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This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the research status of PM2.5 in subways over the past two decades.
Li Chang; Wen Tong Chong; Xinru Wang; Fei Pei; Xingxing Zhang; Tongzhao Wang; Chunqing Wang; Song Pan. Recent progress in research on PM2.5 in subways. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 2021, 23, 642 -663.
AMA StyleLi Chang, Wen Tong Chong, Xinru Wang, Fei Pei, Xingxing Zhang, Tongzhao Wang, Chunqing Wang, Song Pan. Recent progress in research on PM2.5 in subways. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 2021; 23 (5):642-663.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Chang; Wen Tong Chong; Xinru Wang; Fei Pei; Xingxing Zhang; Tongzhao Wang; Chunqing Wang; Song Pan. 2021. "Recent progress in research on PM2.5 in subways." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 23, no. 5: 642-663.
A data-driven model is used to analyse the global effects of biodiesel on the energy–water–food (EWF) nexus, and to understand the complex environmental correlation. Several criteria to measure the sustainability of biodiesel and four main limiting factors for biodiesel production are discussed in this paper. The limiting factors includes water stress, food stress, feedstock quantity and crude oil price. The 155-country model covers crude oil prices ranging from USD10/bbl to USD160/bbl, biodiesel refinery costs ranging from -USD0.30/L to USD0.30/L and 45 multi-generation biodiesel feedstocks. The model is capable of ascertaining changes arising from biodiesel adoption in terms of light-duty diesel engine emissions (NO, CO, UHC and smoke opacity), water stress index (WSI), dietary energy supply (DES), Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI) and short-term energy security. With the addition of potential biodiesel production, the renewable energy sector of global primary energy profile can increase by 0.43%, with maximum increment up to 10.97% for Malaysia. At current crude oil price of USD75/bbl and refinery cost of USD0.1/L, only Benin, Ireland and Togo can produce biodiesel profitably. The model also shows that water requirement varies non-linearly with multi-feedstock biodiesel production as blending ratio increases. Out of the 155 countries, biodiesel production is limited by feedstock quantity for 82 countries, 47 are limited by crude oil price, 20 by water stress and 6 by food stress. The results provide insights for governments to set up environmental policy guidelines, in implementing biodiesel technology as a cleaner alternative to diesel.
Cheng Tung Chong; Ting Yu Loe; Kang Yao Wong; Veeramuthu Ashokkumar; Su Shiung Lam; Wen Tong Chong; Aiduan Borrion; Bo Tian; Jo-Han Ng. Biodiesel sustainability: The global impact of potential biodiesel production on the energy–water–food (EWF) nexus. Environmental Technology & Innovation 2021, 22, 101408 .
AMA StyleCheng Tung Chong, Ting Yu Loe, Kang Yao Wong, Veeramuthu Ashokkumar, Su Shiung Lam, Wen Tong Chong, Aiduan Borrion, Bo Tian, Jo-Han Ng. Biodiesel sustainability: The global impact of potential biodiesel production on the energy–water–food (EWF) nexus. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 2021; 22 ():101408.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng Tung Chong; Ting Yu Loe; Kang Yao Wong; Veeramuthu Ashokkumar; Su Shiung Lam; Wen Tong Chong; Aiduan Borrion; Bo Tian; Jo-Han Ng. 2021. "Biodiesel sustainability: The global impact of potential biodiesel production on the energy–water–food (EWF) nexus." Environmental Technology & Innovation 22, no. : 101408.
Experiments were conducted to investigate the seabed scour holes due to the interaction between the twin-propeller jet and quay wall. Vertical quay wall was modelled by using a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic plate in a water tank. The relationship between the positions of the propeller and the vertical quay wall was designed according to the actual working conditions of a ship entering and leaving a port. Propeller-to-wall distance and rotational speed were changed to observe the various scour conditions. The scour depth was measured by using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). Primary scour hole was found within the jet downstream and secondary scour hole occurred beneath of the propeller. Third scour hole was found close to the quay wall due to horseshoe vortices. The maximum scour position of this third scour hole was found at the jet centre near the quay wall. Temporal formation of scour holes can be divided into three stages: axial scour formation, obstructed scour expansion and equilibrium stages. The quantitative relationships for six characteristic parameters of the scour pit were established including the maximum scour depth (εmax,q), maximum scour depth position (Xm,q), maximum scour width (Wm,q), length of main scour pit (XS,q), maximum deposition height (ZD,q), and location of maximum deposition height (XD,q).
