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Dr. Marco Bietresato
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Agricultural Engineering
0 Agricultural Machinery
0 Biofuels
0 Diesel Engine
0 Energy

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Tractor
Stability
Internal Combustion Engines
Response Surface Methodology
Biofuels
Energy
Engine Performance
Agricultural Machinery
Agricultural Engineering
Test Systems

Honors and Awards

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Career Timeline

Free University of Bolzano

Research or Laboratory Scientist

01 September 2012 - 31 August 2021


Free University of Bolzano

University Lecturer

01 September 2012 - 31 August 2021




Short Biography

I am actually working on: (1) the EXPERIM.-NUMERICAL THERMODYNAMIC STUDY OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES for agricultural machinery, with attention to the energetic/ecological aspects of machines fuelled with binary/ternary fuel mixes of Diesel oil and biofuels. I will: investigate the effects of fuel changes on physical-chemical properties of motor lubricants, give a complete insight on biofuels in terms of characteristics/technical limitations, machines’ performances/efficiency; (2) the SAFETY AND ROLLOVER STABILITY OF VEHICLES OPERATING ON SLOPES through theoretical models, useful to understand the phenomenon and develop intervention strategies for stabilizing devices, an innovative facility designed to test real vehicles, to be placed in the “NOI Techpark”, anti-rollover systems

