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Roberto Lavecchia
Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy

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Review
Published: 19 April 2021 in Energies
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The increasing world population generates huge amounts of wastewater as well as large energy demand. Additionally, fossil fuel’s combustion for energy production causes the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants. Therefore, there is a strong need to find alternative green approaches for wastewater treatment and energy production. Microalgae biorefineries could represent an effective strategy to mitigate the above problems. Microalgae biorefineries are a sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment processes, as they potentially allow wastewater to be treated at lower costs and with lower energy consumption. Furthermore, they provide an effective means to recover valuable compounds for biofuel production or other applications. This review focuses on the current scenario and future prospects of microalgae biorefineries aimed at combining wastewater treatment with biofuel production. First, the different microalgal cultivation systems are examined, and their main characteristics and limitations are discussed. Then, the technologies available for converting the biomass produced during wastewater treatment into biofuel are critically analyzed. Finally, current challenges and research directions for biofuel production and wastewater treatment through this approach are outlined.

ACS Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Rahul Goswami; Pradeep Verma; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries. Energies 2021, 14, 2282 .

AMA Style

Sanjeet Mehariya, Rahul Goswami, Pradeep Verma, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanjeet Mehariya; Rahul Goswami; Pradeep Verma; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2021. "Integrated Approach for Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production in Microalgae Biorefineries." Energies 14, no. 8: 2282.

Review
Published: 20 February 2021 in Molecules
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Oxidative stress originates from an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately impairing cell viability. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which further helps to prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices are the primary sources of antioxidants from time immemorial. In contrast to plants, microorganisms can be used as a source of antioxidants with the advantage of fast growth under controlled conditions. Further, microbe-based antioxidants are nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and biodegradable as compared to synthetic antioxidants. The present review aims to summarize the current state of the research on the antioxidant activity of microorganisms including actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microalgae, and yeast, which produce a variety of antioxidant compounds, i.e., carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and sterol, etc. Special emphasis is given to the mechanisms and signaling pathways followed by antioxidants to scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), especially for those antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated so far.

ACS Style

Alka Rani; Khem Saini; Felix Bast; Sanjeet Mehariya; Shashi Bhatia; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications. Molecules 2021, 26, 1142 .

AMA Style

Alka Rani, Khem Saini, Felix Bast, Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Bhatia, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):1142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alka Rani; Khem Saini; Felix Bast; Sanjeet Mehariya; Shashi Bhatia; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2021. "Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications." Molecules 26, no. 4: 1142.

Perspective
Published: 29 October 2020 in Sustainability
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The feasibility of exploiting secondary raw materials from marine food-chains as a source of molecules of nutritional interest, to create high-value food products and to meet nutritional challenges, is described in this report. A reduction in food waste is urgent as many sectors of the food industry damage the environment by depleting resources and by generating waste that must be treated. The project herein described, deals with the recovery of natural molecules, omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA) and of α-tocopherol, from fish processing by-products. This would promote the sustainable development of new food products for human nutrition, as well as nutraceuticals. The growing awareness of increasing omega-3 fatty acids intake, has focused attention on the importance of fish as a natural source of these molecules in the diet. Therefore, a study on the concentration of these bioactive compounds in such matrices, as well as new green methodologies for their recovery, are necessary. This would represent an example of a circular economy process applied to the seafood value chain. Fish processing by-products, so far considered as waste, can hopefully be reutilized as active ingredients into food products of high added-value, thus maximizing the sustainability of fish production.

ACS Style

Massimo Lucarini; Antonio Zuorro; Gabriella Di Lena; Roberto Lavecchia; Alessandra Durazzo; Barbara Benedetti; Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia. Sustainable Management of Secondary Raw Materials from the Marine Food-Chain: A Case-Study Perspective. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8997 .

