The generation of electrical energy depending on renewable sources is rapidly growing and gaining serious attention due to its green sustainability. With fewer adverse impacts on the environment, the sun is considered as a nearly infinite source of renewable energy in the production of electrical energy using photovoltaic devices. On the other end, organic photovoltaic (OPV) is the class of solar cells that offers several advantages such as mechanical flexibility, solution processability, environmental friendliness, and being lightweight. In this research, we demonstrate the manufacturing route for printed OPV device arrays based on conventional architecture and using inkjet printing technology over an industrial platform. Inkjet technology is presently considered to be one of the most matured digital manufacturing technologies because it offers inherent additive nature and last stage customization flexibility (if the main goal is to obtain custom design devices). In this research paper, commercially available electronically functional inks were carefully selected and then implemented to show the importance of compatibility between OPV material stacks and the device architecture. One of the main outcomes of this work is that the manufacturing of the OPV devices was accomplished using inkjet technology in massive numbers ranging up to 1500 containing different device sizes, all of which were deposited on a flexible polymeric film and under normal atmospheric conditions. In this investigation, it was found that with a set of correct functional materials and architecture, a manufacturing yield of more than 85% could be accomplished, which would reflect high manufacturing repeatability, deposition accuracy, and processability of the inkjet technology.

Herein, the inkjet printing of bioresorbable materials tuned to function as electrode, dielectric, and semiconductor layers is reported, thereby developing multilayered microelectronic devices such as capacitors and thin‐film transistors, potentially applicable to address specific medical needs. Polymers and natural materials, e.g., poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate), shellac, and β‐carotene, indigo inks are implemented using jettable formulations, that are either commercially procured or self‐formulated, designed explicitly to deposit fundamental layers for capacitors and transistors. Several parameters are evaluated and adjusted to precisely define a layer's thickness, topology, and geometry, matching with the properties of a fully biodegradable Ormocere substrate, explicitly developed for the specific biological applications. Furthermore, these parameters support in acquiring the intended electrical properties of layers, i.e., conductivity, insulation, semiconductivity, capacitance, and current versus voltage characteristics. The entire manufacturing process of devices is accomplished on the Ormocere substrate under ambient conditions and below 60 °C. The results exhibit that the electrical characteristics of the printed functional layers and devices show direct influence to the physical geometry of the printed features. A fully printed capacitor demonstrates capacitance of 1 nF cm⁻², whereas transistors show p‐type and n‐type characteristics with current 0.18–5 μA and mobility 6 × 10⁻⁴–7 × 10⁻² cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹.

All inkjet printed rectifying diodes based on a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) layer stack are presented. The rectifying properties were optimized by careful selection of the insulator interlayer thickness and the layout structure. The different diode architectures based on the following materials are investigated: (1) silver/poly (methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid)/polytriarylamine/silver, (2) silver/polytriarylamine/poly (methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid)/silver, and (3) silver/poly (methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid)/poly-triarylamine/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate). The MIS diodes show an averaged rectification ratio of 200 and reasonable forward current density reaching 40 mA cm⁻². They are suitable for a number of applications in flexible printed organic electronics.