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Journal article
Published: 25 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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A truly universal system to optimize consumptions, monitor operation and predict maintenance interventions for internal combustion engines must be independent of onboard systems, if present. One of the least invasive methods of detecting engine performance involves the measurement of the exhaust gas temperature (EGT), which can be related to the instant torque through thermodynamic relations. The practical implementation of such a system requires great care since its torque-predictive capabilities are strongly influenced by the position chosen for the temperature-detection point(s) along the exhaust line, specific for each engine, the type of installation for the thermocouples, and the thermal characteristics of the interposed materials. After performing some preliminary tests at the dynamometric brake on a compression-ignition engine for agricultural purposes equipped with three thermocouples at different points in the exhaust duct, a novel procedure was developed to: (1) tune a CFD-FVM-model of the exhaust pipe and determine many unknown thermodynamic parameters concerning the engine (including the real EGT at the exhaust valve outlet in some engine operative conditions), (2) use the CFD-FVM results to considerably increase the predictive capability of an indirect torque-detection strategy based on the EGT. The joint use of the CFD-FVM software, Response Surface Method, and specific optimization algorithms was fundamental to these aims and granted the experimenters a full mastery of systems’ non-linearity and a maximum relative error on the torque estimations of 2.9%.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Torque Prediction Model of a CI Engine for Agricultural Purposes Based on Exhaust Gas Temperatures and CFD-FVM Methodologies Validated with Experimental Tests. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3892 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Francesco Selmo, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Torque Prediction Model of a CI Engine for Agricultural Purposes Based on Exhaust Gas Temperatures and CFD-FVM Methodologies Validated with Experimental Tests. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):3892.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2021. "Torque Prediction Model of a CI Engine for Agricultural Purposes Based on Exhaust Gas Temperatures and CFD-FVM Methodologies Validated with Experimental Tests." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 3892.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2021 in Fuel
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Fuel viscosity can affect engine performance: 24 ternary blends were studied. 408 lab tests allow to model viscosity as a function of biodiesel/bioethanol shares. Some trials on a tractor allowed modelling the effect of fuel viscosity on torque. Fuel viscosity is a good indicator of motor performance according to an ANOVA study. Optimal fuel blends can be defined in order to optimize torque output of the engine. The partial replacement of conventional fuels with “bio-based” fuels represents a viable energy strategy for cleaner distributed-power generation (agricultural/co-generative units). Although internal combustion engines represent a well-established technology, they will continue to play a crucial role in this energy revolution thanks to their flexibility of use and reliability. Considering compression-ignition engines, the fuel change is simple and requires no modification. Yet some critical issues related to different fuel viscosity may arise. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate with a mixed experimental–numerical approach: (a) the kinematic viscosity of many fuel blends (diesel oil-biodiesel-bioethanol) at the standard temperatures of 40 °C and 100 °C, and (b) the effects of the fuel viscosity on engine performance. The data and the mathematical model obtained through the Response Surface Methodology allowed observing that: (a) the fuel-feed system should include a preheater to obtain the same fuel viscosity in blends as in pump diesel oil and avoid issues in the fuel feed; (b) the viscosity at 40 °C progressively increases by 38% (from 3.03 to 4.18 mm2 s−1) as the biodiesel percentage in the blend spans from 0 to 100%; (c) bioethanol fluidizes the blends, reducing the viscosity by about 2% per percentage point of bioethanol in the blend. Also, some trials on a farm tractor fuelled with some of these blends allowed to identify that ternary blends with a viscosity > 3.33 mm2 s−1, whatever the composition within the validity ranges of models (0 ≤ biodiesel ≤ 100, 0 ≤ bioethanol ≤ 3), give rise to the maximum torque increment.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Anna Bolla; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. The kinematic viscosity of conventional and bio-based fuel blends as a key parameter to indirectly estimate the performance of compression-ignition engines for agricultural purposes. Fuel 2021, 298, 120817 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Anna Bolla, Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. The kinematic viscosity of conventional and bio-based fuel blends as a key parameter to indirectly estimate the performance of compression-ignition engines for agricultural purposes. Fuel. 2021; 298 ():120817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Anna Bolla; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2021. "The kinematic viscosity of conventional and bio-based fuel blends as a key parameter to indirectly estimate the performance of compression-ignition engines for agricultural purposes." Fuel 298, no. : 120817.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The market for agricultural machinery is characterized by products with a high degree of maturity in the product life cycle. Consequently, current improvements in new machinery are predominantly incremental and new projects basically use solutions that are already consolidated. This makes this domain appropriate for benchmarking existing systems and envisioning new value propositions. The present paper deals primarily with the former and uses the value curves as a means to structure the comparison among different families of technical systems; in particular, harvesting machines for shell fruits from the ground surface, e.g., chestnuts, walnuts, and hazelnuts, were investigated here. The process of building value curves requires the identification of currently fulfilled requirements. Despite the attention paid by engineering design research to requirements, a structured process is lacking to extract relevant information and create value curves or other representations useful for benchmarking. The present paper approaches this problem and presents how the authors have individuated relevant knowledge for characterizing different categories of harvesting machines. Namely, after an extensive search of the scientific literature and patents, a critical review of existing machines, aimed at individuating their functioning principles, architecture, and attitude in fulfilling specific design requirements, was performed. Then, existing machines were classified in 8 main categories, and their strengths and weaknesses were identified with reference to 11 competing factors. The consequent construction of value curves enabled the identification of possible points of intervention by hypothesizing possible future evolutions of such machinery, both in a structural and in a value-based perspective. Limitations about the repeatability of the followed approach and possible repercussions on design research are discussed.

ACS Style

Lorenzo Maccioni; Marco Bietresato; Yuri Borgianni. From the Extraction of Currently Fulfilled Requirements to Value Curves: A Case Study in the Field of Harvesting Machines for Shell Fruits and Lessons Learnt in Engineering Design. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3809 .