AMA Style

Massimo Lucarini, Antonio Zuorro, Gabriella Di Lena, Roberto Lavecchia, Alessandra Durazzo, Barbara Benedetti, Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia. Sustainable Management of Secondary Raw Materials from the Marine Food-Chain: A Case-Study Perspective. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8997.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Lucarini; Antonio Zuorro; Gabriella Di Lena; Roberto Lavecchia; Alessandra Durazzo; Barbara Benedetti; Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia. 2020. "Sustainable Management of Secondary Raw Materials from the Marine Food-Chain: A Case-Study Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8997.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The aim of this study was to assess the effects of commercially available and relatively inexpensive enzyme preparations based on endo 1,4-β-xylanase, pectinase and xyloglucanase on the thermal (TGA), morphological (SEM), chemical (FT-IR) and mechanical (single yarn tensile tests) properties of flax yarns. The preparation based on pectinase and xyloglucanase provided the best results, resulting in the effective removal of hydrophilic components such as hemicellulose and pectin, the individualization of yarns and increased thermal stability at the expense of a reduction in mechanical properties, depending on the treatment parameters. Single yarn fragmentation tests pointed out an improved interfacial adhesion after enzymatic treatment, with reduced debonding length values of 18% for an epoxy matrix and up to 36% for a vinylester resin compared to untreated flax yarns.

ACS Style

Maria Carolina Seghini; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Paola Bracciale; Fabienne Touchard; Laurence Chocinski-Arnault; Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Fabrizio Sarasini. Surface Modification of Flax Yarns by Enzymatic Treatment and Their Interfacial Adhesion with Thermoset Matrices. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2910 .

AMA Style

Maria Carolina Seghini, Jacopo Tirillò, Maria Paola Bracciale, Fabienne Touchard, Laurence Chocinski-Arnault, Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia, Fabrizio Sarasini. Surface Modification of Flax Yarns by Enzymatic Treatment and Their Interfacial Adhesion with Thermoset Matrices. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (8):2910.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Carolina Seghini; Jacopo Tirillò; Maria Paola Bracciale; Fabienne Touchard; Laurence Chocinski-Arnault; Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Fabrizio Sarasini. 2020. "Surface Modification of Flax Yarns by Enzymatic Treatment and Their Interfacial Adhesion with Thermoset Matrices." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8: 2910.