Yonggang Cui; Wei Haur Lam; Zhi Chao Ong; Lloyd Ling; Chee Loon Siow; Desmond Robinson; Gerard Hamill. Experimental Scours by Impinging Twin-Propeller Jets at Quay Wall. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 2020, 8, 872 .
AMA StyleYonggang Cui, Wei Haur Lam, Zhi Chao Ong, Lloyd Ling, Chee Loon Siow, Desmond Robinson, Gerard Hamill. Experimental Scours by Impinging Twin-Propeller Jets at Quay Wall. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8 (11):872.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYonggang Cui; Wei Haur Lam; Zhi Chao Ong; Lloyd Ling; Chee Loon Siow; Desmond Robinson; Gerard Hamill. 2020. "Experimental Scours by Impinging Twin-Propeller Jets at Quay Wall." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11: 872.
Chest X-ray (CXR) interpretations are conducted in hospitals and medical facilities on daily basis. If the interpretation tasks were performed correctly, various vital medical conditions of patients can be revealed such as pneumonia, pneumothorax, interstitial lung disease, heart failure and bone fracture. The current practices often involve tedious manual processes dependent on the expertise of radiologist or consultant, thus, the execution is easily prone to human errors of being misdiagnosed. With the recent advances of deep learning and increased hardware computational power, researchers are working on various networks and algorithms to develop machines learning that can assists radiologists in their diagnosis and reduce the probability of misdiagnosis. This paper presents a review of deep learning advancements made in the field of chest radiography. It discusses single and multi-level localization and segmentation techniques adopted by researchers for higher accuracy and precision.
Anis Shazia; Khin Wee Lai; Joon Huang Chuah; Mohammad Ali Shoaib; Hamidreza Mohafez; Maryam Hadizadeh; Yan Ding; Zhi Chao Ong. An Overview of Deep Learning Approaches in Chest Radiograph. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 1 -1.
AMA StyleAnis Shazia, Khin Wee Lai, Joon Huang Chuah, Mohammad Ali Shoaib, Hamidreza Mohafez, Maryam Hadizadeh, Yan Ding, Zhi Chao Ong. An Overview of Deep Learning Approaches in Chest Radiograph. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnis Shazia; Khin Wee Lai; Joon Huang Chuah; Mohammad Ali Shoaib; Hamidreza Mohafez; Maryam Hadizadeh; Yan Ding; Zhi Chao Ong. 2020. "An Overview of Deep Learning Approaches in Chest Radiograph." IEEE Access 8, no. : 1-1.
A damage identification scheme combining impact-synchronous modal analysis (ISMA) and artificial neural network is developed in this study. The ISMA de-noising method makes it feasible to detect and classify the damage states with high accuracy when the machine is under operation. The feed-forward backprop network was utilized in this study. The input feature vector of the network consisted of the FRF changes in a selected vibrational mode frequency interval at several measurement points. The scheme was tested on a rectangular Perspex plate. It is proved that the trained network can successfully identify damage locations with the testing data collected by ISMA, which allows the damage detection to be carried out without shutting down the tested machine. For the plate structure in this study, an overall accuracy reached 100% when all five measurement points were used. With the input features optimized by mode shape assessment, 100% accuracy was also achieved with only two measurement points.
Shilei Chen; Zhi Chao Ong; Wei Haur Lam; Kok-Sing Lim; Khin Wee Lai. Operational Damage Identification Scheme Utilizing De-Noised Frequency Response Functions and Artificial Neural Network. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 2020, 39, 1 -9.
AMA StyleShilei Chen, Zhi Chao Ong, Wei Haur Lam, Kok-Sing Lim, Khin Wee Lai. Operational Damage Identification Scheme Utilizing De-Noised Frequency Response Functions and Artificial Neural Network. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation. 2020; 39 (3):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShilei Chen; Zhi Chao Ong; Wei Haur Lam; Kok-Sing Lim; Khin Wee Lai. 2020. "Operational Damage Identification Scheme Utilizing De-Noised Frequency Response Functions and Artificial Neural Network." Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 39, no. 3: 1-9.
In this paper, we present a vibration measurement system based on low-frequency cantilever-based FBG accelerometers (CFA) for a suspension bridge. Each accelerometer has an end-loaded cantilever beam, specifically tailored to achieve a uniform sensitivity for a frequency range of 0 to 4Hz, a suitable detection range for the vibration analysis. In the field test, seven CFAs were installed at specific positions along the deck of a 110m long suspension bridge for synchronous multipoint vibration measurements. The reflection spectra of the CFA array were recorded and processed using the pseudo-high resolution scheme to improve the signal quality and measurement accuracy. Three natural vibration frequencies: 1.15 Hz, 1.54 Hz and 3.17 Hz have been identified from the measurement. Following that, the acquired time-domain signals were processed by a digital bandpass filter to retrieve the waveform at each natural frequency to determine the corresponding mode shapes. The results are in agreement with the phase difference between the frequency domain signal for each natural frequency. This investigation has shown the feasibility of the proposed measurement system for determining the mode shapes and dynamic frequency analysis of a suspension bridge. It is a potential method for structural health monitoring for other similar civil structures.