AMA Style

Lorenzo Maccioni, Marco Bietresato, Yuri Borgianni. From the Extraction of Currently Fulfilled Requirements to Value Curves: A Case Study in the Field of Harvesting Machines for Shell Fruits and Lessons Learnt in Engineering Design. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (11):3809.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorenzo Maccioni; Marco Bietresato; Yuri Borgianni. 2020. "From the Extraction of Currently Fulfilled Requirements to Value Curves: A Case Study in the Field of Harvesting Machines for Shell Fruits and Lessons Learnt in Engineering Design." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11: 3809.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The stability of agricultural machines, earth-moving machines, snow-compaction machines and, in general, of all vehicles that may operate on sloping terrains is a very important technical feature and should not be underestimated. In fact, it is correlated, above all, to the safety of the operators, but also to the preservation of the structural integrity of these vehicles, to the prosecution of the activities and to the preservation of the economic investment. Although these facts are well-known, the international legislation and technical standards do not yet have a sufficient level of detail to give an all-inclusive quantification of the stability of the vehicle under examination in all its working conditions, e.g., at different inclination angles of the support surface, at different climbing angles of the vehicle on the slope, with different tires and inflating pressures, and on different terrains. Actual standards limit the stability tests to the experimental measurement of the lateral rollover angle only. Furthermore, the realization of unconventional test equipment able to widen the usually-tested scenarios could not be simple, due to the necessary size that such equipment should have (to perform tests not in scale) and to the related difficulties of handling full-scale vehicles. This work illustrates the applications of a new rig for testing the stability of vehicles, able to address all the above-illustrated issues and of possible future adoption to certify the stability performance of machines and perform homologations. This installation, named “rotating platform” or “turntable”, has the peculiarity of being able to move the machine positioned on it according to two rotational degrees of freedom: (1) overall inclination of the support plane, (2) rotation of the support plane around an axis perpendicular to the plane. The same installation is also designed to record the weight supported by each wheel of the machine placed on it (by means of four sensorized quadrants), both when the platform is motionless and while the above-described movements of tilt and rotation are being carried out, thus locating precisely the spatial position of the vehicle center of gravity. The presented physical-mathematical models highlight the great potential of this facility, anticipate the outcomes of the recordings that the experimenters will have at disposal when the test rig will be effectively active, and help the future understanding of trends of data, thus maximizing the available information content.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Stability Tests of Agricultural and Operating Machines by Means of an Installation Composed by a Rotating Platform (the “Turntable”) with Four Weighting Quadrants. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3786 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Stability Tests of Agricultural and Operating Machines by Means of an Installation Composed by a Rotating Platform (the “Turntable”) with Four Weighting Quadrants. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (11):3786.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2020. "Stability Tests of Agricultural and Operating Machines by Means of an Installation Composed by a Rotating Platform (the “Turntable”) with Four Weighting Quadrants." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11: 3786.

Conference paper
Published: 20 May 2020 in 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings
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ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Tobias Terzer; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Assessment and classification of farm tractor rims for mechanical testing. 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Francesco Selmo, Tobias Terzer, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Assessment and classification of farm tractor rims for mechanical testing. 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Tobias Terzer; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2020. "Assessment and classification of farm tractor rims for mechanical testing." 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 20 May 2020 in 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings
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ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Anna Bolla; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Analysis of cryoscopic behaviour of diesel-biodiesel blends using industrial freezer. 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Anna Bolla, Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Analysis of cryoscopic behaviour of diesel-biodiesel blends using industrial freezer. 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Anna Bolla; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2020. "Analysis of cryoscopic behaviour of diesel-biodiesel blends using industrial freezer." 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 20 May 2020 in 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings
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ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Experimental problem of indirectly detecting engine torque delivered by agricultural machines through exhaust gas temperature. 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Francesco Selmo, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Experimental problem of indirectly detecting engine torque delivered by agricultural machines through exhaust gas temperature. 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2020. "Experimental problem of indirectly detecting engine torque delivered by agricultural machines through exhaust gas temperature." 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 20 May 2020 in 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings
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ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Concurrent engineering approach in design of test equipment for detecting farm tractor mechanical performances: Application to development of hub-adapter. 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Francesco Selmo, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Concurrent engineering approach in design of test equipment for detecting farm tractor mechanical performances: Application to development of hub-adapter. 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Francesco Selmo; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2020. "Concurrent engineering approach in design of test equipment for detecting farm tractor mechanical performances: Application to development of hub-adapter." 19th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development Proceedings , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The mechanical behaviour of an agricultural tyre is a matter of extreme interest as it is related to the comfort of operators, to the adherence of agricultural machines, and to the compaction of agricultural soil. Moreover, the deformability of the tyres plays a fundamental role in vehicle stability in terms of side rollover. The behaviour of a loaded tyre during its deformation is complex, due to the combined contributions of the carcass components, the tread rubber and the air contained within it. Therefore, this study proposes an experimental–numerical approach for the mechanical characterization of agricultural tyres based on real-scale experiments and matches these results with a finite-element (FE) model. The tyre flattening in the elastic field has been described using two coefficients (Young’s modulus “E”, Poisson’s ratio “ν”), whose values have been identified with an iterative FEM procedure. The proposed approach was applied to two different tyres (420/85 R24 and 460/85 R34), each one inflated at two different pressures (1.0 bar and 1.6 bar). Young’s modulus was appreciated to be highly variable with the inflation pressure “p” of the tyres. Furthermore, the response surface methodology was applied to find two mathematical regression models, useful for studying the variations of the tyre footprint dimensions according to the type of tyre. This simple approach can be applied in other simulations without suffering any loss of accuracy in the description of the phenomenon.

