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F. Almonacid
Advances in Photovoltaic Technology (AdPVTech), CEACTEMA, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The present work investigates how the COVID-19 related lockdown imposed in Spain in between March and June 2020 affected the national electricity sector and the share of photovoltaics in the energy mix. The analysis is conducted by comparing actual electricity demand, generation and price data with forecasts based on their pre-lockdown trends. The results show that the lockdown decreased the electricity demand by 11%, and affected even more severely the price of electricity, causing a total loss for the electricity sector of 6.1 million € per day. These losses were unevenly distributed among the different power technologies of the energy mix. The market share of photovoltaics raised by almost 1% because of the lockdown-related demand drop, even if it performed at capacity factors lower than expected. Overall, because of the lockdown and of the recently installed capacity, photovoltaic provided, for the first time, more than 9% of the national electricity consumed in June 2020, more than twice the maximum share achieved in the previous years.

ACS Style

Leonardo Micheli; Álvaro F. Solas; Alberto Soria-Moya; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernández. Short-term impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the energy and economic performance of photovoltaics in the Spanish electricity sector. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 308, 127045 .

AMA Style

Leonardo Micheli, Álvaro F. Solas, Alberto Soria-Moya, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernández. Short-term impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the energy and economic performance of photovoltaics in the Spanish electricity sector. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 308 ():127045.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonardo Micheli; Álvaro F. Solas; Alberto Soria-Moya; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernández. 2021. "Short-term impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the energy and economic performance of photovoltaics in the Spanish electricity sector." Journal of Cleaner Production 308, no. : 127045.

Preprint content
Published: 02 March 2021
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Soiling can cause significant losses to photovoltaic systems, and therefore it is often measured for the purposes of predicting long-term energy forecasts or for monitoring real time performance and triggering maintenance events as needed. Currently, the most common soiling monitoring technologies are soiling stations that use the electrical outputs of a regularly cleaned PV device and of a naturally soiled PV device to quantify soiling. As part of a new class of low-cost and low-maintenance soiling stations NREL has previously presented “DUSST”. DUSST projects a collimated monochromatic light source through a glass surface (exposed similarly to the PV modules that need to be monitored) and on to a light detector to measure the intensity of the transmitted light. As the glass surface naturally soils, the losses are quantified by comparing this soiled reading with a calibrated reading under baseline clean condition. This work presents the ongoing improvement of DUSST and the ongoing indoor and outdoor validation of this new soiling sensor.

ACS Style

Matthew Muller; Joshua Morse; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Leonardo Micheli. Indoor and Outdoor Test Results for “DUSST”, a Low-Cost, Low-Maintenance PV Soiling Sensor. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Matthew Muller, Joshua Morse, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernandez, Leonardo Micheli. Indoor and Outdoor Test Results for “DUSST”, a Low-Cost, Low-Maintenance PV Soiling Sensor. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthew Muller; Joshua Morse; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Leonardo Micheli. 2021. "Indoor and Outdoor Test Results for “DUSST”, a Low-Cost, Low-Maintenance PV Soiling Sensor." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 02 March 2021
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Accepted Manuscript (Postprint): L. Micheli et al., “Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points,” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Volume: 11, Issue: 2, March 2021.

ACS Style

Leonardo Micheli; Marios Theristis; Andreas Livera; Joshua S. Stein; George E. Georghiou; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez. Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Leonardo Micheli, Marios Theristis, Andreas Livera, Joshua S. Stein, George E. Georghiou, Matthew Muller, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernandez. Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonardo Micheli; Marios Theristis; Andreas Livera; Joshua S. Stein; George E. Georghiou; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez. 2021. "Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 02 March 2021
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Soiling can cause significant losses to photovoltaic systems, and therefore it is often measured for the purposes of predicting long-term energy forecasts or for monitoring real time performance and triggering maintenance events as needed. Currently, the most common soiling monitoring technologies are soiling stations that use the electrical outputs of a regularly cleaned PV device and of a naturally soiled PV device to quantify soiling. As part of a new class of low-cost and low-maintenance soiling stations NREL has previously presented “DUSST”. DUSST projects a collimated monochromatic light source through a glass surface (exposed similarly to the PV modules that need to be monitored) and on to a light detector to measure the intensity of the transmitted light. As the glass surface naturally soils, the losses are quantified by comparing this soiled reading with a calibrated reading under baseline clean condition. This work presents the ongoing improvement of DUSST and the ongoing indoor and outdoor validation of this new soiling sensor.