Journal article
Published: 03 November 2019 in Processes
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Corn husks are an important byproduct of the corn processing industry. Although they are a rich source of bioactive compounds, especially flavonoids, corn husks are usually disposed of or used as animal feed. In this paper, we investigate their recovery by an enzyme-assisted extraction process consisting of a pretreatment of the plant material with cellulase followed by solvent extraction with aqueous ethanol. A four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design combined with the response surface methodology was used to optimize the enzyme dosage (0.3–0.5 g/100 g), incubation time (1.5–2.5 h), liquid-to-solid ratio (30–40 mL g−1) and ethanol concentration in the solvent (60–80% v/v). Under the optimal conditions, about 1.3 g of total flavonoids per 100 g of dry waste were recovered. A statistical analysis of the results was performed to provide a quantitative estimation of the influence of the four factors, alone or in combination, on the extraction yields. Overall, the results from this study indicate that corn husks are a valuable source of flavonoids and that they can be easily recovered by a sustainable and environmentally friendly extraction process.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Ángel Darío González-Delgado; Janet Bibiana García-Martinez; Pasqua L’Abbate; González- Delgado; García- Martinez; L’ Abbate. Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Corn Husks. Processes 2019, 7, 804 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia, Ángel Darío González-Delgado, Janet Bibiana García-Martinez, Pasqua L’Abbate, González- Delgado, García- Martinez, L’ Abbate. Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Corn Husks. Processes. 2019; 7 (11):804.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Ángel Darío González-Delgado; Janet Bibiana García-Martinez; Pasqua L’Abbate; González- Delgado; García- Martinez; L’ Abbate. 2019. "Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Corn Husks." Processes 7, no. 11: 804.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2019 in Catalysts
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The presence of azo dyes in textile effluents is an issue of major concern due to their potential impact on the environment and human health. In this study we investigate the photocatalytic degradation under visible light of Reactive Violet 5 (RV5), an azo dye widely used in the textile industry. A preliminary screening of different titania-based catalysts was carried out to identify the best candidate for RV5 removal. The selected catalyst was then tested in a stirred and aerated lab-scale reactor illuminated with a blue light-emitting diode (LED) source emitting in the wavelength range of 460–470 nm. The effects of pH, catalyst load, and hydrogen peroxide additions on the efficiency of dye removal were evaluated. Under the best conditions (pH 10, 3 g/L of catalyst, and 60 mM hydrogen peroxide), the dye solution was completely decolorized in about 2 h. Overall, the results obtained suggest that the proposed process may represent a suitable method for the removal of RV5 from textile effluents.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Marika Michela Monaco; Giuseppina Iervolino; Vincenzo Vaiano. Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Violet 5 on Fe-Doped Titania Catalysts under Visible Light Irradiation. Catalysts 2019, 9, 645 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia, Marika Michela Monaco, Giuseppina Iervolino, Vincenzo Vaiano. Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Violet 5 on Fe-Doped Titania Catalysts under Visible Light Irradiation. Catalysts. 2019; 9 (8):645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Marika Michela Monaco; Giuseppina Iervolino; Vincenzo Vaiano. 2019. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Violet 5 on Fe-Doped Titania Catalysts under Visible Light Irradiation." Catalysts 9, no. 8: 645.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2019 in Water
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This study investigates distillery wastewater, commonly known as vinasse, as a potential culture medium for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and its most relevant metabolites. The effect of vinasse concentration on the composition of the biomass (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) was evaluated in treatments performed in 6-L tubular air-lift reactors. The reactors were operated at 25 °C for 18 days, in total darkness, under a continuous flow of air. Results showed a rapid growth of microalgae in the first ten days, when an average production of 0.87 g/L was reached. Then, the daily biomass productivity began to decrease, up to an average value of 11.8 g/L at the 16th day. For all treatments, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of most metabolites in the first eight days. This was likely due to the adaptation of the biomass to the new conditions, with a transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. From the 10th day, the concentration of metabolites in the biomass began to increase, reaching a nearly constant value at the 16th day. The observed maximum concentrations (%w/w) were: 48.95% proteins, 2.88% xylose, 7.82% glucose, 4.54% arabinose, 8.28% fructose, and 4.82% lipids. These values were only marginally affected by the type of treatment. Overall, the results obtained suggest that vinasse is a promising and sustainable medium for the growth of C. vulgaris and the production of valuable metabolites.

ACS Style

Viviana Quintero-Dallos; Janet B. García-Martínez; Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano; Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. Vinasse as a Sustainable Medium for the Production of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803. Water 2019, 11, 1526 .

AMA Style

Viviana Quintero-Dallos, Janet B. García-Martínez, Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano, Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. Vinasse as a Sustainable Medium for the Production of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803. Water. 2019; 11 (8):1526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viviana Quintero-Dallos; Janet B. García-Martínez; Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano; Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2019. "Vinasse as a Sustainable Medium for the Production of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803." Water 11, no. 8: 1526.

Preprint
Published: 24 June 2019
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This study investigates distillery wastewater, commonly known as vinasse, as a potential culture medium for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and its most relevant metabolites. The effect of vinasse concentration on the composition of the biomass (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) was evaluated in treatments performed in 6-L tubular air-lift reactors. The reactors were operated at 25 °C for 18 days, in total darkness, under a continuous flow of air. Results showed a rapid growth of microalgae in the first ten days, when an average production of 0.87 g/L was reached. Then, the daily biomass productivity began to decrease, up to an average value of 11.8 g/L at the 16th day. For all treatments, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of most metabolites in the first eight days. This was likely due to the adaptation of the biomass to the new conditions, with a transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. From the 10th day, the concentration of metabolites in the biomass began to increase, reaching a nearly constant value at the 16th day. The observed maximum concentrations (%w/w) were: 48.95% proteins, 2.88% xylose, 7.82% glucose, 4.54% arabinose, 8.28% fructose and 4.82% lipids. These values were only marginally affected by the type of treatment. Overall, the results obtained suggest that vinasse is a promising and sustainable medium for the growth of C. vulgaris and the production of valuable metabolites.

