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I.K. Kalavrouziotis
School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, 26335 Patras, Greece

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Journal article
Published: 07 August 2021 in Water
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Thirty soil samples were collected from fields that have been used for cultivating watermelons and canning tomatoes for over 10 years. The microplastics (MPs) within these samples were separated with a density floatation method and the use of sieves and filters. The microplastics found were black and originated from the black agricultural mulch film (BMF) used in these cultivations. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy revealed that these microplastics are of the same material as the virgin BMF and as a virgin polyethylene film used as blank. SEM images showed that used BMF and MPs found in soil were oxidized by their exposure to sunlight and create fibrous edges that lead to the creation of smaller size MPs. The number of MPs found in fields with watermelon (301 ± 140 items kg−1) were more than four times higher than in fields with canning tomatoes (69 ± 38 items kg−1) due to the double planting each year and to the second planting last year being closer to the sampling episode. All the sample sites were collected from agricultural fields away from the industrial area; therefore, these results prove that agricultural activities might have caused contamination of soils with MPs. This is corroborated even more by the fact that no MPs were found in five extra samples that were taken from uncultivated areas as blanks.

ACS Style

Ekavi Isari; Dimitrios Papaioannou; Ioannis Kalavrouziotis; Hrissi Karapanagioti. Microplastics in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study in Cultivation of Watermelons and Canning Tomatoes. Water 2021, 13, 2168 .

AMA Style

Ekavi Isari, Dimitrios Papaioannou, Ioannis Kalavrouziotis, Hrissi Karapanagioti. Microplastics in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study in Cultivation of Watermelons and Canning Tomatoes. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ekavi Isari; Dimitrios Papaioannou; Ioannis Kalavrouziotis; Hrissi Karapanagioti. 2021. "Microplastics in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study in Cultivation of Watermelons and Canning Tomatoes." Water 13, no. 16: 2168.

Article
Published: 18 August 2020 in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
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In the present work, the interaction between temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction was studied in the atmosphere of Patras port, and the following were found: The interaction between temperature and air particle concentration was synergistic in the absence of wind direction, this result being however false. The actual effect of temperature in the presence of wind direction was antagonistic in line with most of the authors of the international bibliography; i.e., increase of the temperature level resulted in a decrease of particle concentration per unit volume (cm3). On the other hand, increase of the relative humidity increased the particle concentration per cm3, while the interaction between temperature and relative humidity was also antagonistic; i.e., increase of temperature decreased accordingly the relative humidity, and vice versa. Similarly, the interaction between wind speed and relative humidity was also antagonistic and statistically significant. It is emphasized that the wind direction played an important role in determining the antagonistic or synergistic nature of the interactions between the meteorological factors, and especially, in controlling quantitatively the results (or outcomes), of the above interactions.

ACS Style

Aikaterini N. Apostolopoulou; Prodromos H. Koukoulakis; Spyridon Kyritsis; Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis; Soterios P. Varnavas. The Role of Meteorological Factors in the Air Particulate Matter of the Patras Port Atmosphere, Greece. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2020, 231, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Aikaterini N. Apostolopoulou, Prodromos H. Koukoulakis, Spyridon Kyritsis, Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis, Soterios P. Varnavas. The Role of Meteorological Factors in the Air Particulate Matter of the Patras Port Atmosphere, Greece. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2020; 231 (9):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aikaterini N. Apostolopoulou; Prodromos H. Koukoulakis; Spyridon Kyritsis; Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis; Soterios P. Varnavas. 2020. "The Role of Meteorological Factors in the Air Particulate Matter of the Patras Port Atmosphere, Greece." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231, no. 9: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Sustainability
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The purpose of this study is to promote a new way of application composite materials to restore eutrophic waters. A new sustainable way of application is based on the “teabag” method, in which materials were placed in water-permeable bags and immersed in the water column in order to sorb phosphate—one of the main contributory element for the eutrophication problem. Particularly, the two composites materials of Phoslock™ (lanthanum-modified bentonite, LMB) and Bephos™ (Fe-modified bentonite, f-MB) were tested and bench-scale batch experiments were employed to investigate their sorption efficiency in the forms of slurry and teabag. The adsorption kinetics and the relevant adsorption isotherms were deployed, while the effect of the materials on turbidity and their aging were also investigated. Experimental results showed that Phoslock™ and Bephos™ (as teabag), being applied at initial concentration range: 0.05–5 mg/L, they sustained a maximum adsorption capacity of 7.80 mg/g and 25.1 mg/g, respectively, which are considered sufficient rates for P concentrations reported at natural aquatic ecosystems. At the same time this new method did not cause turbidity in the water column, since the material was not released into the water, thus, preventing potential harmful consequences for the living organisms. Moreover, the “teabag” method prevents the material to cover the lake bottom, avoiding the phenomenon of smothering of benthos. Βy teabag method, the materials can be collected for further applicability as soil improver or crops fertilizer. Finally, it was argued that the possibility to recycle LMB and f-MB materials for agricultural use is of paramount importance, sustaining also positive impacts on sustainable ecology and on the routes of circular economy (CE).

