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Prof. Dr. Antonio ZUORRO
Sapienza Univeristy of Rome, Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment

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0 Green
0 Wastewater Treatment
0 Advanced oxidation processes
0 Green Chemical Reaction Engineering
0 waste valorization

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waste valorization
sustainable production
Wastewater Treatment
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Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Compared to other food categories, fruits and vegetables are the most wasted. This leads to the squandering of economic, social, and environmental resources. The reallocation of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) into animal feed contributes to the sustainability of livestock production, reducing the impact of feed production for land use. In this study, the fruit and vegetable waste from the General Wholesale Market of Milan was considered. FVW samples were collected for one year and were analysed for safety parameters and nutritional, vitamin, and mineral composition. Data showed that dry matter (DM) was on average 10.82 ± 1.21% and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was on average 22.43 ± 4.52% DM. The presence of soluble sugars (30.51 ± 7.61% DM, on average) was also detected. However, the high moisture content of this waste makes it easily perishable, with detrimental effects on quality, storage, and transportation. A strategy was therefore proposed to reduce the water content of FVW by pressing. Overall, the results highlighted the significant nutritional value of FVW from the wholesale market and the need to develop appropriate technologies to maintain the food chain line safe.

ACS Style

Doriana Eurosia Angela Tedesco; Sveva Scarioni; Aldo Tava; Sara Panseri; Antonio Zuorro. Fruit and Vegetable Wholesale Market Waste: Safety and Nutritional Characterisation for Their Potential Re-Use in Livestock Nutrition. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9478 .

AMA Style

Doriana Eurosia Angela Tedesco, Sveva Scarioni, Aldo Tava, Sara Panseri, Antonio Zuorro. Fruit and Vegetable Wholesale Market Waste: Safety and Nutritional Characterisation for Their Potential Re-Use in Livestock Nutrition. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9478.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Doriana Eurosia Angela Tedesco; Sveva Scarioni; Aldo Tava; Sara Panseri; Antonio Zuorro. 2021. "Fruit and Vegetable Wholesale Market Waste: Safety and Nutritional Characterisation for Their Potential Re-Use in Livestock Nutrition." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9478.

Review
Published: 06 July 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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Sustainability and renewability are demanding the most important challenges that need to be achieved. Therefore, microalgae and Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDEs) are two classes that deserve particular attention that can allow to meet the sustainability. Microalgae, as raw materials, can produce a variety of value-added compounds, which have numerous applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetics sector. While, NaDES have peculiar characteristics that allow the recovery of various value-added compounds from microalgae biomass in sustainable manner. Microalgal compounds can be extracted using organic acids, alcohols or sugars by employing the NaDES process. These solvents act as are non-toxic, non-volatile and renewable during NaDES process. Considering the properties shown by microalgae and NaDES separately, a combined microalgae-NaDES extraction is extremely promising for future industrial applications. However, this technology requires proper pre-treatment of microalgal biomass to attain the complete recovery of valuable compounds. In conclusion, this review summarize the potential application of NaDES for extraction of intracellular compounds from microalgal biomass and their related pre-treatments to improve the extraction efficiency.

ACS Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Francesca Fratini; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. Green extraction of value-added compounds form microalgae: A short review on natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) and related pre-treatments. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105989 .

AMA Style

Sanjeet Mehariya, Francesca Fratini, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. Green extraction of value-added compounds form microalgae: A short review on natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) and related pre-treatments. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (5):105989.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Francesca Fratini; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2021. "Green extraction of value-added compounds form microalgae: A short review on natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) and related pre-treatments." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 5: 105989.

