age (OR = 1,083, p = 0,032), cardiopulmonary bypass duration (OR = 1,081, p = 0,030), and RACHS-1 scores (OR = 4,785, p = 0,037) as significant predictors of PD initiation. Among PD patients, non-survivors had an average age of 10,31 days versus 18,00 days for survivors (p = 0,045), and an average weight of 2,94 kg versus 3,54 kg (p = 0,040). Non-survivors also had shorter cardiopulmonary bypass times (33,63 minutes versus 50,60 minutes, p = 0,036) and aortic cross-clamp times (22,77 minutes versus 26,50 minutes, p = 0,015). Multivariate analysis also showed that younger age (OR = 0,927, p = 0,009), lower weight (OR = 0,597, p = 0,006), higher RACHS-1 scores (OR = 0,432, p = 0,002), longer bypass (OR = 0,969, p = 0,001), and longer cross-clamp times (OR = 0,871, p = 0,007) predicted decreased survival. PD benefits include reduced AKI severity and enhanced survival, particularly in complex cases, despite an increased sepsis risk

Introduction:Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common IgE-mediated condition that significantly reduces quality of life. Conventional diagnostic methods do not always allow for the accurate identification of causative allergens, especially in cases of polysensitization. Objective: A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of two molecular allergy diagnostic methods—ImmunoCAP and immunochemiluminescent assay (ICLA)—in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods: A retrospective study involving 60 patients with confirmed AR was conducted. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and overall diagnostic performance of the methods were analyzed. Pearson’s chi-squared test, ROC analysis, and calculation of AUC were applied. Results: ImmunoCAP demonstrated a sensitivity of 87.8% and an AUC of 0.88. ICLA showed higher specificity (61.3%) and an AUC of 0.79. PPV was comparable (66.7% vs. 65.7%), whereas NPV was higher for ICLA (76.0% vs. 16.7%). The differences between the methods were statistically significant (p = 0.001). Conclusions:Both methods are valuable tools in the diagnosis of AR. ImmunoCAP is preferable for the initial detection of sensitization, while ICLA is more suitable for confirming clinically relevant allergy and minimizing false-positive results. Введение: Аллергический ринит (АР) — распространённое IgE-опосредованное заболевание, существенно снижающее качество жизни. Традиционные методы диагностики не всегда позволяют точно определить причинно-значимые аллергены, особенно при полисенсибилизации. Цель: Сравнительная оценка эффективности молекулярных методов диагностики аллергии ImmunoCAP и иммунохемилюминесцентного анализа (ИХЛА) у пациентов с аллергическим ринитом. Методы: Ретроспективное исследование с участием 60 пациентов с подтверждённым АР. Проанализированы чувствительность, специфичность, прогностические значения и диагностическая эффективность методов. Применялись χ²-критерий, ROC-анализ и расчёт AUC. Результаты: Чувствительность ImmunoCAP составила 87,8%, AUC – 0,88. ИХЛА показал большую специфичность (61,3%) и AUC – 0,79. PPV был сопоставимым (66,7% vs. 65,7%), тогда как NPV выше у ИХЛА (76,0% vs. 16,7%). Различия между методами статистически значимы (p = 0,001). Выводы: Оба метода являются ценными инструментами диагностики АР. ImmunoCAP предпочтителен при первичном выявлении сенсибилизации, ИХЛА — для подтверждения клинически значимой аллергии и снижения количества ложноположительных результатов. Кіріспе: Аллергиялық ринит – IgE-делдалды созылмалы қабыну ауруы. Көп жағдайда дәстүрлі диагностикалық әдістер себепші аллергенді дәл анықтауға мүмкіндік бермейді. Зерттеу мақсаты: Аллергиялық ринитпен ауыратын науқастарда ImmunoCAP және иммунды-хемилюминесценттік талдау (ИХЛА) әдістерінің диагностикалық тиімділігін салыстырып бағалау. Зерттеу әдістері: Алматы қаласындағы клиникада 60 науқасқа ретроспективті зерттеу жүргізілді. ROC-анализ, χ²-сынамасы, AUC, диагностикалық көрсеткіштер есептелді. Нәтижелері: ImmunoCAP сезімталдығы – 87,8%, AUC – 0,88. ИХЛА спецификалығы – 61,3%, AUC – 0,79. PPV салыстырмалы (66,7% пен 65,7%), ал NPV ИХЛА-да жоғары (76,0% пен 16,7%). Айырмашылықтар статистикалық тұрғыдан маңызды (p = 0,001). Қорытынды: Екі әдіс те аллергиялық ринитті диагностикалауда құнды. ImmunoCAP бастапқы скринингке лайық, ал ИХЛА нақты сенсибилизацияны растау үшін тиімді.