ACS Style

Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis; Maurizio Cutini; Marco Bietresato. An Experimental–Numerical Approach for Modelling the Mechanical Behaviour of a Pneumatic Tyre for Agricultural Machines. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3481 .

AMA Style

Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis, Maurizio Cutini, Marco Bietresato. An Experimental–Numerical Approach for Modelling the Mechanical Behaviour of a Pneumatic Tyre for Agricultural Machines. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (10):3481.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis; Maurizio Cutini; Marco Bietresato. 2020. "An Experimental–Numerical Approach for Modelling the Mechanical Behaviour of a Pneumatic Tyre for Agricultural Machines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10: 3481.

Conference paper
Published: 20 March 2020 in Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
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Two crucial points in the development of an experimental-test system concern specifically the instrument-management subsystem and are: (1) coordinating the acquisitions from the connected instruments and (2) making the data easily usable by the users through a rational interface. Regarding the first point, an ex-post synchronization of the readings previously gathered during the tests can be computationally heavy (due to: different file-formats and sampling frequencies of instruments; sometimes also non-synchronized internal clocks). Rather, a properly-said instruments synchronization during the experimentation and a unique recipient for all gatherings is certainly more effective, allowing the users to have, at the end of a test session, ready-made data for any subsequent processing phase. However, its implementation requires a lot of work concerning: the set-up/creation of hardware interfaces, the writing of a software program and the implementation of a simple and reliable user interface, but it is always preferable. This approach has been followed to propose an integrated test-system for agricultural machines and all its logical steps are illustrated here as general guidelines for any future acquisition system. The management subsystem (“TRA-LOG”) of this experimental-test system is LabVIEW-based and has a graphical user-interface, developed according to modern ergonomic design concepts. TRA-LOG is able to: (1) simultaneously acquire data from a PTO-dyno, a fuel-consumption meter, an exhaust-gas analyser, many thermocouples, (2) display in real time the value of the acquisitions, (3) plot in real time the motor-performance graphs (torque, power) and other time-dependant graphs, (4) save the data in a spreadsheet-compatible format. After illustrating the development procedure and main features of this test system, we presented also its successful validation in the test of a New Holland T4020V farm tractor.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Matteo Malavasi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. An Approach to the Development of an Integrated Real-Time Engine Test System for Agricultural Machines: Conceiving, Implementation, Set-up and First Tests. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 2020, 551 -562.

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Matteo Malavasi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. An Approach to the Development of an Integrated Real-Time Engine Test System for Agricultural Machines: Conceiving, Implementation, Set-up and First Tests. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2020; ():551-562.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Matteo Malavasi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2020. "An Approach to the Development of an Integrated Real-Time Engine Test System for Agricultural Machines: Conceiving, Implementation, Set-up and First Tests." Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , no. : 551-562.