ACS Style

Viviana Quintero-Dallos; Janet B. García-Martínez; Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano; Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. Vinasse as a Sustainable Medium for the Production of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Viviana Quintero-Dallos, Janet B. García-Martínez, Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero, Andrés F. Barajas-Solano, Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. Vinasse as a Sustainable Medium for the Production of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viviana Quintero-Dallos; Janet B. García-Martínez; Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero; Andrés F. Barajas-Solano; Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2019. "Vinasse as a Sustainable Medium for the Production of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 24 June 2019
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The presence of azo dyes in textile effluents is an issue of major concern due to their potential impact on the environment and human health. In this study we investigate the photocatalytic degradation under visible light of Reactive Violet 5 (RV5), an azo dye widely used in the textile industry. A preliminary screening of different titania-based catalysts was carried out to identify the best candidate for RV5 removal. The selected catalyst was then tested in a stirred and aerated lab-scale reactor illuminated with a light LED source (λmax = 460 nm). The effects of pH, catalyst load and hydrogen peroxide additions on the efficiency of dye removal were evaluated. Under the best conditions (pH 10, 3 g/L of catalyst and 60 mM hydrogen peroxide), the dye solution was completely decolorized in about 2 h. Overall, the results obtained suggest that the proposed process may represent a suitable method for the removal of RV5 from textile effluents.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Marika Michela Monaco; Giuseppina Iervolino; Vincenzo Vaiano. Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Violet 5 on Fe-Doped Titania Catalysts under Visible Light Irradiation. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia, Marika Michela Monaco, Giuseppina Iervolino, Vincenzo Vaiano. Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Violet 5 on Fe-Doped Titania Catalysts under Visible Light Irradiation. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Marika Michela Monaco; Giuseppina Iervolino; Vincenzo Vaiano. 2019. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dye Reactive Violet 5 on Fe-Doped Titania Catalysts under Visible Light Irradiation." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 19 June 2019
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This study investigates distillery wastewater, commonly known as vinasse, as a potential culture medium for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and its most relevant metabolites. The effect of vinasse concentration on the composition of the biomass (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) was evaluated in treatments performed in 6-L tubular air-lift reactors. The reactors were operated at 25 °C for 18 days, in total darkness, under a continuous flow of air. Results showed a rapid growth of microalgae in the first ten days, when an average production of 0.87 g/L was reached. Then, the daily biomass productivity began to decrease, up to an average value of 11.8 g/L at the 16th day. For all treatments, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of most metabolites in the first eight days. This was likely due to the adaptation of the biomass to the new conditions, with a the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. From the 10th day, the concentration of metabolites in the biomass began to increase, reaching a nearly constant value at the 16th day. The observed maximum concentrations (%w/w) were: 48.95% proteins, 2.88% xylose, 7.82% glucose, 4.54% arabinose, 8.28% fructose and 4.82% lipids. These values were only marginally affected by the type of treatment. Overall, the results obtained suggest that vinasse is a promising and sustainable medium for the growth of C. vulgaris and the production of valuable metabolites.