ACS Style

Matthew Muller; Joshua Morse; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Leonardo Micheli. Indoor and Outdoor Test Results for “DUSST”, a Low-Cost, Low-Maintenance PV Soiling Sensor. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Matthew Muller, Joshua Morse, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernandez, Leonardo Micheli. Indoor and Outdoor Test Results for “DUSST”, a Low-Cost, Low-Maintenance PV Soiling Sensor. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthew Muller; Joshua Morse; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Leonardo Micheli. 2021. "Indoor and Outdoor Test Results for “DUSST”, a Low-Cost, Low-Maintenance PV Soiling Sensor." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 02 March 2021
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Accepted Manuscript (Postprint): L. Micheli et al., “Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points,” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Volume: 11, Issue: 2, March 2021.

ACS Style

Leonardo Micheli; Marios Theristis; Andreas Livera; Joshua S. Stein; George E. Georghiou; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez. Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Leonardo Micheli, Marios Theristis, Andreas Livera, Joshua S. Stein, George E. Georghiou, Matthew Muller, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernandez. Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonardo Micheli; Marios Theristis; Andreas Livera; Joshua S. Stein; George E. Georghiou; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez. 2021. "Improved PV Soiling Extraction through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points." , no. : 1.

Review article
Published: 20 February 2021 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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The exponential growth of global capacity along with a reduction in manufacturing costs in the last two decades has caused photovoltaic (PV) energy technology to reach a high maturity level. As a consequence, currently, researchers from all over the world are making great efforts to analyse how different types of degradation impact this technology. This study provides a detailed review of the impact of different optical degradation mechanisms, which mainly affect the transmittance of the top-sheet encapsulant, on the spectral response of the PV modules. The impact on the spectral performance of PV modules is evaluated by considering the variations of the short-circuit current since this is the most widely used parameter to study the spectral impact in outdoors. Some of the most common types of optical degradation affecting the performance of PV modules worldwide, such as discoloration, delamination, aging and soiling have been addressed. Due to the widely documented impact of soiling on the spectral response of modules, this mechanism has been specially highlighted in this study. On the other hand, most of the publications analysed in this review report optical degradation in PV modules with polymeric encapsulant materials. Furthermore, an innovative procedure to quantify the spectral impact of degradation on PV devices is presented. This has been used to analyse the impact of two particular cases of degradation due to soiling and discoloration on the spectral response of different PV technologies.

ACS Style

Álvaro Fernández-Solas; Leonardo Micheli; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernández. Optical degradation impact on the spectral performance of photovoltaic technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 141, 110782 .

AMA Style

Álvaro Fernández-Solas, Leonardo Micheli, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernández. Optical degradation impact on the spectral performance of photovoltaic technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 141 ():110782.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Álvaro Fernández-Solas; Leonardo Micheli; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernández. 2021. "Optical degradation impact on the spectral performance of photovoltaic technology." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 141, no. : 110782.

Review
Published: 07 February 2021 in iScience
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Summary Soiling is the process whereby dirt, dust, and organic/inorganic contaminants deposit on the surface of a photovoltaic (PV) module. It causes significant economic losses and can have a substantial impact on the expansion of photovoltaic technologies for energy generation. The first step to address soiling adequately is monitoring, as soiling mitigation has to be tailored to the specific conditions of each PV system and no universally valid strategy exists. The main focus of this study is to assess the current state of the art in soiling monitoring, in order to help the community better understand the needs and the challenges in this area. The potentials and the limitations of each monitoring method are discussed thoroughly in the paper, with the support of original experimental data. An estimation of the future soiling monitoring market trends is also presented, with a forecasted need for tens of thousands of new soiling monitors every year.

ACS Style

João Gabriel Bessa; Leonardo Micheli; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernández. Monitoring photovoltaic soiling: assessment, challenges, and perspectives of current and potential strategies. iScience 2021, 24, 102165 .

AMA Style

João Gabriel Bessa, Leonardo Micheli, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernández. Monitoring photovoltaic soiling: assessment, challenges, and perspectives of current and potential strategies. iScience. 2021; 24 (3):102165.

Chicago/Turabian Style

João Gabriel Bessa; Leonardo Micheli; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernández. 2021. "Monitoring photovoltaic soiling: assessment, challenges, and perspectives of current and potential strategies." iScience 24, no. 3: 102165.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2021 in IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
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Photovoltaic (PV) soiling profiles exhibit a sawtooth shape, where cleaning events and soiling deposition periods alternate. Generally, the rate at which soiling accumulates is assumed to be constant within each deposition period. In reality, changes in rates can occur because of sudden variations in climatic conditions, e.g., dust storms or prolonged periods of rain. The existing models used to extract the soiling profile from the PV performance data might fail to capture the change points and occasionally estimate incorrect soiling profiles. This work analyzes how the introduction of change points can be beneficial for soiling extraction. Data from nine soiling stations and a 1-MW site were analyzed by using piecewise regression and three change point detection algorithms. The results showed that accounting for change points can provide significant benefits to the modeling of soiling even if not all the change point algorithms return the same improvements. Considering change points in historical trends is found to be particularly important for studies aiming to optimize cleaning schedules.

