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Victor Ramirez
Cátedras CONACYT, Ciudad de México P.C. 03940, Mexico

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Journal article
Published: 22 May 2021 in Membranes
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The self-discharge phenomenon results in a decrease of the open-circuit voltage (OCV), which occurs when an electrochemical device is disconnected from the power source. Although the self-discharge phenomenon has widely been investigated for energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors, no previous works have been reported in the literature about this phenomenon for electrolyzers. For this reason, this work is mainly focused on investigating the self-discharge voltage that occurs in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. To investigate this voltage drop for modeling purposes, experiments have been performed on a commercial PEM electrolyzer to analyze the decrease in the OCV. One model was developed based on different tests carried out on a commercial-400 W PEM electrolyzer for the self-discharge voltage. The proposed model has been compared with the experimental data to assess its effectiveness in modeling the self-discharge phenomenon. Thus, by taking into account this voltage drop in the modeling, simulations with a higher degree of reliability were obtained when predicting the behavior of PEM electrolyzers.

ACS Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Damien Guilbert; Belem Saldivar. Self-Discharge of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Investigation for Modeling Purposes. Membranes 2021, 11, 379 .

AMA Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez, Victor Ramirez, Damien Guilbert, Belem Saldivar. Self-Discharge of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Investigation for Modeling Purposes. Membranes. 2021; 11 (6):379.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Damien Guilbert; Belem Saldivar. 2021. "Self-Discharge of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Investigation for Modeling Purposes." Membranes 11, no. 6: 379.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Energies
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An Energy Management System (EMS) that uses a Model Predictive Control (MPC) to manage the flow of the microgrids is described in this work. The EMS integrates both wind speed and solar radiation predictors by using a time series to perform the primary grid forecasts. At each sampling data measurement, the power of the photovoltaic system and wind turbine are predicted. Then, the MPC algorithm uses those predictions to obtain the optimal power flows of the microgrid elements and the main network. In this work, three time-series predictors are analyzed. As the results will show, the MPC strategy becomes a powerful energy management tool when it is integrated with the Double Exponential Smoothing (DES) predictor. This new scheme of integrating the DES method with an MPC presents a good management response in real-time and overcomes the results provided by the Optimal Power Flow method, which was previously proposed in the literature. For the case studies, the test microgrid located in the CIESOL bioclimatic building of the University of Almeria (Spain) is used.

ACS Style

Luis Vásquez; Víctor Ramírez; Diego Langarica Córdova; Juana Redondo; José Álvarez; José Torres-Moreno. Optimal Management of a Microgrid with Radiation and Wind-Speed Forecasting: A Case Study Applied to a Bioclimatic Building. Energies 2021, 14, 2398 .

AMA Style

Luis Vásquez, Víctor Ramírez, Diego Langarica Córdova, Juana Redondo, José Álvarez, José Torres-Moreno. Optimal Management of a Microgrid with Radiation and Wind-Speed Forecasting: A Case Study Applied to a Bioclimatic Building. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2398.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Vásquez; Víctor Ramírez; Diego Langarica Córdova; Juana Redondo; José Álvarez; José Torres-Moreno. 2021. "Optimal Management of a Microgrid with Radiation and Wind-Speed Forecasting: A Case Study Applied to a Bioclimatic Building." Energies 14, no. 9: 2398.

Journal article
Published: 06 October 2020 in Renewable Energy
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This article aims to propose and experimentally validate a static-dynamic electrical model of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. The originality of this work concerns the cell voltage modeling according to static and dynamic operations. Indeed, the cells of the PEM electrolyzer may be subjected to degradations due to the operating conditions and current ripple generated by power electronics. Hence, cell voltage response and efficiency may be affected. For this reason, it is crucial to model each cell voltage to investigate the degradation and wear effects mainly caused by the dynamic operating conditions met when coupling with renewable energy sources and current ripple from power electronics. To develop an accurate model, static and dynamic operations are investigated on a commercial-400 W PEM electrolyzer stack. To enhance the accuracy of the model in replicating the real behavior of the electrolyzer, the parameters of the model are adapted according to the input current. The comparison between the experimental data and the developed model has enabled confirming the effectiveness of the model to reproduce the cell voltage static and dynamic behavior according to the input current.

ACS Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Damien Guilbert; Belem Saldivar. Cell voltage static-dynamic modeling of a PEM electrolyzer based on adaptive parameters: Development and experimental validation. Renewable Energy 2020, 163, 1508 -1522.