Kok-Sing Lim; Muhammad Khairol Annuar Zaini; Zhi-Chao Ong; Fairul Zahri Mohamad Abas; Muhammad Aizi Bin Mat Salim; Harith Ahmad. Vibration Mode Analysis for a Suspension Bridge by Using Low-Frequency Cantilever-Based FBG Accelerometer Array. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2020, 70, 1 -8.
AMA StyleKok-Sing Lim, Muhammad Khairol Annuar Zaini, Zhi-Chao Ong, Fairul Zahri Mohamad Abas, Muhammad Aizi Bin Mat Salim, Harith Ahmad. Vibration Mode Analysis for a Suspension Bridge by Using Low-Frequency Cantilever-Based FBG Accelerometer Array. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2020; 70 (99):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKok-Sing Lim; Muhammad Khairol Annuar Zaini; Zhi-Chao Ong; Fairul Zahri Mohamad Abas; Muhammad Aizi Bin Mat Salim; Harith Ahmad. 2020. "Vibration Mode Analysis for a Suspension Bridge by Using Low-Frequency Cantilever-Based FBG Accelerometer Array." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70, no. 99: 1-8.
The production of maximum wind energy requires controlling various parts of medium to large-scale wind turbines (WTs). This paper presents a robust pitch angle control system for the rated wind turbine power at a wide range of simulated wind speeds by means of a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. In addition, ant colony optimization (ACO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and classical Ziegler–Nichols (Z-N) algorithms have been used for tuning the PID controller parameters to obtain within rated stable output power of WTs from fluctuating wind speeds. The proposed system is simulated under fast wind speed variation, and its results are compared with those of the PID-ZN controller and PID-PSO to verify its effeteness. The proposed approach contains several benefits including simple implementation, as well as tolerance of turbine parameters and several nonparametric uncertainties. Robust control of the generator output power with wind-speed variations can also be considered a significant advantage of this strategy. Theoretical analyses, as well as simulation results, indicate that the proposed controller can perform better in a wide range of wind speed compared with the PID-ZN and PID-PSO controllers. The WT model and hybrid controllers (PID-ACO and PID-PSO) have been developed in MATLAB/Simulink with validated controller models. The hybrid PID-ACO controller was found to be the most suitable in comparison to the PID-PSO and conventional PID. The root mean square (RMS) error calculated between the desired power and the WT’s output power with PID-ACO is found to be 0.00036, which is the smallest result among the studied controllers.
Rasel Sarkar; Sabariah Julai; Chong Wen Tong; Moslem Uddin; M.F. Romlie; Gm Shafiullah. Hybrid Pitch Angle Controller Approaches for Stable Wind Turbine Power under Variable Wind Speed. Energies 2020, 13, 3622 .
AMA StyleRasel Sarkar, Sabariah Julai, Chong Wen Tong, Moslem Uddin, M.F. Romlie, Gm Shafiullah. Hybrid Pitch Angle Controller Approaches for Stable Wind Turbine Power under Variable Wind Speed. Energies. 2020; 13 (14):3622.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasel Sarkar; Sabariah Julai; Chong Wen Tong; Moslem Uddin; M.F. Romlie; Gm Shafiullah. 2020. "Hybrid Pitch Angle Controller Approaches for Stable Wind Turbine Power under Variable Wind Speed." Energies 13, no. 14: 3622.
Vibrations are the root cause of many mechanical and civil structure failures. Dynamic characteristics of a structure must be extracted to better understand structural vibrational problems. Modal analysis is used to determine the dynamic characteristics of a system like natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. Some of the applications of modal analysis include damage detection, design of a structure/machine for dynamic loading conditions and structural health monitoring. The techniques used for modal analysis are experimental modal analysis (EMA), operational modal analysis (OMA) and a less known technique called impact synchronous modal analysis (ISMA), which is a new development. EMA is performed in simulated controlled environment, while OMA and ISMA are performed when the system is in operation. Although EMA is the oldest modal analysis technique, there is an increasing interest in operational modal analysis techniques in recent years. In this paper, operational modal analysis techniques OMA and ISMA are reviewed with their development over the years and their pros and cons discussed.
