Es importante el estudio de la disponibilidad de energías renovables y en particular el eólico para su valorización. Por lo que este artículo analiza el potencial de la energía eólica de un sitio ubicado en el sur del Perú (Laraqueri), utilizando datos de viento de 2020 a una altura de 10 metros sobre el nivel del suelo. Se utilizaron dos métodos numéricos para estimar los parámetros de la función de distribución de Weibull y se calculó la densidad de potencia para cada mes. También se calculó el grado de error de la función de Weibull con los datos observados. Se concluye que, la ubicación propuesta es apropiada para la generación de energía eólica de baja potencia y la metodología propuesta se puede utilizar en otros lugares.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity represent a growing public health problem in Peru, with significant consequences for both individual and collective health. Various individual factors, such as physical activity, age, and sex, influence the likelihood of developing excess weight in the adult population. Objectives: To analyze the effect of physical activity on the probability of being overweight or obese among Peruvian adults, using nationally representative data. Methodology: A probit regression model was used to estimate the adjusted probability of excess weight based on individual characteristics. Data were obtained from the National Nutrition and Health Survey (2017–2018), which includes sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle information from Peruvian adults. Results: Vigorous physical activity was negatively and significantly associated with excess weight: individuals who engaged in this type of activity had a 7.4 percentage point lower probability of being overweight or obese. Age showed a positive and non-linear relationship with excess weight, following an inverted U-shaped curve. Additionally, men had an 8.3 percentage point lower probability of being overweight or obese compared to women. Discussion: These findings are consistent with previous research identifying physical activity as a protective factor. They also highlight significant differences by sex and age, which should be considered in public health interventions. Conclusions: Promoting vigorous physical activity, especially among women and young adults, is essential to prevent overweight and obesity in the Peruvian adult population.

Objetivo. El estudio tiene como objetivo medir el efecto de la actividad física sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia abdominal en adultos. Método. Se emplea una metodología cuantitativa, utilizando modelos de regresión lineal múltiple estimados mediante mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO). Los datos provienen de la Encuesta de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (VIANEV) realizada en Perú. Resultados. La actividad física de alta intensidad tiene un efecto negativo y estadísticamente significativo sobre el IMC (-0.74 unidades) y la circunferencia abdominal (-2.19 cm), lo que indica un impacto positivo en la reducción del exceso de peso y grasa abdominal. Se observa además una relación no lineal entre la edad y los resultados, con aumentos en la adultez temprana y una tendencia a estabilizarse posteriormente. El consumo de alcohol se asocia con mayores niveles de IMC y circunferencia abdominal, mientras que el sexo masculino muestra un efecto significativo únicamente sobre el IMC. Conclusiones. La actividad física intensa contribuye de manera efectiva a disminuir el IMC y la circunferencia abdominal, lo que resalta su importancia en la prevención del sobrepeso y enfermedades relacionadas. Otros factores como la edad y el consumo de alcohol también influyen en estos indicadores de salud.

This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of mining activity on the Human Development Index (HDI) at the district level in Peru during 2009–2024. The research addresses whether mining activity contributes to local human development and whether its benefits extend beyond mining-producing districts through spatial spillover effects. Using a balanced panel dataset of 13,118 observations from 1,874 Peruvian districts, a spatial random-effects model based on a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) specification is estimated. The empirical model incorporates the effects of mining activity, the State Density Index (IDE), and education, while controlling for spatial dependence among neighboring districts. The results provide strong evidence that mining activity has both local and spatial effects on human development. The direct effect of mining activity is positive and statistically significant (0.0231; p< 0.001)), indicating that districts with mining activity tend to achieve higher HDI levels. Furthermore, the indirect spatial effect is also positive and significant (0.0428; p=0.001), demonstrating that mining generates benefits that extend to neighboring districts through regional economic linkages, infrastructure development, labor markets, and public investment channels. The model also reveals a strong spatial dependence of human development (0.811; p< 0.001), confirming that district-level development outcomes are geographically interconnected. Additionally, state presence and education emerge as important determinants of human development. The State Density Index has a positive and significant effect on HDI (0.0418; p< 0.001)), while education presents the largest estimated effect ((0.2429; p< 0.001)). These findings indicate that mining activity contributes to human development, but its impact depends on the institutional capacity of the State and investments in human capital. The study concludes that mining should be understood as a territorial development factor whose benefits can spread beyond administrative boundaries, highlighting the importance of spatially coordinated public policies to transform natural resource revenues into sustainable improvements in human well-being.

This paper proposes an electrical active power optimization for self-excited induction generator-wind turbine system (SEIG-WTS) using a perturb and observe (PO)-based maximum power point tracking. The main advantage is the optimization of the SEIG active power of SEIG-WTS and the simply practical implementation with rotor speed sensor, current sensor and three phase inverter. The active power optimization of SEIG-WTS is achieved by perturbing angular magnetic field speed with stator reference voltage. To test the effectiveness of the proposal, numeric simulations were carried out under very challenging conditions with wind speed profile in steps and actual wind speed profile. The proposal reaches the maximum power in 7 seconds for hardest condition when the system works at high rotor speed. The proposal is useful for the development of maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) controllers due to its simplicity in implementation.This paper proposes an electrical active power optimization for self-excited induction generator-wind turbine system (SEIG-WTS) using a perturb and observe (PO)-based maximum power point tracking. The main advantage is the optimization of the SEIG active power of SEIG-WTS and the simply practical implementation with rotor speed sensor, current sensor and three phase inverter. The active power optimization of SEIG-WTS is achieved by perturbing angular magnetic field speed with stator reference voltage. To test the effectiveness of the proposal, numeric simulations were carried out under very challenging conditions with wind speed profile in steps and actual wind speed profile. The proposal reaches the maximum power in 7 seconds for hardest condition when the system works at high rotor speed. The proposal is useful for the development of maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) controllers due to its simplicity in implementation.