Conference paper
Published: 20 March 2020 in Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
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The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used here to analyse a large set of experimental data regarding the mechanical and environmental performances of an internal combustion engine (ICE) used to power a farm tractor. The aim is twofold: (i) to demonstrate the effectiveness of RSM in quantitatively assessing the effects of biofuels on a complex system like an ICE; (ii) to supply the users with easy-to-use models to predict the effect of biofuel blends on performance and emissions of tractor engines and find an optimal blend according to given user-defined parameters. The methodology showed good prediction abilities: the calculated average errors for the first models were lower than 0.38 and 1.40% on 6 test cases, with a higher accuracy in the assessment of the ICE mechanical performance. As a result, two effective and user-friendly models for torque and NOx emissions were developed; they were subsequently used to single out some fuel blends having interesting effects in terms of limitation of the average increment in the NOx emissions and of the torque average decrement (here: B3E0, B11E0, B20E3).

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Carlo Caligiuri; Anna Bolla; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. The Response Surface Methodology as a Tool to Evaluate the Effects of Using Diesel-Biodiesel-Bioethanol Blends as Farm Tractor Fuel. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 2020, 539 -549.

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Carlo Caligiuri, Anna Bolla, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. The Response Surface Methodology as a Tool to Evaluate the Effects of Using Diesel-Biodiesel-Bioethanol Blends as Farm Tractor Fuel. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2020; ():539-549.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Carlo Caligiuri; Anna Bolla; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2020. "The Response Surface Methodology as a Tool to Evaluate the Effects of Using Diesel-Biodiesel-Bioethanol Blends as Farm Tractor Fuel." Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , no. : 539-549.

Journal article
Published: 29 February 2020 in International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering
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A problem that is common in agriculture but not very publicized, thanks to the absence of victims, is the rollover of Centre Pivot and Lateral Move irrigation systems. These accidents are due to particularly-strong winds acting on the spans, and they are potentially very destructive for the installations. Also, the restoration phase of the installations requires always an intervention of lifting of the machinery on the field, with a potential further damage to crops (setting) and land (compaction). Given the basic inevitability of the phenomenon, due to atmospheric events, these rollovers could be however limited e.g. by proposing a system design granting a higher stability. Therefore, we have firstly modelled the rollover dynamics of these systems, considering the geometry, the masses, the forces acting on them (wind, gravity), the position of the centre of gravity. Then, thanks to morphometry, we have investigated booms’ stability as a consequence of a proportional or not-proportional alteration of the system sizes, in particular: the upscaling of supports, done by some manufacturers, and the lengthening of spans, often required by customers. Morphometry is a method born in biology, typically used to describe and analyse statistically the shape variations within and among samples of organisms as a result of growth, experimental treatments or evolution. As the idea of evolutionary adaptation is intrinsic in the technical evolution of human-made systems (models, variants) operated by manufacturers, also artificial systems can be studied or improved via the morphometry, as operated here. The output of this study is a physical model of rollover and a sensitivity analysis of a reference configuration for an irrigation boom. Thanks to these analyses, we were able to demonstrate, for example, how a scaling-up of boom supports, respectful of geometric ratios, can increase the system stability despite the elevation of the pressure point of the wind on the frame. The original publication is available also at: http://www.iieta.org/download/file/fid/25509 (OPEN ACCESS)

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Morphometry as a Key to Investigate the Stability to a Wind-Induced Rollover of Agricultural Equipment for Irrigation. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 2020, 10, 129 -139.

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Morphometry as a Key to Investigate the Stability to a Wind-Induced Rollover of Agricultural Equipment for Irrigation. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering. 2020; 10 (1):129-139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2020. "Morphometry as a Key to Investigate the Stability to a Wind-Induced Rollover of Agricultural Equipment for Irrigation." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 10, no. 1: 129-139.