Fahad Bin Zahid; Zhi Chao Ong; Shin Yee Khoo. A review of operational modal analysis techniques for in-service modal identification. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2020, 42, 1 -18.
AMA StyleFahad Bin Zahid, Zhi Chao Ong, Shin Yee Khoo. A review of operational modal analysis techniques for in-service modal identification. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 2020; 42 (8):1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFahad Bin Zahid; Zhi Chao Ong; Shin Yee Khoo. 2020. "A review of operational modal analysis techniques for in-service modal identification." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 42, no. 8: 1-18.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have become a promising approach to generate cleaner and more sustainable electrical energy. Involvement of various disciplines had been contributing to enhance the performance of the MFCs. Factors affecting the performance such as chemical components, bacteria species, electrodes materials, flow interaction and electrical parts are being widely reviewed, however most of the research are highly field-specific without considering other important variables from different disciplines. In this study, Buckingham's Pi Theorem has been utilized to be implemented in the design pattern of MFCs. Several dominated variables of interest have also been pointed out including the design limitation. Modelling and application of Buckingham's Pi Theorem has been discussed as well which is useful for performance enhancement of MFCs and their application in wastewater treatment in the future.
Raymond Chong Ong Tang; Jer-Huan Jang; Tzu-Hsuan Lan; Jung-Chen Wu; Wei-Mon Yan; Thangavel Sangeetha; Chin-Tsan Wang; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Zhi Chao Ong. Review on design factors of microbial fuel cells using Buckingham's Pi Theorem. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, 130, 109878 .
AMA StyleRaymond Chong Ong Tang, Jer-Huan Jang, Tzu-Hsuan Lan, Jung-Chen Wu, Wei-Mon Yan, Thangavel Sangeetha, Chin-Tsan Wang, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Zhi Chao Ong. Review on design factors of microbial fuel cells using Buckingham's Pi Theorem. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2020; 130 ():109878.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaymond Chong Ong Tang; Jer-Huan Jang; Tzu-Hsuan Lan; Jung-Chen Wu; Wei-Mon Yan; Thangavel Sangeetha; Chin-Tsan Wang; Hwai Chyuan Ong; Zhi Chao Ong. 2020. "Review on design factors of microbial fuel cells using Buckingham's Pi Theorem." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 130, no. : 109878.
Predicting the velocity distribution of double horizontal axis tidal turbines (DHATTs) is significant for the effective development of tidal streams. This current research gives an account on double turbine wake theory and flow structure of DHATT connected to single support by using the joint axial momentum theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Characteristics of single turbine wake were previously studied with two theoretical equations predicting the initial upstream velocity closer to the turbine, and it’s lateral distributions along the downstream of the turbine. This current works agreed with the previous wake equations, which was used for predicting the velocity region along the downstream of the turbines. Flow field separating the two turbines is complicated in nature due to the indirect disturbance of turbines and no report was found on this central region. The Central region in the downstream flow is initially suppressed due to the blockage effects with a high velocity close to the free stream. Lateral expansion of two turbine wakes penetrated the central region with velocity reduction and followed by the flow recovery further downstream. This work provides more understandings of the wake and its central mixing region for double turbines with a proposed theoretical model.
Stephen Oppong; Wei-Haur Lam; Jianhua Guo; Leng Mui Tan; Zhi Chao Ong; Wah Yen Tey; Yun Fook Lee; Zaini Ujang; Ming Dai; Desmond Robinson; Gerard Hamill. Predictions of Wake and Central Mixing Region of Double Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 2020, 24, 1983 -1995.
AMA StyleStephen Oppong, Wei-Haur Lam, Jianhua Guo, Leng Mui Tan, Zhi Chao Ong, Wah Yen Tey, Yun Fook Lee, Zaini Ujang, Ming Dai, Desmond Robinson, Gerard Hamill. Predictions of Wake and Central Mixing Region of Double Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2020; 24 (7):1983-1995.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen Oppong; Wei-Haur Lam; Jianhua Guo; Leng Mui Tan; Zhi Chao Ong; Wah Yen Tey; Yun Fook Lee; Zaini Ujang; Ming Dai; Desmond Robinson; Gerard Hamill. 2020. "Predictions of Wake and Central Mixing Region of Double Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no. 7: 1983-1995.
Khoo Shin Yee; Lian Yee Cheng; Ong Zhi Chao; Zubaidah Ismail; Siamak Noroozi. Development and validation of experimental modal analysis with fixture-free oblique impact testing based on a vector projection method. Measurement Science and Technology 2020, 32, 015002 .