ACS Style

Miltiadis Zamparas; Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos; Marios Drosos; Vasilis C. Kapsalis; Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis. Novel Composite Materials for Lake Restoration: A New Approach Impacting on Ecology and Circular Economy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3397 .

AMA Style

Miltiadis Zamparas, Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos, Marios Drosos, Vasilis C. Kapsalis, Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis. Novel Composite Materials for Lake Restoration: A New Approach Impacting on Ecology and Circular Economy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3397.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miltiadis Zamparas; Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos; Marios Drosos; Vasilis C. Kapsalis; Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis. 2020. "Novel Composite Materials for Lake Restoration: A New Approach Impacting on Ecology and Circular Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3397.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2019 in Chemosphere
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Although, several recent greenhouse studies are beginning to address the uptake of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) by a variety of crops, few studies have assessed the effects of exposure to complex, realistic wastewater effluents on uptake. Hence, in this study, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to study the interactions occurring exclusively between PPCPs in soil, and in the edible plant part of beets (Beta vulgaris) after exposure to treated wastewater effluent. According to the findings, the interactions between the pharmaceuticals caffeine (CFN) with bisoprolol (BSP), carbamezapine (CMZ), clarithromycin (CMC), metoprolol (MPL), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and trimethoprim (TMP) occurring in soil were almost 99% synergistic; it was noted variability in the interactive capacity of the pharmaceuticals; the concentrations of pharmaceuticals which measured did not affect unfavorably beet yield; interactions between the PPCPs via the PPCPs contribution in plant and soil affect the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the beets.

ACS Style

D. Papaioannou; P.H. Koukoulakis; M. Papageorgiou; Dimitra Lambropoulou; I.K. Kalavrouziotis. Investigation of pharmaceutical and personal care product interactions of soil and beets (Beta vulgaris L.) under the effect of wastewater reuse. Chemosphere 2019, 238, 124553 .

AMA Style

D. Papaioannou, P.H. Koukoulakis, M. Papageorgiou, Dimitra Lambropoulou, I.K. Kalavrouziotis. Investigation of pharmaceutical and personal care product interactions of soil and beets (Beta vulgaris L.) under the effect of wastewater reuse. Chemosphere. 2019; 238 ():124553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Papaioannou; P.H. Koukoulakis; M. Papageorgiou; Dimitra Lambropoulou; I.K. Kalavrouziotis. 2019. "Investigation of pharmaceutical and personal care product interactions of soil and beets (Beta vulgaris L.) under the effect of wastewater reuse." Chemosphere 238, no. : 124553.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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A greenhouse experiment was conducted, using a randomized block design, including twelve heavy metal (Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb) mixture treatments, with each metal participating in the treatment with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mg/kg, respectively. Common beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was chosen as test plant. The plants were irrigated with treated municipal wastewater taken from the Wastewater Treatment Plant of the town of Amaliada, N.W., Peloponnese, Greece. The experiment aimed at studying the interactions between heavy metals and macro-microelements, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). The basic scope was to shed some light on the potential environmental implications, of these interactions on the soil PPCPs for a more effective monitoring of these emerging contaminants in the plants and soil continuum. It was found that the PPCPs have a very high potential interactive capacity, having interacted with all the studied metals, and metalloids, as well as with plant macro elements (P, and K). The uptake of PPCPs by plants was statistically significantly related with their respective content in the soil. The general inference is that the interactive relations between heavy metals, macro-, microelements, and emerging contaminants, being mainly antagonistic, which contribute to the decrease the uptake of soil PPCPs.