Review
Published: 19 April 2021 in Energies
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The increasing world population generates huge amounts of wastewater as well as large energy demand. Additionally, fossil fuel’s combustion for energy production causes the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants. Therefore, there is a strong need to find alternative green approaches for wastewater treatment and energy production. Microalgae biorefineries could represent an effective strategy to mitigate the above problems. Microalgae biorefineries are a sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment processes, as they potentially allow wastewater to be treated at lower costs and with lower energy consumption. Furthermore, they provide an effective means to recover valuable compounds for biofuel production or other applications. This review focuses on the current scenario and future prospects of microalgae biorefineries aimed at combining wastewater treatment with biofuel production. First, the different microalgal cultivation systems are examined, and their main characteristics and limitations are discussed. Then, the technologies available for converting the biomass produced during wastewater treatment into biofuel are critically analyzed. Finally, current challenges and research directions for biofuel production and wastewater treatment through this approach are outlined.

ACS Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Rahul Goswami; Pradeep Verma; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries. Energies 2021, 14, 2282 .

AMA Style

Sanjeet Mehariya, Rahul Goswami, Pradeep Verma, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Rahul Goswami; Pradeep Verma; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2021. "Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries." Energies 14, no. 8: 2282.

Research article
Published: 12 April 2021 in ACS Omega
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Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are a group of brilliant pigment proteins found in cyanobacteria and red algae; their synthesis and accumulation depend on several factors such as the type of strain employed, nutrient concentration, light intensity, light regimes, and others. This study evaluates the effect of macronutrients (citrate buffer, NaNO3, K2HPO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, Na2CO3, and EDTA) and the concentration of trace metals in BG-11 media on the accumulation of PBPs in a thermotolerant strain of Oscillatoria sp. The strain was grown in BG-11 media at 28 °C with a light:dark cycle of 12:12 h at 100 μmol m–2 s–1 for 15 days, and the effect of nutrients was evaluated using a Plackett–Burman Design followed by optimization using a response surface methodology. Results from the concentration of trace metals show that it can be reduced up to half-strength in its initial concentration without affecting both biomass and PBPs. Results from the Plackett–Burman Design revealed that only NaNO3, Na2CO3, and K2HPO4 show a significant increase in PBP production. Optimization employed a central Non-Factorial Response Surface Design with three levels and four factors (34) using NaNO3, Na2CO3, K2HPO4, and trace metals as variables, while the other components of BG-11 media (citrate buffer, MgSO4, CaCl2, and EDTA) were used in half of their initial concentration. Results from the optimization show that interaction between Na2CO3 and K2HPO4 highly increased PBPs’ concentration, with values of 15.21, 3.95, and 1.89 (% w/w), respectively. These results demonstrate that identifying and adjusting the concentration of critical nutrients can increase the concentration of PBPs up to two times for phycocyanin and allophycocyanin while four times for phycoerythrin. Finally, the reduction in non-key nutrients’ concentration will reduce the production costs of colorants at an industrial scale and increase the sustainability of the process.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Angela G. Leal-Jerez; Leidy K. Morales-Rivas; Sandra O. Mogollón-Londoño; Edwar M. Sanchez-Galvis; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. Enhancement of Phycobiliprotein Accumulation in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. through Media Optimization. ACS Omega 2021, 6, 10527 -10536.

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Angela G. Leal-Jerez, Leidy K. Morales-Rivas, Sandra O. Mogollón-Londoño, Edwar M. Sanchez-Galvis, Janet B. García-Martínez, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. Enhancement of Phycobiliprotein Accumulation in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. through Media Optimization. ACS Omega. 2021; 6 (16):10527-10536.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Angela G. Leal-Jerez; Leidy K. Morales-Rivas; Sandra O. Mogollón-Londoño; Edwar M. Sanchez-Galvis; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. 2021. "Enhancement of Phycobiliprotein Accumulation in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. through Media Optimization." ACS Omega 6, no. 16: 10527-10536.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Journal of Water Process Engineering
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A combined advanced oxidation process based on the electrochemical oxidation of chloramphenicol (CHL) on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode under UV irradiation was investigated. The influence of the main process parameters (current density, pH, temperature, and chloride concentration) on CHL degradation and mineralization was assessed. An estimation of the energy consumption required to mineralize CHL was also made. The results showed that CHL can be completely degraded and extensively mineralized by 3-h UV-assisted anodic oxidation on BDD. The process can be further accelerated by chlorides, as these species act as precursors for the photo-induced formation of radical species contributing to CHL oxidation. Under optimal conditions (300 mA m–2, 0.01 M NaCl, ambient temperature, and pH 10), complete CHL removal occurred after 150 min of treatment, and approximately 95 % mineralization was achieved in 180 min. Overall, the results obtained suggest that the investigated process may represent a promising approach to treat wastewaters containing CHL or other recalcitrant antibiotics.