AMA StyleKhoo Shin Yee, Lian Yee Cheng, Ong Zhi Chao, Zubaidah Ismail, Siamak Noroozi. Development and validation of experimental modal analysis with fixture-free oblique impact testing based on a vector projection method. Measurement Science and Technology. 2020; 32 (1):015002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhoo Shin Yee; Lian Yee Cheng; Ong Zhi Chao; Zubaidah Ismail; Siamak Noroozi. 2020. "Development and validation of experimental modal analysis with fixture-free oblique impact testing based on a vector projection method." Measurement Science and Technology 32, no. 1: 015002.
Nowadays, increased interest among the scientific community to explore the Calophyllum inophyllum as alternative fuels for diesel engines is observed. This research is about using mixed Calophyllum inophyllum-palm oil biodiesel production and evaluation that biodiesel in a diesel engine. The Calophyllum inophyllum–palm oil methyl ester (CPME) is processed using the following procedure: (1) the crude Calophyllum inophyllum and palm oils are mixed at the same ratio of 50:50 volume %, (2) degumming, (3) acid-catalysed esterification, (4) purification, and (5) alkaline-catalysed transesterification. The results are indeed encouraging which satisfy the international standards, CPME shows the high heating value (37.9 MJ/kg) but lower kinematic viscosity (4.50 mm2/s) due to change the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition compared to Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester (CIME). The average results show that the blended fuels have higher Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and NOx emissions, lower Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), along with CO and HC emissions than diesel fuel over the entire range of speeds. Among the blends, CPME5 offered better performance compared to other fuels. It can be recommended that the CPME blend has great potential as an alternative fuel because of its excellent characteristics, better performance, and less harmful emission than CIME blends.
Natalina Damanik; Hwai Chyuan Ong; M. Mofijur; Chong Wen Tong; Arridina Susan Silitonga; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Abdi Hanra Sebayang; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Chin-Tsan Wang; Jer-Huan Jang. The Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum—Palm Biodiesel. Processes 2019, 7, 597 .
AMA StyleNatalina Damanik, Hwai Chyuan Ong, M. Mofijur, Chong Wen Tong, Arridina Susan Silitonga, Abd Halim Shamsuddin, Abdi Hanra Sebayang, Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, Chin-Tsan Wang, Jer-Huan Jang. The Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum—Palm Biodiesel. Processes. 2019; 7 (9):597.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalina Damanik; Hwai Chyuan Ong; M. Mofijur; Chong Wen Tong; Arridina Susan Silitonga; Abd Halim Shamsuddin; Abdi Hanra Sebayang; Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia; Chin-Tsan Wang; Jer-Huan Jang. 2019. "The Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Calophyllum inophyllum—Palm Biodiesel." Processes 7, no. 9: 597.
Biodiesel as an alternative to diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats has attracted more and more attention because it is renewable and environmentally friendly. Compared to conventional diesel fuel, biodiesel has slightly lower performance in engine combustion due to the lower calorific value that leads to lower power generated. This study investigates the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an additive to the rice bran methyl ester (RBME). Artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) was used for predicting the calorific value. The interaction effects of parameters such as dosage of MWCNTs, size of MWCNTs and reaction time on the calorific value of RBME were studied. Comparison of RSM and ANN performance was evaluated based on the correlation coefficient (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the average absolute deviation (AAD) showed that the ANN model had better performance (R2 = 0.9808, RMSE = 0.0164, MAPE = 0.0017, AAD = 0.173) compare to RSM (R2 = 0.9746, RMSE = 0.0170, MAPE = 0.0028, AAD = 0.279). The optimum predicted of RBME calorific value that is generated using the cuckoo search (CS) via lévy flight optimization algorithm is 41.78 (MJ/kg). The optimum value was obtained using 64 ppm of < 7 nm MWCNTs blending for 60 min. The predicted calorific value was validated experimentally as 41.05 MJ/kg. Furthermore, the experimental results have shown that the addition of MWCNTs was significantly increased the calorific value from 36.87 MJ/kg to 41.05 MJ/kg (11.6%). Also, the addition of MWCNTs decreased flashpoint (−18.3%) and acid value (−0.52%). As a conclusion, adding MWCNTs as an additive had improved the physicochemical properties characteristics of RBME. To our best knowledge, no research has yet been performed on the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes-additive in physicochemical property of rice brand methyl ester application so far.
Fitranto Kusumo; T.M.I. Mahlia; A.H. Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; A.R Ahmad; Z. Ismail; Z.C. Ong; A.S. Silitonga. The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Additive in Physicochemical Property of Rice Brand Methyl Ester: Optimization Analysis. Energies 2019, 12, 3291 .