AMA Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez, Victor Ramirez, Damien Guilbert, Belem Saldivar. Cell voltage static-dynamic modeling of a PEM electrolyzer based on adaptive parameters: Development and experimental validation. Renewable Energy. 2020; 163 ():1508-1522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Damien Guilbert; Belem Saldivar. 2020. "Cell voltage static-dynamic modeling of a PEM electrolyzer based on adaptive parameters: Development and experimental validation." Renewable Energy 163, no. : 1508-1522.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2020 in Processes
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The fault detection method has been used usually to give a diagnosis of the performance and efficiency in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. To be able to use this method a lot of sensors are implemented in the PEMFC to measure different parameters like pressure, temperature, voltage, and electrical current. However, despite the high reliability of the sensors, they can fail or give erroneous measurements. To address this problem, an efficient solution to replace the sensors must be found. For this reason, in this work, the immersion and invariance method is proposed to develop an oxygen pressure estimator based on the voltage, electrical current density, and temperature measurements. The estimator stability region is calculated by applying Lyapunov’s Theorem and constraints to achieve stability are established for the oxygen pressure, electrical current density, and temperature. Under these estimator requirements, oxygen pressure measurements of high reliability are obtained to fault diagnosis without the need to use an oxygen sensor.

ACS Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Belem Saldivar. Development of an Oxygen Pressure Estimator Using the Immersion and Invariance Method for a Particular PEMFC System. Processes 2020, 8, 1095 .

AMA Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez, Victor Ramirez, Belem Saldivar. Development of an Oxygen Pressure Estimator Using the Immersion and Invariance Method for a Particular PEMFC System. Processes. 2020; 8 (9):1095.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Belem Saldivar. 2020. "Development of an Oxygen Pressure Estimator Using the Immersion and Invariance Method for a Particular PEMFC System." Processes 8, no. 9: 1095.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2020 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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Compared to alkaline electrolyzers, PEM electrolyzers offer high current densities and can be coupled to renewable energy sources because of their fast responses to dynamics. The modeling of PEM electrolyzers is a challenging issue to reproduce its behavior and to design properly power electronics and its control without damaging a real electrolyzer. The input current may have an impact on the dynamics of the electrolyzer and must be taken into consideration to make a model more reliable. In this work, an equivalent electrical circuit to replicate accurately the dynamic behavior of the PEM electrolyzer subject to fast current change is investigated. Based on the input current, the parameters of the model can not be considered as constant. Hence, to improve the accuracy of the model, an adaptive static-dynamic electrical model is proposed and takes into consideration the change of input current. This model is validated by using a commercial-400 W PEM electrolyzer. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model to predict the PEM stack voltage.

ACS Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Damien Guilbert; Belem Saldivar. Development of an adaptive static-dynamic electrical model based on input electrical energy for PEM water electrolysis. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 18817 -18830.

AMA Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez, Victor Ramirez, Damien Guilbert, Belem Saldivar. Development of an adaptive static-dynamic electrical model based on input electrical energy for PEM water electrolysis. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (38):18817-18830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Damien Guilbert; Belem Saldivar. 2020. "Development of an adaptive static-dynamic electrical model based on input electrical energy for PEM water electrolysis." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 38: 18817-18830.

Review article
Published: 21 April 2020 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer is an advanced technology considered a viable alternative for the generation of hydrogen-based on renewable energy sources (RES). Its modeling is essential to study its interaction with RES and power electronics. In the current literature, the models for the electrical domain are mainly based on semi-empirical and empirical equations. However, dynamic operations are generally neglected. Besides, a few works about electrolyzer efficiency have been reported, especially Faraday's efficiency, which is a key parameter to express the losses due to gas diffusion. The main purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze the reported models to describe the electrical domain. Furthermore, dynamic operation issues are highlighted and recent works about modeling the dynamics are introduced. Finally, a discussion is provided about the different efficiency (Faraday, voltage, energy) and the specific energy consumption, which are important indicators linked with the performance.

ACS Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Damien Guilbert. Investigation of PEM electrolyzer modeling: Electrical domain, efficiency, and specific energy consumption. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 14625 -14639.

AMA Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez, Victor Ramirez, Damien Guilbert. Investigation of PEM electrolyzer modeling: Electrical domain, efficiency, and specific energy consumption. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (29):14625-14639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ángel Hernández-Gómez; Victor Ramirez; Damien Guilbert. 2020. "Investigation of PEM electrolyzer modeling: Electrical domain, efficiency, and specific energy consumption." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 29: 14625-14639.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2020 in Applied Sciences
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This paper investigates the analysis of the energy management system for a DC microgrid. The microgrid consists of a photovoltaic panel and a batteries system that is connected to the microgrid through a bidirectional power converter. The optimization problem is solved by the hybrid internal point method with the genetic algorithms method and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, by considering forecasting demand and generation for all the elements of the microgrid. The analysis includes a comparison of energy optimization of the microgrid for solar radiation data from two areas of the world and a comparison the efficiency and effectiveness of optimization methods. The efficiency of the algorithm for energy optimization is verified and analyzed through experimental data. The results obtained show that the optimization algorithm can intelligently handle the energy flows to store the largest amount in the batteries and thus have the least amount of charge and discharge cycles for the battery and prolong the useful life.