ACS Style

Rawdha Ennouri; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro; Sourour C. Elaoud; Elisabetta Petrucci. Degradation of chloramphenicol in water by oxidation on a boron-doped diamond electrode under UV irradiation. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2021, 41, 101995 .

AMA Style

Rawdha Ennouri, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro, Sourour C. Elaoud, Elisabetta Petrucci. Degradation of chloramphenicol in water by oxidation on a boron-doped diamond electrode under UV irradiation. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2021; 41 ():101995.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rawdha Ennouri; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro; Sourour C. Elaoud; Elisabetta Petrucci. 2021. "Degradation of chloramphenicol in water by oxidation on a boron-doped diamond electrode under UV irradiation." Journal of Water Process Engineering 41, no. : 101995.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2021 in Water
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Waste valorization strategies are key to achieve more sustainable production within the shrimp industry. The crustacean exoskeletons can be potentially used to obtain value-added products such as chitosan. A comprehensive analysis including both safety and sustainability aspects of chitosan production from shrimp shells is presented in this study. The inherent safety analysis and sustainability evaluation was performed using the Inherent Safety Index (ISI) methodology and the Sustainable Weighted Return on Investment Metric (SWROIM), respectively. The process was designed for a processing capacity of 57,000 t/year. The return on investment (%ROI), potential environmental impact (PEI output), exergy efficiency, and the total inherent safety index (ITI) were used as indicators to evaluate process sustainability. The total inherent safety index was estimated at 25 indicating that the process is inherently unsafe. The main process risks were given by handling of flammable substances, reactivity, and inventory subindices. The overall sustainability evaluation showed a SWROIM of 36.33% indicating that the case study showed higher weighted performance compared to the return on investment metric of 18.08%.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Kariana Moreno-Sader; Ángel González-Delgado. Inherent Safety Analysis and Sustainability Evaluation of Chitosan Production from Shrimp Exoskeleton in Colombia. Water 2021, 13, 553 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Kariana Moreno-Sader, Ángel González-Delgado. Inherent Safety Analysis and Sustainability Evaluation of Chitosan Production from Shrimp Exoskeleton in Colombia. Water. 2021; 13 (4):553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Kariana Moreno-Sader; Ángel González-Delgado. 2021. "Inherent Safety Analysis and Sustainability Evaluation of Chitosan Production from Shrimp Exoskeleton in Colombia." Water 13, no. 4: 553.

Review
Published: 20 February 2021 in Molecules
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Oxidative stress originates from an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately impairing cell viability. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which further helps to prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices are the primary sources of antioxidants from time immemorial. In contrast to plants, microorganisms can be used as a source of antioxidants with the advantage of fast growth under controlled conditions. Further, microbe-based antioxidants are nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and biodegradable as compared to synthetic antioxidants. The present review aims to summarize the current state of the research on the antioxidant activity of microorganisms including actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microalgae, and yeast, which produce a variety of antioxidant compounds, i.e., carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and sterol, etc. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms and signaling pathways followed by antioxidants to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially for those antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated so far.

ACS Style

Alka Rani; Khem Saini; Felix Bast; Sanjeet Mehariya; Shashi Bhatia; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications. Molecules 2021, 26, 1142 .

AMA Style

Alka Rani, Khem Saini, Felix Bast, Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Bhatia, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):1142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alka Rani; Khem Saini; Felix Bast; Sanjeet Mehariya; Shashi Bhatia; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2021. "Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications." Molecules 26, no. 4: 1142.