AMA StyleFitranto Kusumo, T.M.I. Mahlia, A.H. Shamsuddin, Hwai Chyuan Ong, A.R Ahmad, Z. Ismail, Z.C. Ong, A.S. Silitonga. The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Additive in Physicochemical Property of Rice Brand Methyl Ester: Optimization Analysis. Energies. 2019; 12 (17):3291.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFitranto Kusumo; T.M.I. Mahlia; A.H. Shamsuddin; Hwai Chyuan Ong; A.R Ahmad; Z. Ismail; Z.C. Ong; A.S. Silitonga. 2019. "The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Additive in Physicochemical Property of Rice Brand Methyl Ester: Optimization Analysis." Energies 12, no. 17: 3291.
Wind power has gained interest of research over past decades as renewable energy solution. Vibration controller is usually installed to mitigate vibration while part of structural vibration is potential to be harvested as regenerative energy source using vibration energy harvester and supplied to vibration controller to create a self-powered system. This study aims to develop a novel two-stage multimodal piezoelectric cantilever energy harvester system design to harness vibration of low-frequency range (<10Hz). The primary system consists of a height-adjustable fixture, two metallic cantilever beams with different tip mass to achieve low natural frequency whereas the secondary system consists of a cantilever piezoelectric bimorph plate. Prototype of the proposed design is fabricated, and the experimental results indicate that setting the gap at 1cm between primary and secondary systems improves voltage generation by 82.83%-349.87%. The operational bandwidth of two-stage multimodal system is also extended to the range of 5.5Hz to 7.0Hz.
Z.C. Ong; Y.X. Ooi; S.Y. Khoo; Y.H. Huang. Two-stage multi-modal system for low frequency and wide bandwidth vibration energy harvesting. Measurement 2019, 149, 106981 .
AMA StyleZ.C. Ong, Y.X. Ooi, S.Y. Khoo, Y.H. Huang. Two-stage multi-modal system for low frequency and wide bandwidth vibration energy harvesting. Measurement. 2019; 149 ():106981.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZ.C. Ong; Y.X. Ooi; S.Y. Khoo; Y.H. Huang. 2019. "Two-stage multi-modal system for low frequency and wide bandwidth vibration energy harvesting." Measurement 149, no. : 106981.
An improvement on modal analysis technique is always exacerbated by the limitation on both operational modal analysis (OMA) and experimental modal analysis (EMA). In a recent year, a novel method was introduced named impact-synchronous modal analysis (ISMA) which represents a magnificent achievement in this field. The efficiency of this method as a viable option for EMA and OMA is proven in previous research. However, a quick and straightforward real-time ISMA method is desired as the current procedure is labour-intensive and time-consuming due to the lack of control on the impact timing with respect to phase angle of the disturbances. Thus, the aim of this paper is to identify the significance of phase difference information between acceleration response and cyclic load component in eliminating the disturbances through impact-synchronous time averaging. The paper presented a phase selection assessment, and the results showed that a few averages, (i.e. four averages) are sufficient to filter out the disturbances by 72–80% of dominant periodic response due to cyclic load and over 50% reduction for second harmonic, when the phase angles with respect to the impact are inconsistent for each impact applied. A better modal identification result is obtained through a straightforward way of eliminating the periodic response. Thus, the estimated frequency response function is strongly enhanced and good correlation is observed between modal extraction data and benchmark EMA result.
Zhi Chao Ong; Hong Cheet Lim; Anders Brandt; Zubaidah Ismail; Shin Yee Khoo. An inconsistent phase selection assessment for harmonic peaks elimination in operational modal testing. Archive of Applied Mechanics 2019, 89, 2415 -2430.
AMA StyleZhi Chao Ong, Hong Cheet Lim, Anders Brandt, Zubaidah Ismail, Shin Yee Khoo. An inconsistent phase selection assessment for harmonic peaks elimination in operational modal testing. Archive of Applied Mechanics. 2019; 89 (12):2415-2430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhi Chao Ong; Hong Cheet Lim; Anders Brandt; Zubaidah Ismail; Shin Yee Khoo. 2019. "An inconsistent phase selection assessment for harmonic peaks elimination in operational modal testing." Archive of Applied Mechanics 89, no. 12: 2415-2430.