ACS Style

Viviana Quintero-Dallos; Janet Bibiana García-Martínez; Jefferson Eduardo Contreras-Ropero; Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira; Andrés Fernando Barajas-Solano; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. Distillery Wastewater as a Sustainable Medium for Microalgae Production. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Viviana Quintero-Dallos, Janet Bibiana García-Martínez, Jefferson Eduardo Contreras-Ropero, Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira, Andrés Fernando Barajas-Solano, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. Distillery Wastewater as a Sustainable Medium for Microalgae Production. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viviana Quintero-Dallos; Janet Bibiana García-Martínez; Jefferson Eduardo Contreras-Ropero; Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira; Andrés Fernando Barajas-Solano; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2019. "Distillery Wastewater as a Sustainable Medium for Microalgae Production." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2019 in Processes
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The production of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from bilberry waste (BW) and red currant waste (RCW) extracts was studied. Red fruit extracts were obtained by treating BW and RCW with aqueous ethanol (50% v/v) at 40 °C. The formation of nanoparticles was monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the intensity of the surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) of silver. The effects of temperature (20–60 °C) and pH (8–12) on the reaction kinetics and on the properties of Ag-NPs were investigated. Characterization by XRD and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques showed that Ag-NPs were highly crystalline, with a face-centered cubic structure and a hydrodynamic diameter of 25–65 nm. The zeta potential was in the range of −35.6 to −20.5 mV. Nanoparticles obtained from BW were slightly smaller and more stable than those from RCW. A kinetic analysis by the initial-rate method showed that there was an optimum pH, around 11, for the production of Ag-NPs. Overall, the results obtained suggest that BW and RCW can be advantageously used as a source of reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of Ag-NPs.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Annalaura Iannone; Stefano Natali; Roberto Lavecchia. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Bilberry and Red Currant Waste Extracts. Processes 2019, 7, 193 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Annalaura Iannone, Stefano Natali, Roberto Lavecchia. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Bilberry and Red Currant Waste Extracts. Processes. 2019; 7 (4):193.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Annalaura Iannone; Stefano Natali; Roberto Lavecchia. 2019. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Bilberry and Red Currant Waste Extracts." Processes 7, no. 4: 193.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2019 in Processes
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Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant by-product of the brewing process. BSG is currently disposed of or used as a supplement for animal feed, although it contains significant amounts of bioactive compounds of great interest to the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food sectors. In this study we investigate the feasibility of using a simple solvent extraction procedure to recover phenolic antioxidants from BSG. Acetone–water and ethanol–water mixtures were used as extraction solvents. Phenolic extracts obtained by treatment of BSG with the two solvent systems were characterized in terms of total phenolics and antioxidant activity. For both systems, the extraction yield was maximum at 60% (v/v) organic solvent concentration. At all solvent compositions, mixtures containing acetone provided higher extraction yields. As suggested by the strong correlation between the antioxidant activity of BSG extracts and their phenolic content, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts can be mainly attributed to polyphenols. Overall, the obtained results strongly support the exploitation of BSG as a source of phenolic antioxidants and the possibility of recovering them by a mild and green extraction process.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Annalaura Iannone; Roberto Lavecchia. Water–Organic Solvent Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Brewers’ Spent Grain. Processes 2019, 7, 126 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Annalaura Iannone, Roberto Lavecchia. Water–Organic Solvent Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Brewers’ Spent Grain. Processes. 2019; 7 (3):126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Annalaura Iannone; Roberto Lavecchia. 2019. "Water–Organic Solvent Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Brewers’ Spent Grain." Processes 7, no. 3: 126.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2018 in Polymers
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This work investigates the feasibility of using coffee silverskin (CSS), one of the most abundant coffee waste products, as a reinforcing agent in biopolymer-based composites. The effect of using two compatibilizers, a maleinized linseed oil (MLO) and a traditional silane (APTES, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane), on mechanical and thermal behavior of sustainable composites based on a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PBAT/PHBV blend filled with coffee silverskin, in both the as-received state and after the extraction of antioxidants, was studied. Thermal (by differential scanning calorimetry), mechanical (by tensile testing), and morphological properties (by scanning electron microscopy) of injection molded biocomposites at three different weight contents (10, 20, and 30 wt %) were considered and discussed as a function of compatibilizer type. The effects of extraction procedure and silane treatment on surface properties of CSS were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Obtained results confirmed that extracted CSS and silane-treated CSS provided the best combination of resistance properties and ductility, while MLO provided a limited compatibilization effect with CSS, due to the reduced amount of hydroxyl groups on CSS after extraction, suggesting that the effects of silane modification were more significant than the introduction of plasticizing agent.