Preprint
Published: 04 January 2021
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Oxidative stress is an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately negotiating cells viability. Antioxidants can scavenge such free radicals, thus reducing the oxidative stress and eventually prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices remain the prioritized sources of antioxidants and antimicrobial properties since the time immemorial, but in contrast to plants, microorganisms can be grown at a faster rate under controlled conditions. They are non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, and biodegradable as compared to synthetic antioxidants. Microorganisms including actinomycetes, archaea, bacteria, protozoa, yeast, and fungi are auspicious source of vital bioactive compounds. The list comprises ample of bioactive components from microorganisms. One of them is bacteriocins, which are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides product of Eurotium sp., Streptomyces parvulus, S. thermophiles, Lactococcus lactis, etc. It has a great potential as next-generation antibiotics targeting the multiple-drug resistant pathogens. Pneumocandins are antifungal lipohexapeptides derived from the fungus Glarea lozoyensis, and inhibit 1,3-β-glucan synthase of the fungal cell wall and act as a precursor for the synthesis of caspofungin. It is widely used against invasive fungal infections and has been recently approved by the FDA. Taxol (paclitaxel), a chemotherapeutic drug derived from the bark of Taxus brevifolia can also be produced by endophytic fungi Taxomyces andreanae and Nodulisporium sylviforme. It is known to inhibit several fungi such as Pythium, Aphanomyces and Phytophthora. Hispidin and its derivate isolated from P. hispidus, reduce inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, obstruct the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, and also decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages. Astaxanthin, known as an “aquatic” carotenoid produced by H. pluvialis, also has excellent ROS quenching activity. This study mainly focuses on fascinating antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds that have been scarcely investigated in microorganisms and discuss the promise and challenges of microorganisms as providers of health benefits.

ACS Style

Alka Rani; Khem Chand Saini; Felix Bast; Sanjeet Mehariya; Shashi Kant Bhatia; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive molecules for Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Applications. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Alka Rani, Khem Chand Saini, Felix Bast, Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive molecules for Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Applications. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alka Rani; Khem Chand Saini; Felix Bast; Sanjeet Mehariya; Shashi Kant Bhatia; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2021. "Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive molecules for Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Applications." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 28 December 2020 in Catalysts
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Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and low-end products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to its rapid growth and high carbon-fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL), gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, due to the complex structure of the biomass (lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins), the obtained biofuels from direct thermochemical conversion have large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper’s objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on the catalyst-mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review. Catalysts 2020, 11, 22 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Janet B. García-Martínez, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review. Catalysts. 2020; 11 (1):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. 2020. "The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review." Catalysts 11, no. 1: 22.

Preprint
Published: 24 November 2020
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The recovery and valorization of waste are some of the key aspects of sustainable production. The crustacean exoskeletons can be potentially used to obtain value-added products such as chitosan. A comprehensive analysis including both safety and sustainability aspects of chitosan production from shrimp shells is presented in this study. The inherent safety analysis and sustainability evaluation was performed using the Inherent Safety Index (ISI) methodology and the Sustainable Weighted Return on Investment Metric (SWROIM), respectively. The process was designed for a processing capacity of 57,000 t/y according to shrimp production in Colombia. The economic (%ROI), environmental (PEI output), energy (exergy efficiency), and safety (ITI) technical parameters were included in the sustainability evaluation. The three first were obtained from the previous analysis performed by the authors. The total inherent safety index was estimated at 25 indicating that the process is inherently unsafe. The main process risks were given by the dangerous substance, reactivity, and inventory subindices. The overall sustainability evaluation showed a SWROIM of 36.23% indicating that the case study showed higher weighted performance compared to the return on investment (ROI) metric of 18.08%.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader; Ángel Darío González-Delgado. Inherent safety Analysis and Sustainability Evaluation of Chitosan Production from Shrimp Exoskeleton in Colombia. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader, Ángel Darío González-Delgado. Inherent safety Analysis and Sustainability Evaluation of Chitosan Production from Shrimp Exoskeleton in Colombia. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader; Ángel Darío González-Delgado. 2020. "Inherent safety Analysis and Sustainability Evaluation of Chitosan Production from Shrimp Exoskeleton in Colombia." , no. : 1.

