Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate oral mucosal lesions, dental status, and metabolic associations in patients with acromegaly, and to explore the impact of treatment and comorbidities. Materials and methods: This prospective case-control study included acromegaly patients and healthy controls. Oral health assessment was performed using the DMFT index, the Periodontal Screening Index (PSI), and the Plaque Index (PI).Oral hygiene practices were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Laboratory parameters, including GH, IGF-1, ACTH, cortisol, TSH, T4, fasting glucose, and HbA1c, were measured. Statistical analysis included group comparisons and correlation assessments with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in oral hygiene scores, DMFT values, PSI, or PI scores ( p > 0.05). However, macroglossia (82.9%) and fissured tongue (51.4%) were significantly more common in patients with acromegaly ( p < 0.001). In the acromegaly group, no significant associations were found between DMFT scores and clinical or hormonal parameters and a negative correlation was observed between oral hygiene and PSI scores ( p < 0.05), and a positive correlation between PI and PSI scores ( p < 0.001). No significant correlations were observed in the control group. Conclusion: Tongue lesions were significantly more prevalent in patients with acromegaly, regardless of disease status or treatment. While general oral health parameters were similar between groups, periodontal inflammation in acromegaly was linked to poor oral hygiene. These findings suggest that acromegaly may be a risk factor for periodontal disease. Routine oral health monitoring is essential in this population.

Objectives: This single-blinded ex vivo diagnostic accuracy study evaluated high-frequency ultrasonography for detecting nondisplaced dentoalveolar fractures and assessed the effect of simulated post-traumatic soft-tissue edema. Methods: Eighteen fresh sheep heads provided 108 anatomically distinct sites (54 fractured and 54 non-fractured controls). Two blinded oral and maxillofacial radiologists independently assessed each site, yielding 216 observer-level evaluations. Cone-beam tomography (CBCT) served as the reference standard. Edema was simulated by submucosal injection of 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mL sterile saline. Results: Simulated edema was associated with significantly lower odds of correct ultrasonographic classification in the GEE analysis accounting for within-site clustering (OR = 0.217; 95% CI, 0.096–0.491; p < 0.001). Accuracy decreased from 87.0% to 59.3%, sensitivity from 96.3% to 77.8%, and specificity from 77.8% to 40.7%. False-negative and false-positive rates increased from 3.7% to 22.2% and from 22.2% to 59.3%, respectively. Observer confidence also decreased significantly (3.53 ± 0.90 vs. 2.61 ± 0.86; p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in diagnostic accuracy were detected among the three edema-volume groups. Conclusions: Simulated soft-tissue edema substantially impairs ultrasonographic detection of nondisplaced dentoalveolar fractures. These experimental findings suggest that negative ultrasonographic findings obtained in the presence of soft-tissue swelling should be interpreted cautiously, with complementary imaging considered when clinically indicated.

Background: This study aimed to characterize the histopathological spectrum of surgically biopsied oral and maxillofacial lesions and their distribution according to anatomical location, tissue involvement, sex, age, and diagnostic status in a single-center setting. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, 295 consecutive biopsy records from March 2021 to February 2024 were screened, and 279 eligible patients were included. Demographic data, anatomical locations, and histopathological diagnoses were obtained from institutional records. Diagnostic categories were compared according to sex and age using the Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact test with Monte Carlo estimation. Results: Thirty-four distinct histopathological diagnoses were identified. The most frequent were radicular cysts (27.6%), dentigerous cysts (17.9%), and periapical granulomas (12.9%). Jaw cysts represented the largest diagnostic category (54.1%), and most lesions involved bone (72.8%). The mandible was the most frequently affected site (43.4%). Overall, 257 lesions (92.1%) were classified as benign, 20 (7.2%) as oral potentially malignant disorders, and two (0.7%) as malignant. The overall distribution of diagnostic categories differed significantly according to sex (p < 0.001) and age group (p = 0.002). Subgroup patterns were interpreted descriptively because of small category sizes. Conclusions: Jaw cysts, particularly radicular and dentigerous cysts, predominated in this institutional biopsy series. The findings describe the histopathological distribution of biopsied lesions at a single center and should not be interpreted as estimates of population-level disease prevalence.

Objectives: To compare fracture detection rates and observer confidence between a high-frequency hockey-stick transducer and a conventional linear transducer for detecting non-displaced dentoalveolar fractures in a paired ex vivo model. Materials and Methods: This paired ex vivo study included 88 experimentally created non-displaced dentoalveolar fracture sites in fresh ovine specimens. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists independently evaluated all sites with both a 12L3 conventional linear transducer (10–15 MHz) and an 18H5 hockey-stick transducer (10–18 MHz), with transducer order randomized. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) confirmed fracture status. Within-observer paired fracture-detection outcomes were compared using the exact McNemar test, and a cluster-adjusted generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis accounted for repeated assessments and clustering within ovine heads. Observer confidence was compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Observer 1 detected 76/88 fracture sites (86.4%) with the hockey-stick transducer and 64/88 (72.7%) with the conventional linear transducer (p = 0.004). Observer 2 detected 74/88 sites (84.1%) and 62/88 (70.5%), respectively (p < 0.001). In the cluster-adjusted GEE analysis, the hockey-stick transducer was associated with higher odds of fracture detection (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.84–2.86; p < 0.001). For both observers, confidence scores were higher with the hockey-stick transducer (median [IQR], 4 [3–4] vs. 3 [2–3]; both p < 0.001), with Cohen’s dz values of 0.849 and 0.791, respectively. In a separate pre-study calibration set, interobserver agreement was 95% (κ = 0.828; 95% CI, 0.503–1.000). Conclusions: In this ex vivo model, the hockey-stick transducer achieved consistently higher fracture-detection rates across both observers and greater observer confidence than the conventional linear transducer. The observed differences may reflect the combined technical and ergonomic characteristics of the two transducers rather than probe geometry alone. Prospective clinical studies including both fractured and non-fractured sites are required before conclusions regarding diagnostic accuracy or clinical superiority can be established.