ACS Style

D. Papaioannou; P.H. Koukoulakis; D. Lambropoulou; M. Papageorgiou; I.K. Kalavrouziotis. The dynamics of the pharmaceutical and personal care product interactive capacity under the effect of artificial enrichment of soil with heavy metals and of wastewater reuse. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 662, 537 -546.

AMA Style

D. Papaioannou, P.H. Koukoulakis, D. Lambropoulou, M. Papageorgiou, I.K. Kalavrouziotis. The dynamics of the pharmaceutical and personal care product interactive capacity under the effect of artificial enrichment of soil with heavy metals and of wastewater reuse. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 662 ():537-546.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Papaioannou; P.H. Koukoulakis; D. Lambropoulou; M. Papageorgiou; I.K. Kalavrouziotis. 2019. "The dynamics of the pharmaceutical and personal care product interactive capacity under the effect of artificial enrichment of soil with heavy metals and of wastewater reuse." Science of The Total Environment 662, no. : 537-546.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The transfer of heavy metals under soil pollution wastewater reuse was studied in a Greenhouse experiment using a randomized block design, including 6 treatments of heavy metals mixtures composed of Zn, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb, where each metal was taking part in the mixture with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/kg respectively, in four replications. The Beta vulgaris L (beet) was used as a test plant. It was found that the metal transfer factors were statistically significantly related to the: (i) DTPA extractable soil metals, (ii) the soil pollution level as assessed by the pollution indices, (iii) the soil pH, (iv) the beet dry matter yield and (v) the interactions between the heavy metals in the soil. It was concluded that the Transfer Factor is subjected to multifactor effects and its real nature is complex, and there is a strong need for further study for the understanding of its role in metal-plant relationships.

ACS Style

D. Papaioannou; I.K. Kalavrouziotis; P.H. Koukoulakis; F. Papadopoulos; P. Psoma. Interrelationships of metal transfer factor under wastewater reuse and soil pollution. Journal of Environmental Management 2018, 216, 328 -336.

AMA Style

D. Papaioannou, I.K. Kalavrouziotis, P.H. Koukoulakis, F. Papadopoulos, P. Psoma. Interrelationships of metal transfer factor under wastewater reuse and soil pollution. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 216 ():328-336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Papaioannou; I.K. Kalavrouziotis; P.H. Koukoulakis; F. Papadopoulos; P. Psoma. 2018. "Interrelationships of metal transfer factor under wastewater reuse and soil pollution." Journal of Environmental Management 216, no. : 328-336.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Journal of Environmental Management
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This study investigates the oxidation of municipal wastewater (WW) by complexation with natural polyphenols having radical scavenging activity, such as (3,4,5 tri-hydroxy-benzoic acid) gallic acid (GA) in alkaline pH (>7), under ambient O2 and temperature. Physicochemical and structural characteristics of GA-WW complex-forming are evaluated by UV/Vis spectroscopy. The comparative analysis among UV/Vis spectra of GA monomer, GA-GA polymer, WW compounds, and GA-WW complex reveals significant differences within 350–450 and 500–900 nm. According to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), these spectra differences correspond to distinct complexes formed. This study suggests a novel role of natural polyphenols on the degradation and humification of wastes.

ACS Style

E. Giannakopoulos; E. Isari; K. Bourikas; Hrissi K. Karapanagioti; G. Psarras; G. Oron; I.K. Kalavrouziotis. Oxidation of municipal wastewater by free radicals mechanism. A UV/Vis spectroscopy study. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 195, 186 -194.