A different identification method for isotropic and composite materials, known as, the two-stage meta-heuristic hybrid GA-ACO-PSO optimization method which involves the use of the natural frequency error function in the first stage, followed by the use of the frequency response function (FRF) error function in the second stage, has been proposed. A two-stage approach is suggested along with a two-level FRF selection scheme to mitigate the effects due to uncertainties as well as to improve the identifiability of the in-plane shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The emphasis is placed on the implementation of the two-level FRF selection scheme on account of its pivotal role in ensuring more accurate outcomes. A discernible reduction (33 % at most) can be observed in the absolute percentage errors of the in-plane shear modulus and Poisson's ratio from the first to second stages of identification, which consequently, acknowledges the feasibility of the proposed approach in improving the identifiability of the aforementioned parameters. As compared with conventional destructive methods, the proposed method can be technically useful for industrial applications, especially in the manufacturing industry and construction industry, where operational time and cost are the primary concerns.
Jun Hui Tam; Zhi Chao Ong; Kye Wenn Ho. Composite material identification using a two-stage meta-heuristic hybrid approach incorporated with a two-level FRF selection scheme. Journal of Sound and Vibration 2019, 456, 407 -430.
AMA StyleJun Hui Tam, Zhi Chao Ong, Kye Wenn Ho. Composite material identification using a two-stage meta-heuristic hybrid approach incorporated with a two-level FRF selection scheme. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2019; 456 ():407-430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJun Hui Tam; Zhi Chao Ong; Kye Wenn Ho. 2019. "Composite material identification using a two-stage meta-heuristic hybrid approach incorporated with a two-level FRF selection scheme." Journal of Sound and Vibration 456, no. : 407-430.
Flow-induced vibrations are a major problem in all oil and gas processing industries, so all piping systems which work non-stop for 24/7 require regular condition monitoring and inspection to assess changes in their dynamic characteristics and structural integrity in order to prevent catastrophic failures. A novel method of non-destructive testing and evaluation of these pipes, while in service, is proposed in this paper. The method enables early detection of the root causes and pinpoints the location of the impending failure due to excess vibration as a result of cyclic force induced by the flow prior to condition-based maintenance procedures. The technique relies on the combined application of Operating Deflection Shapes (ODS) analysis and computational mechanics utilizing Finite Element Analysis (FEA), i.e. linear elastic stress analysis. The effect on vibration levels on the in-service pipes is assessed and verified. The effect of any change in the forces corresponding to changes in the Differential Pressure (DP) at a constant flow rate through the pipes can then be estimated. It was concluded that maintaining the differential pressure above some “critical” threshold ensures the pipe operates under the allowable dynamic stress for a theoretically “indefinite” life cycle.
S. Noroozi; A. G. A. Rahman; H. C. Eng; M. Dupac; Z. C. Ong; S. Y. Khoo; Keen Kuan Kong. A novel investigation into the application of non-destructive evaluation for vibration assessment and analysis of in-service pipes. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation 2019, 34, 413 -428.
AMA StyleS. Noroozi, A. G. A. Rahman, H. C. Eng, M. Dupac, Z. C. Ong, S. Y. Khoo, Keen Kuan Kong. A novel investigation into the application of non-destructive evaluation for vibration assessment and analysis of in-service pipes. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation. 2019; 34 (4):413-428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Noroozi; A. G. A. Rahman; H. C. Eng; M. Dupac; Z. C. Ong; S. Y. Khoo; Keen Kuan Kong. 2019. "A novel investigation into the application of non-destructive evaluation for vibration assessment and analysis of in-service pipes." Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation 34, no. 4: 413-428.
A technical, environmental, and economic feasibility study for a patented hybrid renewable energy harvester system for residential application is conducted in this paper. This system can be mounted on top of an existing residential building to provide electricity from renewable sources. The system is characterized by its V-shaped roof guide vane (VRGV) that directs and augments airflow into the wind turbine, to enhance the rotational and power generation performance of the wind turbines in low wind speed areas. Furthermore, the VRGV increases the installation area for the solar photovoltaic panels and expand the rainwater collection area for the building, and facilitates natural ventilation and prevents excessive solar radiation into the room. The environment–economic evaluation of the system is conducted based on the life-cycle cost (LCC) in terms of low carbon and economic cost-effectiveness. The evaluation of the system with dimensions of 15 m (L) × 16 m (W) × 17.05 m (H) showed that the annual energy generated is 21.130 MWh. Annual low-carbon benefit of the system is estimated to be 11.894 t. The cumulative net present value (NPV) of the system in the life cycle time (20 years) is $52,207.247, with the consideration of a discount rate of 8%; also, the cash flow breakeven occurs in the 11th year. It is important to note that the carbon payback period (CPP) of the system is five years.
Xiaohang Wang; Wentong Chong; Kokhoe Wong; Saihin Lai; Liphuat Saw; Xianbo Xiang; Chin-Tsan Wang. Preliminary Techno–Environment–Economic Evaluation of an Innovative Hybrid Renewable Energy Harvester System for Residential Application. Energies 2019, 12, 1496 .