Conference paper
Published: 11 November 2019 in Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing
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Side overturning is a potentially dangerous phenomenon that can easily happen to agricultural machines because they typically have a high center-of-gravity (CoG) and a very narrow track-width (e.g., tractors operating in orchards). Overturning occurs when the direction of the resultant of the forces acting on the vehicle CoG intercepts the support plane outside of the “support polygon”, defined by taking the footprints of the vehicle wheels as its vertices. Here, we propose the use of a stabilization system that shifts the CoG position to ensure that the resultant force stays within the support polygon. This active stabilization is accomplished by equipping the vehicle with an additional mass that can be moved using an actuator. Using numerical simulations of a four-wheeled narrow-track tractor moving along a trajectory at constant speed, we characterize how the position of the movable mass affects vehicle stability under a quasi-static assumption. The path is a horizontal Euler spiral, having a continuously varying turning radius. The simulations are used to: (i) analyze the sensitivity of four metrics related to the vehicle stability with respect to the additional weight of the moveable mass and the position of the stabilization system, and (ii) find an optimal configuration of the stabilization system that will improve the operational limits of the vehicle.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Roberto Belotti; Karl D. Von Ellenrieder; Fabrizio Mazzetto. A Preliminary Study of Active Stabilization for Agricultural Machines Using a Movable Mass. Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Roberto Belotti, Karl D. Von Ellenrieder, Fabrizio Mazzetto. A Preliminary Study of Active Stabilization for Agricultural Machines Using a Movable Mass. Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Roberto Belotti; Karl D. Von Ellenrieder; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2019. "A Preliminary Study of Active Stabilization for Agricultural Machines Using a Movable Mass." Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2019 in Applied Sciences
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In this study, a new rig for investigating the static and dynamic stability of agricultural machines was conceived: its architecture was studied and its layout was designed following a specific conceptual approach. The first part of the proposed design process specifically addresses the test equipment and follows a ‘top-down’ logic starting from the requisites of the tests to perform. This approach alternates analysis and synthesis phases and exploits two important principles of the creative design process: functional analysis and decomposition, and kinematic inversion. During this process, many solutions (kinematic mechanisms, actuators) were proposed and discussed based on their advantages and disadvantages towards the definition of an optimal configuration. Therefore, the layout of a new mechanical system has been developed, which is supposed to steer subsequent and more detailed design-phases appropriately. The proposed facility has many innovative features compared to traditional test systems, in which vehicles are tested for lateral overturning under static conditions with the steering components (wheels/central joint for conventional/articulated vehicles) usually in a configuration corresponding only to a straight-path trajectory. Indeed, the present test rig is a mechanical installation with three degrees of freedom. It presents a wide plane, which can be tilted, composed by two semi-platforms connected by a central articulation hinge, operated by hydraulic jacks which allow the different angulations of the semi-platforms. It is specifically thought for performing dynamic stability tests of vehicles, especially on circular trajectories. An additional subsystem embedded in one of the two semi-platforms, configured as a rotating platform (‘turntable’), can test the global (static) stability of motionless vehicles placed on it.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Definition of the Layout for a New Facility to Test the Static and Dynamic Stability of Agricultural Vehicles Operating on Sloping Grounds. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 4135 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Definition of the Layout for a New Facility to Test the Static and Dynamic Stability of Agricultural Vehicles Operating on Sloping Grounds. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (19):4135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2019. "Definition of the Layout for a New Facility to Test the Static and Dynamic Stability of Agricultural Vehicles Operating on Sloping Grounds." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19: 4135.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2019 in Energies
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The effect of biofuel blends on the engine performance and emissions of agricultural machines can be extremely complex to predict even if the properties and the effects of the pure substances in the blends can be sourced from the literature. Indeed, on the one hand, internal combustion engines (ICEs) have a high intrinsic operational complexity; on the other hand, biofuels show antithetic effects on engine performance and present positive or negative interactions that are difficult to determine a priori. This study applies the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a numerical method typically applied in other disciplines (e.g., industrial engineering) and for other purposes (e.g., set-up of production machines), to analyse a large set of experimental data regarding the mechanical and environmental performances of an ICE used to power a farm tractor. The aim is twofold: i) to demonstrate the effectiveness of RSM in quantitatively assessing the effects of biofuels on a complex system like an ICE; ii) to supply easy-to-use correlations for the users to predict the effect of biofuel blends on performance and emissions of tractor engines. The methodology showed good prediction capabilities and yielded interesting outcomes. The effects of biofuel blends and physical fuel parameters were adopted to study the engine performance. Among all possible parameters depending on the fuel mixture, the viscosity of a fuel blend demonstrated a high statistical significance on some system responses directly related to the engine mechanical performances. This parameter can constitute an interesting indirect estimator of the mechanical performances of an engine fuelled with such blend, while it showed poor accuracy in predicting the emissions of the ICE (NOx, CO concentration and opacity of the exhaust gases) due to a higher influence of the chemical composition of the fuel blend on these parameters; rather, the blend composition showed a much higher accuracy in the assessment of the mechanical performance of the ICE.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Carlo Caligiuri; Anna Bolla; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Proposal of a Predictive Mixed Experimental- Numerical Approach for Assessing the Performance of Farm Tractor Engines Fuelled with Diesel- Biodiesel-Bioethanol Blends. Energies 2019, 12, 2287 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Carlo Caligiuri, Anna Bolla, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Proposal of a Predictive Mixed Experimental- Numerical Approach for Assessing the Performance of Farm Tractor Engines Fuelled with Diesel- Biodiesel-Bioethanol Blends. Energies. 2019; 12 (12):2287.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Carlo Caligiuri; Anna Bolla; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2019. "Proposal of a Predictive Mixed Experimental- Numerical Approach for Assessing the Performance of Farm Tractor Engines Fuelled with Diesel- Biodiesel-Bioethanol Blends." Energies 12, no. 12: 2287.