ACS Style

Fabrizio Sarasini; Francesca Luzi; Franco Dominici; Gianluca Maffei; Annalaura Iannone; Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Luigi Torre; Alfredo Carbonell-Verdu; Rafael Balart; Debora Puglia. Effect of Different Compatibilizers on Sustainable Composites Based on a PHBV/PBAT Matrix Filled with Coffee Silverskin. Polymers 2018, 10, 1256 .

AMA Style

Fabrizio Sarasini, Francesca Luzi, Franco Dominici, Gianluca Maffei, Annalaura Iannone, Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia, Luigi Torre, Alfredo Carbonell-Verdu, Rafael Balart, Debora Puglia. Effect of Different Compatibilizers on Sustainable Composites Based on a PHBV/PBAT Matrix Filled with Coffee Silverskin. Polymers. 2018; 10 (11):1256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabrizio Sarasini; Francesca Luzi; Franco Dominici; Gianluca Maffei; Annalaura Iannone; Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Luigi Torre; Alfredo Carbonell-Verdu; Rafael Balart; Debora Puglia. 2018. "Effect of Different Compatibilizers on Sustainable Composites Based on a PHBV/PBAT Matrix Filled with Coffee Silverskin." Polymers 10, no. 11: 1256.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2018 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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An enzymatic treatment with cell wall degrading enzymes aimed at improving the recovery of lipids from Chlorella sorokiniana was investigated. Six commercial enzyme preparations containing cellulase, pectinase, lysozyme and three different hemicellulases were preliminary tested. The most effective preparations were then used as basic components for the formulation of enzyme cocktails with high cell wall degrading activity. Experiments were carried out according to the mixture design methodology. Analysis of the results revealed the occurrence of both synergistic and antagonistic effects which were, respectively, attributed to the cooperative destructuring of the cell wall and to non-productive competitive adsorption phenomena. A numerical optimization procedure was used to design an optimal enzyme mixture containing β-1,4-xylanase and β-1,4-mannanase in the ratio of 61:39 (% w/w). Pretreatment of C. sorokiniana by this mixture provided a lipid extraction yield of (74.74 ± 1.02)%. For comparison, the extraction yields from the untreated and water-pretreated biomass were, respectively, equal to (36.19 ± 2.33)% and (58.36 ± 1.22)%.

ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Veronica Malavasi; Giacomo Cao; Roberto Lavecchia. Use of cell wall degrading enzymes to improve the recovery of lipids from Chlorella sorokiniana. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018, 377, 120325 .

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Veronica Malavasi, Giacomo Cao, Roberto Lavecchia. Use of cell wall degrading enzymes to improve the recovery of lipids from Chlorella sorokiniana. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2018; 377 ():120325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Veronica Malavasi; Giacomo Cao; Roberto Lavecchia. 2018. "Use of cell wall degrading enzymes to improve the recovery of lipids from Chlorella sorokiniana." Chemical Engineering Journal 377, no. : 120325.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2018 in Oriental Journal of Chemistry
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ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Erenio González; Viatcheslav Kafarov. Kinetics of Lycopene Degradation in Sunflower and Grape Seed Oils. Oriental Journal of Chemistry 2018, 34, 2229 -2235.

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia, Erenio González, Viatcheslav Kafarov. Kinetics of Lycopene Degradation in Sunflower and Grape Seed Oils. Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 2018; 34 (5):2229-2235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia; Erenio González; Viatcheslav Kafarov. 2018. "Kinetics of Lycopene Degradation in Sunflower and Grape Seed Oils." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5: 2229-2235.