Perspective
Published: 29 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The feasibility of exploiting secondary raw materials from marine food-chains as a source of molecules of nutritional interest, to create high-value food products and to meet nutritional challenges, is described in this report. A reduction in food waste is urgent as many sectors of the food industry damage the environment by depleting resources and by generating waste that must be treated. The project herein described, deals with the recovery of natural molecules, omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA) and of α-tocopherol, from fish processing by-products. This would promote the sustainable development of new food products for human nutrition, as well as nutraceuticals. The growing awareness of increasing omega-3 fatty acids intake, has focused attention on the importance of fish as a natural source of these molecules in the diet. Therefore, a study on the concentration of these bioactive compounds in such matrices, as well as new green methodologies for their recovery, are necessary. This would represent an example of a circular economy process applied to the seafood value chain. Fish processing by-products, so far considered as waste, can hopefully be reutilized as active ingredients into food products of high added-value, thus maximizing the sustainability of fish production.

ACS Style

Massimo Lucarini; Antonio Zuorro; Gabriella Di Lena; Roberto Lavecchia; Alessandra Durazzo; Barbara Benedetti; Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia. Sustainable Management of Secondary Raw Materials from the Marine Food-Chain: A Case-Study Perspective. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8997 .

AMA Style

Massimo Lucarini, Antonio Zuorro, Gabriella Di Lena, Roberto Lavecchia, Alessandra Durazzo, Barbara Benedetti, Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia. Sustainable Management of Secondary Raw Materials from the Marine Food-Chain: A Case-Study Perspective. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8997.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Lucarini; Antonio Zuorro; Gabriella Di Lena; Roberto Lavecchia; Alessandra Durazzo; Barbara Benedetti; Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia. 2020. "Sustainable Management of Secondary Raw Materials from the Marine Food-Chain: A Case-Study Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8997.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2020 in Polymers
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The high freshwater consumption requirements in shrimp biorefinery approaches represents one of the major drawbacks of implementing these technologies within the shrimp processing industry. This also affects the costs associated with the plant operation, and consequently, the overall economic performance of the project. The application of mass integration tools such as water pinch analysis can reduce frewshwater consumption by up to 80%, contributing to shrimp biorefinery sustainability. In this work, the economic evaluation and the techno-economic sensitivity analysis for a mass integrated approach for shrimp biorefinery were performed to determine the economic feasibility of the project when located in the North-Colombia region and to identify the critical techno-economic variables affecting the profitability of the process. The integrated approach designed to process 4113.09 tons of fresh shrimp in Colombia reaches a return on investment (%ROI) at 65.88% and a net present value (NPV) at 10.40 MM USD. The process supports decreases of up to 28% in capacity of production and increases of 12% and 11% in the cost of raw materials and variable operating costs without incurring losses, respectively. These findings suggest that the proposed design of the water recycling network coupled to a shrimp biorefinery approach is attractive from an economic point of view.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader; Ángel Darío González-Delgado. Economic Evaluation and Techno-Economic Sensitivity Analysis of a Mass Integrated Shrimp Biorefinery in North Colombia. Polymers 2020, 12, 2397 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader, Ángel Darío González-Delgado. Economic Evaluation and Techno-Economic Sensitivity Analysis of a Mass Integrated Shrimp Biorefinery in North Colombia. Polymers. 2020; 12 (10):2397.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader; Ángel Darío González-Delgado. 2020. "Economic Evaluation and Techno-Economic Sensitivity Analysis of a Mass Integrated Shrimp Biorefinery in North Colombia." Polymers 12, no. 10: 2397.