AMA Style

E. Giannakopoulos, E. Isari, K. Bourikas, Hrissi K. Karapanagioti, G. Psarras, G. Oron, I.K. Kalavrouziotis. Oxidation of municipal wastewater by free radicals mechanism. A UV/Vis spectroscopy study. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 195 ():186-194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Giannakopoulos; E. Isari; K. Bourikas; Hrissi K. Karapanagioti; G. Psarras; G. Oron; I.K. Kalavrouziotis. 2017. "Oxidation of municipal wastewater by free radicals mechanism. A UV/Vis spectroscopy study." Journal of Environmental Management 195, no. : 186-194.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2016 in Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry
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A greenhouse experiment was conducted in pots, for two years (2015–2016), in Amaliada, Greece, using a randomized block design, including six treatments with mixtures composed of Zn, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb, each metal taking part in the mixture at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30 40, and 50 mg/kg soil in four replicates each. Beta vulgaris (beet) was used as a test plant. The aim of the experiment was to calibrate the following pollution indices: “pollution load index,” “elemental pollution index,” “heavy metal load,” and “total concentration factor,” in order to determine the level of soil pollution under variable levels (low to very high) of metal mixtures. The irrigation of the plants was conducted with treated municipal wastewater based on field capacity and percent wilting point. The above pollution indices were classified into four soil pollution classes, i.e., “optimum,” “low,” “high” and “very high” on the basis of percent dry matter plant losses.

ACS Style

Dimitrios Papaioannou; Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis; Prodromos H. Koukoulakis; Frantzis Papadopoulos. Critical ranges of pollution indices: a tool for predicting soil metal pollution under long-term wastewater reuse. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 2016, 99, 197 -208.

AMA Style

Dimitrios Papaioannou, Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis, Prodromos H. Koukoulakis, Frantzis Papadopoulos. Critical ranges of pollution indices: a tool for predicting soil metal pollution under long-term wastewater reuse. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 2016; 99 (2):197-208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dimitrios Papaioannou; Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis; Prodromos H. Koukoulakis; Frantzis Papadopoulos. 2016. "Critical ranges of pollution indices: a tool for predicting soil metal pollution under long-term wastewater reuse." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 99, no. 2: 197-208.

Articles
Published: 02 November 2015 in DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
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A fuzzy model was designed to characterize the quality of mandarin irrigation water. The model consisted of individual cascade submodels. This procedure simplifies the process, and on the other hand allows us to study the effect of individual variables in the final decision. Precisely, the effect of three irrigation water resources (Irrigators association water (IW), Reclaimed Water, and Transferred Water) were studied on the development of mandarin’s tree crop. The application of the model showed that the IW irrigation gives the best results.

ACS Style

I.K. Kalavrouziotis; F. Pedrero; D. Skarlatos. Water and wastewater quality assessment based on fuzzy modeling for the irrigation of Mandarin. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2015, 57, 20159 -20168.

AMA Style

I.K. Kalavrouziotis, F. Pedrero, D. Skarlatos. Water and wastewater quality assessment based on fuzzy modeling for the irrigation of Mandarin. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2015; 57 (43):20159-20168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I.K. Kalavrouziotis; F. Pedrero; D. Skarlatos. 2015. "Water and wastewater quality assessment based on fuzzy modeling for the irrigation of Mandarin." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 57, no. 43: 20159-20168.

Articles
Published: 10 June 2014 in DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
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We established a Mamdani fuzzy logic model to determine the effect of wastewater evapotranspiration on citrus cultivation. The model uses most influential variables of soil and leaves samples. Since the number of the input variables to the model is large, these variables were classified into five categories as follows: (i) soil macro-element concentration, (ii) soil essential elements concentration, (iii) soil electrochemical properties, (iv) leaves macro-elements concentration, and (v) leaves essential elements concentration. For simplification, the model was divided into seven submodels and one main model. The output of the main model considered the outputs of all submodels to the final decision. The model applied to a citrus orchard suggested the optimal wastewater irrigation rate at 125% of crop evapotranspiration.

ACS Style

D. Skarlatos; I.K. Kalavrouziotis; C.R. Montes; A.J. Melfi; B.F.F. Pereira. Wastewater reuse in citrus: a fuzzy logic model for optimum evapotranspiration. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2014, 55, 315 -324.