ACS Style

Luis O. Polanco Vásquez; Víctor M. Ramírez; Kary Thanapalan. A Comparison of Energy Management System for a DC Microgrid. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1071 .

AMA Style

Luis O. Polanco Vásquez, Víctor M. Ramírez, Kary Thanapalan. A Comparison of Energy Management System for a DC Microgrid. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (3):1071.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis O. Polanco Vásquez; Víctor M. Ramírez; Kary Thanapalan. 2020. "A Comparison of Energy Management System for a DC Microgrid." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3: 1071.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2019 in Luminescence
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Increasing numbers of studies are using Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri), a marine bioluminescent bacterium as a model, however the culture medium used for its growth are complex and expensive. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effect of yeast extract, tryptone, and NaCl to select a simple and inexpensive culture medium suitable for A. fischeri growth and bioluminescence induction; and (2) to compare the performance of mathematical models to predict the growth of A. fischeri. A fractional factorial design was performed to evaluate the effect of yeast extract, tryptone, and sodium chloride on the luminescence of A. fischeri. The result showed that sodium chloride is the most important factor, congruent with its inducer role in bioluminescence. The best medium for bioluminescence induction was selected through an optimization plot, this medium is inexpensive, and generates the same luminescence as commercial formulations. The estimation of A. fischeri growth at OD600 measurement was statistically analyzed. All evaluated models fitted the data adequately (r2 > 0.96). The nonlinear models Gompertz, Richards and logistic provided a lower variation and a better fit of the growth estimation (r2 >0.99), showing that these mathematical models can be used for the accurate growth prediction of A. fischeri.

ACS Style

Odette Castillo‐Gómez; Víctor M. Ramírez‐Rivera; Blondy B. Canto‐Canché; Ruby A. Valdez‐Ojeda. Experimental design of a simple medium for the bioluminescence ofAliivibrio fischeriand mathematical modelling for growth estimation. Luminescence 2019, 34, 859 -869.

AMA Style

Odette Castillo‐Gómez, Víctor M. Ramírez‐Rivera, Blondy B. Canto‐Canché, Ruby A. Valdez‐Ojeda. Experimental design of a simple medium for the bioluminescence ofAliivibrio fischeriand mathematical modelling for growth estimation. Luminescence. 2019; 34 (8):859-869.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Odette Castillo‐Gómez; Víctor M. Ramírez‐Rivera; Blondy B. Canto‐Canché; Ruby A. Valdez‐Ojeda. 2019. "Experimental design of a simple medium for the bioluminescence ofAliivibrio fischeriand mathematical modelling for growth estimation." Luminescence 34, no. 8: 859-869.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in IFAC-PapersOnLine
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The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the robustness of tracking controllers for mechanical systems vis—à—vis external disturbances. The controllers designed are obtained by modifying a change of coordinates recently proposed for robust energy shaping controller. This type of change of coordinates allows to assign damping in all the states when the closed loop is written in port{Hamiltonian form. This feature simplify the stability analysis by ensure that the Hamiltonian function is a strict Lyapunov function of the closed loop. Moreover, robustness of the closed loop against external disturbances is ensured. This result is also extended for mechanical systems interacting with elastic environments and linear deformation. The robust properties are preserved adding terms in the control law via the new change of coordinates.

ACS Style

Jose Guadalupe Romero; Alejandro Donaire; David Navarro-Alarcon; Victor Ramirez. Passivity-Based Tracking Controllers for Mechanical Systems with Active Disturbance Rejection. IFAC-PapersOnLine 2015, 48, 129 -134.

AMA Style

Jose Guadalupe Romero, Alejandro Donaire, David Navarro-Alarcon, Victor Ramirez. Passivity-Based Tracking Controllers for Mechanical Systems with Active Disturbance Rejection. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2015; 48 (13):129-134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Guadalupe Romero; Alejandro Donaire; David Navarro-Alarcon; Victor Ramirez. 2015. "Passivity-Based Tracking Controllers for Mechanical Systems with Active Disturbance Rejection." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 13: 129-134.