Conference paper
Published: 22 May 2019 in Engineering for Rural Development
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ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Matteo Malavasi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Set-up of integrated system for real-time detection and recording of many engine parameters of agricultural machines during dyno tests. Engineering for Rural Development 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Matteo Malavasi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Set-up of integrated system for real-time detection and recording of many engine parameters of agricultural machines during dyno tests. Engineering for Rural Development. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Matteo Malavasi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2019. "Set-up of integrated system for real-time detection and recording of many engine parameters of agricultural machines during dyno tests." Engineering for Rural Development , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2019 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Internal combustion engines are well spread in traditional power-generation systems: given their reliability, low-cost and performance it is desirable to avoid their full substitution in the short term, but, rather, to rely on the reduction of their environmental impact. This can be achieved by implementing solutions that involve minor modifications on the devices, such as the use of different fuels. In this work, the fossil fuels replacement approach has been applied to a micro-cogeneration system based on a small water-cooled compression ignition engine. The effect of bioethanol introduction as a diesel substitute in six diesel-biodiesel blends has been studied in terms of performances of the whole energy-conversion system and of the exhaust gas emissions. Positive results have been obtained showing that with a small amount (3%) of bioethanol, enhancements can be fulfilled both on performances (with approximately an average 13%-boost of the electrical and thermal efficiency) and emissions (reaching nearly a 80% of smoke opacity reduction).

ACS Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Marco Bietresato; Marco Baratieri. Experimental investigation on the effects of bioethanol addition in diesel-biodiesel blends on emissions and performances of a micro-cogeneration system. Energy Conversion and Management 2019, 185, 55 -65.