AMA Style

D. Skarlatos, I.K. Kalavrouziotis, C.R. Montes, A.J. Melfi, B.F.F. Pereira. Wastewater reuse in citrus: a fuzzy logic model for optimum evapotranspiration. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2014; 55 (2):315-324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Skarlatos; I.K. Kalavrouziotis; C.R. Montes; A.J. Melfi; B.F.F. Pereira. 2014. "Wastewater reuse in citrus: a fuzzy logic model for optimum evapotranspiration." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 55, no. 2: 315-324.

Articles
Published: 18 November 2013 in DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
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The status of treated wastewater reuse as experienced in some Mediterranean Basin countries such as Greece, Israel, Italy and Cyprus is examined. General background information is given for each of these Mediterranean countries, including natural water resources, climatic conditions (temperature, rainfall), generated wastewater, crops cultivated and irrigated with effluent, and related aspects of reuse. The examined parameters include treatment strategies, wastewater reuse standards applied in each country, effluent reuse research in progress in the above target countries related to the treatment technologies, water quality, regulations, economics, public acceptance, risk assessment, benefits, keys for potential success and main constraints. Emphasis has been given to the benefits of treated wastewater reuse in integrated water resources management systems and its role for water cycle management, solving water scarcity issues mainly in arid and semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean basin. The experience presented can be implemented in other water scarce regions around the world.

ACS Style

Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis; Petros Kokkinos; Gideon Oron; Francesco Fatone; David Bolzonella; Margarita Vatyliotou; Despo Fatta-Kassinos; Prodromos H. Koukoulakis; Soterios P. Varnavas. Current status in wastewater treatment, reuse and research in some mediterranean countries. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2013, 53, 2015 -2030.

AMA Style

Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis, Petros Kokkinos, Gideon Oron, Francesco Fatone, David Bolzonella, Margarita Vatyliotou, Despo Fatta-Kassinos, Prodromos H. Koukoulakis, Soterios P. Varnavas. Current status in wastewater treatment, reuse and research in some mediterranean countries. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2013; 53 (8):2015-2030.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis; Petros Kokkinos; Gideon Oron; Francesco Fatone; David Bolzonella; Margarita Vatyliotou; Despo Fatta-Kassinos; Prodromos H. Koukoulakis; Soterios P. Varnavas. 2013. "Current status in wastewater treatment, reuse and research in some mediterranean countries." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 53, no. 8: 2015-2030.

Journal article
Published: 14 October 2013 in Water
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It has been said that Palermo is short of available water. However, nothing could be more wrong. Well-documented Arab sources and narrative chronicles reported an abundance of groundwater resources in Palermo Plain since the Middle Ages. The scarcity of sources and surface water in the Palermo Plain, compared to the groundwater abundance, led the inhabitants to use groundwater both for irrigation and domestic usage through a complex and sustainable hydraulic system. Vertical and horizontal (qanāts) wells, conveyed water towards gardens and public fountains making the Arabic Bal’harm (Palermo) a flourishing town. When visitors walk through the streets of Palermo’s historical center, among Arab ruins and Baroque architecture, they hardly imagine that there is a wide and varied cultural heritage of underground cavities hidden in the basements where water flows in intricate networks fed from a numerous springs. Only in recent years was a part of this system brought to light. Moreover, the city still has a wide and fascinating water distribution system consisting of irrigation basin (gebbie), ingenious hydraulic machines named senie, and distribution chessboard of irrigation (saje) and drinking water (catusi) canals. The medieval water collection and distribution systems and their various components in the Palermo Plain are reviewed together with the influence of the Arab water management on environment.

ACS Style

Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto; Roberta Maffettone; Pietro Todaro; Silvia Sammataro; Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis. Water Collection and Distribution Systems in the Palermo Plain during the Middle Ages. Water 2013, 5, 1662 -1676.

AMA Style

Giusy Lofrano, Maurizio Carotenuto, Roberta Maffettone, Pietro Todaro, Silvia Sammataro, Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis. Water Collection and Distribution Systems in the Palermo Plain during the Middle Ages. Water. 2013; 5 (4):1662-1676.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giusy Lofrano; Maurizio Carotenuto; Roberta Maffettone; Pietro Todaro; Silvia Sammataro; Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis. 2013. "Water Collection and Distribution Systems in the Palermo Plain during the Middle Ages." Water 5, no. 4: 1662-1676.