Original paper
Published: 26 April 2018 in Waste and Biomass Valorization
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The thermal properties of artichoke waste, a relatively rich source of phenolic antioxidants, were investigated before and after phenolic recovery in order to assess its suitability as a source of bioproducts and bioenergy. The two main fractions of the waste, the bracts and the stems, were submitted to solvent extraction with aqueous ethanol (0, 50, 100% v/v) and the resulting extracts were assayed for total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The polyphenol content of stems was 51.10 ± 0.74 mg GAE/g and that of bracts was 24.58 ± 0.57 mg GAE/g. Using 50% aqueous ethanol provided the highest extraction yields, with over 80% of phenolic compounds recovered. The higher heating value of artichoke waste was about 16 MJ/kg and changed very little after polyphenol extraction. The ash content of the two waste fractions was close to 5% (w/w) and was further reduced upon phenolic recovery. The elemental ash composition for the two fractions was very similar: silicon was the most abundant element (> 40% w/w) followed by phosphorus, calcium and potassium. Finally, TGA/DTG analysis showed no significant differences in the thermal properties of the extracted and unextracted materials, suggesting the possibility of recovering phenolic antioxidants from artichoke waste and bioenergy from the extraction residue. This could provide economic advantages to the artichoke industry and reduce its environmental impact.

ACS Style

Roberto Lavecchia; Gianluca Maffei; Federica Paccassoni; Luigi Piga; Antonio Zuorro. Artichoke Waste as a Source of Phenolic Antioxidants and Bioenergy. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2018, 10, 2975 -2984.

AMA Style

Roberto Lavecchia, Gianluca Maffei, Federica Paccassoni, Luigi Piga, Antonio Zuorro. Artichoke Waste as a Source of Phenolic Antioxidants and Bioenergy. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2018; 10 (10):2975-2984.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Lavecchia; Gianluca Maffei; Federica Paccassoni; Luigi Piga; Antonio Zuorro. 2018. "Artichoke Waste as a Source of Phenolic Antioxidants and Bioenergy." Waste and Biomass Valorization 10, no. 10: 2975-2984.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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ACS Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia. Protection of Human Albumin against UV-C Irradiation by Natural Antioxidants. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2018, 14, 247 -254.

AMA Style

Antonio Zuorro, Roberto Lavecchia. Protection of Human Albumin against UV-C Irradiation by Natural Antioxidants. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2018; 14 (4):247-254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Zuorro; Roberto Lavecchia. 2018. "Protection of Human Albumin against UV-C Irradiation by Natural Antioxidants." American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 14, no. 4: 247-254.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Bioresource Technology
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The effects of an enzymatic treatment with cellulase and mannanase on the properties of marine microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. were investigated. The combined use of these enzymes synergistically promoted the recovery of lipids from the microalgae, increasing the extraction yield from 40.8 to over 73%. Untreated and enzymatically treated microalgae were characterized by chemical analysis and by TGA/DTG, FTIR, XRD and SEM. Significant changes were observed in the chemical composition and thermal behavior of the microalgae. The enzymatic treatment also resulted in an increase of the crystalline-to-amorphous cellulose ratio. SEM images revealed dramatic changes in cell morphology, extensive cell damage and release of intracellular material. Overall, the results obtained indicate that the enzymes used are capable of disrupting the microalgal cell wall and that a combination of common analytical techniques can be used to assess the enzyme-induced damage.

ACS Style

Gianluca Maffei; Maria Paola Bracciale; Alessandra Broggi; Antonio Zuorro; Maria Laura Santarelli; Roberto Lavecchia. Effect of an enzymatic treatment with cellulase and mannanase on the structural properties of Nannochloropsis microalgae. Bioresource Technology 2018, 249, 592 -598.