Review
Published: 27 September 2020
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Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and low-end products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to rapid growth and high carbon fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, HTL, gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, because of the complexity of the biomass (lipids, carbohydrates , and proteins), the obtained biofuels from direct thermochemical conversion have large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen , and sulfur). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper's objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on catalyst mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Janet B. García-Martínez, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. 2020. "The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 21 August 2020
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Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and low-end products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to rapid growth and high carbon fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, HTL, gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, the biocrudes obtained from direct thermochemical conversion have substantial quantities of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur) due to the complexity of the biomass's content of chemical components (lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper's objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on catalyst mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-based Biofuels: A Review. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Janet B. García-Martínez, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-based Biofuels: A Review. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano. 2020. "The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-based Biofuels: A Review." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Nowadays, inherently safer designs are considered as key priorities to prevent or mitigate serious incidents with devastating consequences. The need for process safety assessment during early design phases has motivated the development of several contributions related to computer-aided assessment methodologies to measure the inherent safety of chemical processes. In this work, the large-scale production of chitosan from shrimp wastes was evaluated from a process safety point of view using the numerical descriptive inherent safety technique (NuDIST). To this end, simulation of the chitosan production was performed using Aspen Plus ® to obtain extended mass and energy balances. The assessment of all the chemicals involved within the process was carried out for the following safety parameters: explosivity (EXP), flammability (FL), and toxicity (TOX). The safety assessment of the process included the parameters of temperature (T), pressure (P), and heat of reaction (HR). The maximum chemical safety score was estimated in 171.01 with ethanol as the main contributor to the parameters of explosivity and flammability. The score associated with operating data was calculated at 209.20 and heat of reaction reported to be the most affecting parameter. The NuDIST score was estimated at 380.20. This NuDIST value revealed the low hazards associated with the handling of substances such as shrimp wastes, chitosan, and water, as well as the non-extreme temperature and pressure conditions. In general, the large-scale production of chitosan from shrimp shells was shown to be an inherently safe alternative of waste valorization.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Daylisney Cassiani-Cassiani; Demmy A. Meza-González; Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader; Ángel Darío González-Delgado. Evaluation of Shrimp Waste Valorization Combining Computer-Aided Simulation and Numerical Descriptive Inherent Safety Technique (NuDIST). Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5339 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Daylisney Cassiani-Cassiani, Demmy A. Meza-González, Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader, Ángel Darío González-Delgado. Evaluation of Shrimp Waste Valorization Combining Computer-Aided Simulation and Numerical Descriptive Inherent Safety Technique (NuDIST). Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (15):5339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Daylisney Cassiani-Cassiani; Demmy A. Meza-González; Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader; Ángel Darío González-Delgado. 2020. "Evaluation of Shrimp Waste Valorization Combining Computer-Aided Simulation and Numerical Descriptive Inherent Safety Technique (NuDIST)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15: 5339.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Microalgal harvesting is one of the most challenging processes in the development of algal research and development. Several methods, such as centrifugation, flocculation and filtration, are available at the laboratory scale. However, the requirement for expensive pieces of equipment and the possibility of biomass contamination are recurring gaps that hinder the development of microalgae R&D (research and development) in different parts of the world. Recently, electroflotation has been proved to be a suitable method for the harvesting of different species of microalgae and cyanobacteria. To this day, there are no companies that sell laboratory-scale electroflotation equipment; this is mainly due to the gap in the knowledge of which factors (time, mixing rate, number of electrodes and others) will affect the efficiency of concentration without reducing the biomass quality. This paper aims to build an innovative, low-cost electroflotation system for under 300 USD (United States dollar) with cheap and resistant materials. To achieve our goal, we tested the interaction of three variables (time, mixing rate and amount of electrodes). Results showed that an efficiency closer to 100% could be achieved in under 20 min using > 10 electrodes and 150 rpm (round per minute). We hope this innovative approach can be used by different researchers to improve our knowledge of the concentration and harvesting of algae and cyanobacteria.

ACS Style

Edwar Sanchez-Galvis; Ingri Cardenas-Gutierrez; Jefferson Contreras-Ropero; Janet García-Martínez; Andrés Barajas-Solano; Antonio Zuorro. An Innovative Low-Cost Equipment for Electro-Concentration of Microalgal Biomass. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4841 .