AMA Style

Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi, Marco Bietresato, Marco Baratieri. Experimental investigation on the effects of bioethanol addition in diesel-biodiesel blends on emissions and performances of a micro-cogeneration system. Energy Conversion and Management. 2019; 185 ():55-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Marco Bietresato; Marco Baratieri. 2019. "Experimental investigation on the effects of bioethanol addition in diesel-biodiesel blends on emissions and performances of a micro-cogeneration system." Energy Conversion and Management 185, no. : 55-65.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Energy Procedia
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The fuelling of internal combustion engines with biofuels has certainly many environmental and energetic advantages. These advantages are particularly effective in the agricultural sector, where an integrated biofuel supply-chain would further benefit the overall carbon balance. Unfortunately, there are also some drawbacks, mainly concerning the engine performances (lowering of the torque curve), but also environmental (possible raising of the NOx emissions). However, by appropriately mixing two biofuels with known opposite effects on the combustion process, it is theoretically possible to compensate the aforementioned disadvantages. In this work, some experiments were carried out in this direction by fuelling a farm tractor with four different fuel mixes; the collected data were processed through the Response Surface Methodology to obtain multi-parameter regression equations useful to identify the optimal fuel mixtures composition. Thanks to this approach, it was found that biodiesel has a positive effect on the torque, while the addition of bioethanol has a much bigger detrimental effect; on the contrary, bioethanol should be added to a mixture with a minimum of 8-12 % of biodiesel to get advantages in terms of NOx concentration reduction.

ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Use of diesel-biodiesel-bioethanol blends in farm tractors: first results obtained with a mixed experimental-numerical approach. Energy Procedia 2019, 158, 965 -971.

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Carlo Caligiuri, Massimiliano Renzi, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Use of diesel-biodiesel-bioethanol blends in farm tractors: first results obtained with a mixed experimental-numerical approach. Energy Procedia. 2019; 158 ():965-971.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Carlo Caligiuri; Massimiliano Renzi; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2019. "Use of diesel-biodiesel-bioethanol blends in farm tractors: first results obtained with a mixed experimental-numerical approach." Energy Procedia 158, no. : 965-971.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Energy Procedia
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Biofuels represent an environmental-friendly and feasible alternative to fossil fuels for internal combustion engines. The use of diesel-biodiesel-bioethanol fuel blends (ternary blends) is one of the most interesting solutions in terms of fossil fuels substitution. They provide an improvement of exhausts gas emissions without any significant sacrifices in terms of energy-conversion efficiency. However, engine operation may be affected by the fuel substitution especially in the auxiliary mechanical fuel-feed systems, traditionally designed for low-density and high-viscosity fossil fuels. In the proposed work, two easy-to-use experimental-based mathematical models have been obtained by using the response surface method to assess the behaviour of fuel feed-pumps when biofuels blends are used. Density and mass flow-rates have been measured for several fuel mixtures and at different temperatures. The proposed equations are intended to be used as a practical tool, based on the optimal behaviour of the fuel feed-pump, in order to choose the best ternary fuel-mixture composition and/or predict/infer the engine performances under non-tested conditions (i.e., other mixtures’ compositions and temperatures, however within the inquired domain).

ACS Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Marco Bietresato; Massimiliano Renzi. The effect of using diesel-biodiesel-bioethanol blends on the fuel feed pump of a small-scale internal combustion engine. Energy Procedia 2019, 158, 953 -958.

AMA Style

Carlo Caligiuri, Marco Bietresato, Massimiliano Renzi. The effect of using diesel-biodiesel-bioethanol blends on the fuel feed pump of a small-scale internal combustion engine. Energy Procedia. 2019; 158 ():953-958.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlo Caligiuri; Marco Bietresato; Massimiliano Renzi. 2019. "The effect of using diesel-biodiesel-bioethanol blends on the fuel feed pump of a small-scale internal combustion engine." Energy Procedia 158, no. : 953-958.

Conference paper
Published: 23 May 2018 in 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development
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ACS Style

Marco Bietresato; Fabrizio Mazzetto. Ideation, realization and experimentation of prototype device for measuring farm tractor fuel consumption during dyno tests. 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Bietresato, Fabrizio Mazzetto. Ideation, realization and experimentation of prototype device for measuring farm tractor fuel consumption during dyno tests. 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bietresato; Fabrizio Mazzetto. 2018. "Ideation, realization and experimentation of prototype device for measuring farm tractor fuel consumption during dyno tests." 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development , no. : 1.