The objective of the research is to implement a graphical interface using an empirical model to estimate the values of the ultraviolet index. This tool is intended to inform the population about elevated UV index levels, allowing them to take appropriate preventive measures. The model depends on the cosine variable of the zenith angle and the ozone layer in UD units for the place and date. For which the MATLAB GUI was used for the implementation using the editable text and button options to carry out calculation processes and graphics. It was possible to implement the graphical interface based on the empirical model which allows graphical analysis to be carried out and the behavior of the ultraviolet index values to be observed. Obtaining maximum daily values and for one-hour intervals.

This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of mining activity on the Human Development Index (HDI) at the district level in Peru during 2009–2024. The research addresses whether mining activity contributes to local human development and whether its benefits extend beyond mining-producing districts through spatial spillover effects. Using a balanced panel dataset of 13,118 observations from 1,874 Peruvian districts, a spatial random-effects model based on a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) specification is estimated. The empirical model incorporates the effects of mining activity, the State Density Index (IDE), and education, while controlling for spatial dependence among neighboring districts. The results provide strong evidence that mining activity has both local and spatial effects on human development. The direct effect of mining activity is positive and statistically significant (0.0231; p< 0.001)), indicating that districts with mining activity tend to achieve higher HDI levels. Furthermore, the indirect spatial effect is also positive and significant (0.0428; p=0.001), demonstrating that mining generates benefits that extend to neighboring districts through regional economic linkages, infrastructure development, labor markets, and public investment channels. The model also reveals a strong spatial dependence of human development (0.811; p< 0.001), confirming that district-level development outcomes are geographically interconnected. Additionally, state presence and education emerge as important determinants of human development. The State Density Index has a positive and significant effect on HDI (0.0418; p< 0.001)), while education presents the largest estimated effect ((0.2429; p< 0.001)). These findings indicate that mining activity contributes to human development, but its impact depends on the institutional capacity of the State and investments in human capital. The study concludes that mining should be understood as a territorial development factor whose benefits can spread beyond administrative boundaries, highlighting the importance of spatially coordinated public policies to transform natural resource revenues into sustainable improvements in human well-being.

The objective of this study is to determine the environmental factors and morphological characteristics of the free-living microorganisms of the Utcubamba River, a study that was carried out along the Utcubamba River from the sampling point: Puente Bagua Grande, Trayec1, Bagua Chica, Dist Milagros1, Milagros2 of the Amazonas Region Peru. Using the quantitative and descriptive methodology, data collected in situ such as T°, pH, E.C., TDS, Salinity and the morphological characteristics of microorganisms divided into free-living groups determined in the laboratory of the University and as an environmental instrument, the ECAs of water for rivers were used; carried over a period of six months. As a result, the pH fluctuates between 8.98 found in the Milagros River1 and 7.45 recorded under Puente Bagua Grande with an average of 8.30. The maximum temperature is 27.7 °C recorded in the Bagua Chica River and the minimum is 21.5 °C obtained in the Milagros River2 with an average of 24.5 °C. C.E. fluctuates between 490 mmhos/cm recorded in the Bagua Chica River and 139.2 mmhos/cm obtained in the Puente Bagua Grande River with an average of 331.3 mmhos/cm. TDS fluctuates between 342 mg/l obtained in the Bagua Chica River and 97.3 mg/l found in the Puente Bagua Grande site with an average of 232.3 mg/l; Salinity fluctuates from 0.00 to 0.2 g/l which is obtained in the 05 sampling points with an average of 0.18 g/l and in characterization of the microorganisms there is in the Group of Protozoa: Vorticella, Paramecium, Amoeba, Tetrahymen, Group of Algae: Euglena, Cosmarium, Diatomaceae, Zygnema and in Metazoan Group: Daphnia, Rotiferos is observed in all samplings. Scianoficeae Group: Spirulina, Nostoc sp, Oscillatoria; Chlorophyta Group: We only have Pediastrum. In conclusion, in the analysis of variance in the environmental parameters for the aforementioned places, the interpretation in Rows does not exist significant difference and for columns there is a highly significant difference, therefore, the hypothesis is rejected.