AMA Style

Edwar Sanchez-Galvis, Ingri Cardenas-Gutierrez, Jefferson Contreras-Ropero, Janet García-Martínez, Andrés Barajas-Solano, Antonio Zuorro. An Innovative Low-Cost Equipment for Electro-Concentration of Microalgal Biomass. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (14):4841.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edwar Sanchez-Galvis; Ingri Cardenas-Gutierrez; Jefferson Contreras-Ropero; Janet García-Martínez; Andrés Barajas-Solano; Antonio Zuorro. 2020. "An Innovative Low-Cost Equipment for Electro-Concentration of Microalgal Biomass." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14: 4841.

Preprint
Published: 09 July 2020
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Microalgal harvesting is one of the most challenging processes in the development of algal research and development. Several methods, such as centrifugation, flocculation, and filtration, are available at the laboratory scale. However, the requirement of expensive pieces of equipment and the possibility of biomass contamination are recurring gaps that hinder the development of microalgae I+D in different parts of the world. Recently, the electroflotation has been proved as a suitable method for the harvesting of different species of microalgae and cyanobacteria. To this day, there are no companies that sell laboratory-scale electroflotation equipment; this is mainly due to the gap in the knowledge on which factors (time, mixing rate, number of electrodes, and others) will affect the efficiency of concentration without reducing the biomass quality. This paper aims to build an innovative low-cost electroflotation system under 300 USD with cheap and resistant materials. To achieve our goal, we test the interaction of three variables (time, mixing rate, and amount of electrodes) were evaluated. Results showed that an efficiency closer to 100% could be achieved under 20 minutes using >10 electrodes and 150 rpm. We hope this innovative approach can be used by different researchers to improve our knowledge of the concentration and harvesting of algae and cyanobacteria.