AMA Style

Gianluca Maffei, Maria Paola Bracciale, Alessandra Broggi, Antonio Zuorro, Maria Laura Santarelli, Roberto Lavecchia. Effect of an enzymatic treatment with cellulase and mannanase on the structural properties of Nannochloropsis microalgae. Bioresource Technology. 2018; 249 ():592-598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gianluca Maffei; Maria Paola Bracciale; Alessandra Broggi; Antonio Zuorro; Maria Laura Santarelli; Roberto Lavecchia. 2018. "Effect of an enzymatic treatment with cellulase and mannanase on the structural properties of Nannochloropsis microalgae." Bioresource Technology 249, no. : 592-598.

Comparative study
Published: 01 September 2017 in Food Research International
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A deeper knowledge of the chemical composition of coffee silverskin (CS) is needed due to the growing interest in its use as a food additive or an ingredient of dietary supplements. Accordingly, the aim of this paper was to investigate the metabolic profile of aqueous extracts of two varieties of CS, Coffee arabica (CS-A), Coffee canephora var. robusta (CS-R) and of a blend of the two (CS-b) and to compare it to the profile of Coffee arabica green coffee (GC). Chlorogenic acids, caffeine, furokauranes, and atractyligenins, phytotoxins not previously detected in CS, were either identified or tentatively assigned. An unknown compound, presumably a carboxyatractyligenin glycoside was detected only in GC. Caffeine and chlorogenic acids were quantified while the content of furokauranes and atractyligens was estimated. GC and CS were also characterized in terms of total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. Differences in the metabolites distribution, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in GC and CS were detailed.

ACS Style

Alessia Panusa; Rita Petrucci; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. UHPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS metabolic profiling and antioxidant capacity of arabica and robusta coffee silverskin: Antioxidants vs phytotoxins. Food Research International 2017, 99, 155 -165.

AMA Style

Alessia Panusa, Rita Petrucci, Roberto Lavecchia, Antonio Zuorro. UHPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS metabolic profiling and antioxidant capacity of arabica and robusta coffee silverskin: Antioxidants vs phytotoxins. Food Research International. 2017; 99 ():155-165.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessia Panusa; Rita Petrucci; Roberto Lavecchia; Antonio Zuorro. 2017. "UHPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS metabolic profiling and antioxidant capacity of arabica and robusta coffee silverskin: Antioxidants vs phytotoxins." Food Research International 99, no. : 155-165.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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A combined treatment based on electrochemical oxidation on boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes and UV-C irradiation was used to degrade the emerging contaminant coumarin, an ingredient of many personal care products. The efficiency of the process was assessed by monitoring the coumarin concentration decay and the total organic carbon (TOC). The effect of chloride was evaluated and the occurrence of inorganic chlorinated products was quantified.\ud \ud The photo-assisted electrochemical degradation resulted in a faster removal and mineralization of the pollutant, compared to the treatment without UV irradiation. The observed synergistic effect was mainly ascribed to the ability of UV light to activate the peroxides electrogenerated during the electrolysis on BDD. An additional contribution was due to the photolysis of electrogenerated hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid in the presence of chloride. UV irradiation reduced the amount of residual active chlorine but not of chlorates. TOC analysis showed that mineralization occurred together with coumarin removal from the solution, indicating that no persistent organic by-products were formed during the treatment.\ud \ud The possibility of reducing the energy consumption of the process by shortening the exposure time of the solution to UV light was also investigated

ACS Style

Daniele Montanaro; Roberto Lavecchia; Elisabetta Petrucci; Antonio Zuorro. UV-assisted electrochemical degradation of coumarin on boron-doped diamond electrodes. Chemical Engineering Journal 2017, 323, 512 -519.

AMA Style

Daniele Montanaro, Roberto Lavecchia, Elisabetta Petrucci, Antonio Zuorro. UV-assisted electrochemical degradation of coumarin on boron-doped diamond electrodes. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2017; 323 ():512-519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniele Montanaro; Roberto Lavecchia; Elisabetta Petrucci; Antonio Zuorro. 2017. "UV-assisted electrochemical degradation of coumarin on boron-doped diamond electrodes." Chemical Engineering Journal 323, no. : 512-519.