AMA StyleXiaohang Wang, Wentong Chong, Kokhoe Wong, Saihin Lai, Liphuat Saw, Xianbo Xiang, Chin-Tsan Wang. Preliminary Techno–Environment–Economic Evaluation of an Innovative Hybrid Renewable Energy Harvester System for Residential Application. Energies. 2019; 12 (8):1496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaohang Wang; Wentong Chong; Kokhoe Wong; Saihin Lai; Liphuat Saw; Xianbo Xiang; Chin-Tsan Wang. 2019. "Preliminary Techno–Environment–Economic Evaluation of an Innovative Hybrid Renewable Energy Harvester System for Residential Application." Energies 12, no. 8: 1496.
Blade design of the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is an important parameter that determines the reliability and efficiency of a wind turbine. It is important to optimize the capture of the energy in the wind that can be correlated to the power coefficient ( C p ) of HAWT system. In this paper, nature-inspired algorithms, e.g., ant colony optimization (ACO), artificial bee colony (ABC), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to search for the blade parameters that can give the maximum value of C p for HAWT. The parameters are tip speed ratio, blade radius, lift to drag ratio, solidity ratio, and chord length. The performance of these three algorithms in obtaining the optimal blade design based on the C p are investigated and compared. In addition, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface (ANFIS) approach is implemented to predict the C p of wind turbine blades for investigation of algorithm performance based on the coefficient determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The optimized blade design parameters are validated with experimental results from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). It was found that the optimized blade design parameters were obtained using an ABC algorithm with the maximum value power coefficient higher than ACO and PSO. The predicted C p using ANFIS-ABC also outperformed the ANFIS-ACO and ANFIS-PSO. The difference between optimized and predicted is very small which implies the effectiveness of nature-inspired algorithms in this application. In addition, the value of RMSE and R2 of the ABC-ANFIS algorithm were lower (indicating that the result obtained is more accurate) than the ACO and PSO algorithms.
Rasel Sarkar; Sabariah Julai; Chong Wen Tong; Siti Fauziah Toha. Effectiveness of Nature-Inspired Algorithms using ANFIS for Blade Design Optimization and Wind Turbine Efficiency. Symmetry 2019, 11, 456 .
AMA StyleRasel Sarkar, Sabariah Julai, Chong Wen Tong, Siti Fauziah Toha. Effectiveness of Nature-Inspired Algorithms using ANFIS for Blade Design Optimization and Wind Turbine Efficiency. Symmetry. 2019; 11 (4):456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasel Sarkar; Sabariah Julai; Chong Wen Tong; Siti Fauziah Toha. 2019. "Effectiveness of Nature-Inspired Algorithms using ANFIS for Blade Design Optimization and Wind Turbine Efficiency." Symmetry 11, no. 4: 456.
Since wind power is directly influenced by wind speed, long-term wind speed forecasting (WSF) plays an important role for wind farm installation. WSF is essential for controlling, energy management and scheduled wind power generation in wind farm. The proposed investigation in this paper provides 30-days-ahead WSF. Nonlinear Autoregressive (NAR) and Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX) Neural Network (NN) with different network settings have been used to facilitate the wind power generation. The essence of this study is that it compares the effect of activation functions (namely, tansig and logsig) in the performance of time series forecasting since activation function is the core element of any artificial neural network model. A set of wind speed data was collected from different meteorological stations in Malaysia, situated in Kuala Lumpur, Kuantan, and Melaka. The proposed activation functions tansig of NARNN and NARXNN resulted in promising outcomes in terms of very small error between actual and predicted wind speed as well as the comparison for the logsig transfer function results.
Rasel Sarkar; Sabariah Julai; Sazzad Hossain; Wen Tong Chong; Mahmudur Rahman. A Comparative Study of Activation Functions of NAR and NARX Neural Network for Long-Term Wind Speed Forecasting in Malaysia. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019, 2019, 1 -14.
AMA StyleRasel Sarkar, Sabariah Julai, Sazzad Hossain, Wen Tong Chong, Mahmudur Rahman. A Comparative Study of Activation Functions of NAR and NARX Neural Network for Long-Term Wind Speed Forecasting in Malaysia. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2019; 2019 ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasel Sarkar; Sabariah Julai; Sazzad Hossain; Wen Tong Chong; Mahmudur Rahman. 2019. "A Comparative Study of Activation Functions of NAR and NARX Neural Network for Long-Term Wind Speed Forecasting in Malaysia." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019, no. : 1-14.