ACS Style

Edwar M. Sanchez-Galvis; Ingri Y. Cardenas-Gutierrez; Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano; Antonio Zuorro. An Innovative Low-Cost Equipment for Electro-Concentration of Microalgal Biomass. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Edwar M. Sanchez-Galvis, Ingri Y. Cardenas-Gutierrez, Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero, Janet B. García-Martínez, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano, Antonio Zuorro. An Innovative Low-Cost Equipment for Electro-Concentration of Microalgal Biomass. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edwar M. Sanchez-Galvis; Ingri Y. Cardenas-Gutierrez; Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero; Janet B. García-Martínez; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano; Antonio Zuorro. 2020. "An Innovative Low-Cost Equipment for Electro-Concentration of Microalgal Biomass." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 09 July 2020
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Nowadays, inherently safer designs are considered as key priorities to prevent or mitigate serious incidents with devastating consequences. The need for process safety assessment during early design phases has motivated the development of several contributions related to computer-aided assessment methodologies in order to measure the inherent safety of chemical processes. In this work, the large-scale production of chitosan from shrimp wastes was evaluated from process safety point of view using the numerical descriptive inherent safety technique (NuDIST).To this end, simulation of the chitosan production was performed using Aspen Plus ® to obtain extended mass and energy balances. The assessment of all the chemicals involved within the process was carried out for the following safety parameters: explosivity (EXP), flammability (FL) and toxicity (TOX). The safety assessment of the process included the parameters of temperature (T), pressure (P) and heat of reaction (HR). The maximum chemical safety score was estimated in 171.01 with ethanol as main contributor to the parameter of explosivity and flammability. The score associated with operating data was calculated in 209.30 and heat of reaction reported to be the most affecting parameter. The NuDIST score was estimated in 380.30. This NuDIST value revealed the low hazards associated with the handling of substances such as shrimp wastes, chitosan and water, as well as the non-extreme temperature and pressure conditions. In general, the large-scale production of chitosan from shrimp shells showed to be an inherently safe alternative of waste valorization.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Daylisney Cassiani-Cassiani; Demmy A. Meza-González; Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader; Ángel Darío González-Delgado. Evaluation of Shrimp Waste Valorization Combining Computer Aided Simulation and Numerical Descriptive Inherent Safety Technique (NuDIST). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Daylisney Cassiani-Cassiani, Demmy A. Meza-González, Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader, Ángel Darío González-Delgado. Evaluation of Shrimp Waste Valorization Combining Computer Aided Simulation and Numerical Descriptive Inherent Safety Technique (NuDIST). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Daylisney Cassiani-Cassiani; Demmy A. Meza-González; Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader; Ángel Darío González-Delgado. 2020. "Evaluation of Shrimp Waste Valorization Combining Computer Aided Simulation and Numerical Descriptive Inherent Safety Technique (NuDIST)." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2020 in Molecules
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Mounting evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies suggests that lycopene, the most abundant carotenoid in tomatoes, may be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of some important diseases. Ripe tomato peels are the richest source of lycopene, but the use of conventional solvent extraction methods without pretreatment of the plant material results in very poor recovery. The reason lies in the localization of lycopene in the plant tissue and the low permeability of the latter to solvent molecules. In this paper, a mixture design procedure was used to formulate solvent mixtures allowing the recovery of lycopene from non-pretreated tomato peels. Two ternary systems were investigated: (a) n-hexane–ethanol–acetone and (b) ethyl lactate–ethanol–acetone. Optimization of the ternary mixture composition led to a recovery of over 90% of the lycopene present in the peels. The high extraction efficiency was explained in terms of lycopene affinity combined with the ability to swell the plant material. A tomato oleoresin with high antioxidant activity and a lycopene content of about 13% (w/w) was also produced. Overall, the results indicate that highly effective solvents for direct recovery of lycopene from tomato peels can be easily prepared by a mixture design approach.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro. Enhanced Lycopene Extraction from Tomato Peels by Optimized Mixed-Polarity Solvent Mixtures. Molecules 2020, 25, 2038 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro. Enhanced Lycopene Extraction from Tomato Peels by Optimized Mixed-Polarity Solvent Mixtures. Molecules. 2020; 25 (9):2038.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro. 2020. "Enhanced Lycopene Extraction from Tomato Peels by Optimized Mixed-Polarity Solvent Mixtures." Molecules 25, no. 9: 2038.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The aim of this study was to assess the effects of commercially available and relatively inexpensive enzyme preparations based on endo 1,4-β-xylanase, pectinase and xyloglucanase on the thermal (TGA), morphological (SEM), chemical (FT-IR) and mechanical (single yarn tensile tests) properties of flax yarns. The preparation based on pectinase and xyloglucanase provided the best results, resulting in the effective removal of hydrophilic components such as hemicellulose and pectin, the individualization of yarns and increased thermal stability at the expense of a reduction in mechanical properties, depending on the treatment parameters. Single yarn fragmentation tests pointed out an improved interfacial adhesion after enzymatic treatment, with reduced debonding length values of 18% for an epoxy matrix and up to 36% for a vinylester resin compared to untreated flax yarns.

ACS Style

Maria Carolina Seghini; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Paola Bracciale; Fabienne Touchard; Laurence Chocinski-Arnault; Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Fabrizio Sarasini. Surface Modification of Flax Yarns by Enzymatic Treatment and Their Interfacial Adhesion with Thermoset Matrices. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2910 .

AMA Style

Maria Carolina Seghini, Jacopo Tirillò, Maria Paola Bracciale, Fabienne Touchard, Laurence Chocinski-Arnault, Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia, Fabrizio Sarasini. Surface Modification of Flax Yarns by Enzymatic Treatment and Their Interfacial Adhesion with Thermoset Matrices. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (8):2910.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Carolina Seghini; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Paola Bracciale; Fabienne Touchard; Laurence Chocinski-Arnault; Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2020. "Surface Modification of Flax Yarns by Enzymatic Treatment and Their Interfacial Adhesion with Thermoset Matrices." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8: 2910.