ACS Style

Leonardo Micheli; Marios Theristis; Andreas Livera; Joshua S. Stein; George E. Georghiou; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez. Improved PV Soiling Extraction Through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2021, 11, 519 -526.

AMA Style

Leonardo Micheli, Marios Theristis, Andreas Livera, Joshua S. Stein, George E. Georghiou, Matthew Muller, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernandez. Improved PV Soiling Extraction Through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. 2021; 11 (2):519-526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonardo Micheli; Marios Theristis; Andreas Livera; Joshua S. Stein; George E. Georghiou; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernandez. 2021. "Improved PV Soiling Extraction Through the Detection of Cleanings and Change Points." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 11, no. 2: 519-526.

Short communication
Published: 26 November 2020 in Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
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The efficiency of solar cells can be enhanced by increasing the light intensity and/or the number of bandgaps of the structure. However, current solar cells cannot fully exploit these two factors because of various critical drawbacks. Here, we show a novel microscale, that is, side ≈ 0.5 mm, vertical solar cell structure that does not suffer the series resistance and bandgap limitations issues of current devices. The preliminary structures investigated show extreme efficiencies, >40%, at ultrahigh concentration factors of 15 000 suns. In addition, future designs with a better bandgap configuration are expected to deliver cells with efficiencies far above 50% at extreme light intensities. This early design offers a fast and reliable route to push the efficiency towards the maximum solar conversion limit and represents a promising way to develop new‐generation ultraefficient and low‐cost concentrator photovoltaic systems.

ACS Style

Natalia Seoane; Eduardo F. Fernández; Florencia Almonacid; Antonio García‐Loureiro. Ultra‐efficient intrinsic‐vertical‐tunnel‐junction structures for next‐generation concentrator solar cells. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2020, 29, 231 -237.

AMA Style

Natalia Seoane, Eduardo F. Fernández, Florencia Almonacid, Antonio García‐Loureiro. Ultra‐efficient intrinsic‐vertical‐tunnel‐junction structures for next‐generation concentrator solar cells. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications. 2020; 29 (2):231-237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natalia Seoane; Eduardo F. Fernández; Florencia Almonacid; Antonio García‐Loureiro. 2020. "Ultra‐efficient intrinsic‐vertical‐tunnel‐junction structures for next‐generation concentrator solar cells." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 29, no. 2: 231-237.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2020 in Solar Energy
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Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) technology has reached a high level of maturity in terms of module efficiency and cost competitiveness in comparison with other energy technologies. As PV has achieved high levels of deployment, the development of devices that can help to reduce PV operation and maintenance costs has become a priority. Soiling can be cause of significant losses in certain PV plants and its detection has become essential to ensure a correct mitigation. For this reason, accurate and low-cost monitoring devices are needed. While soiling stations have been traditionally employed to measure the impact of soiling, their high cost and maintenance have led to the development of innovative low-cost optical sensors, such as the device presented in this work and named “DUSST” (Detector Unit for Soiling Spectral Transmittance). The thermal characterization of DUSST’s components and the methodology used to predict soiling transmittance losses are presented in this study. The results show that the losses can be predicted with an error lower than 1.4%. The method has been verified with an experimental campaign with naturally soiled coupons exposed outdoors in Jaén, Spain.

ACS Style

Álvaro Fernández-Solas; Leonardo Micheli; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernández. Design, characterization and indoor validation of the optical soiling detector “DUSST”. Solar Energy 2020, 211, 1459 -1468.

AMA Style

Álvaro Fernández-Solas, Leonardo Micheli, Matthew Muller, Florencia Almonacid, Eduardo F. Fernández. Design, characterization and indoor validation of the optical soiling detector “DUSST”. Solar Energy. 2020; 211 ():1459-1468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Álvaro Fernández-Solas; Leonardo Micheli; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid; Eduardo F. Fernández. 2020. "Design, characterization and indoor validation of the optical soiling detector “DUSST”." Solar Energy 211, no. : 1459-1468.

Journal article
Published: 07 September 2020 in Solar Energy
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In this paper, the soiling impact on photovoltaic systems in Aguascalientes, in central Mexico, an area where 1.4GWp of new photovoltaic capacity is being installed, is characterised experimentally. A soiling rate of −0.16%/day in the dry season for optimally tilted crystalline silicon modules, and a stabilization of the soiling losses at 11.2% after 70 days of exposure were observed. With these data, a first of its kind novel method for determining optimum cleaning schedules is proposed based on minimising the levelised cost of energy. The method has the advantages compared to other existing methods of considering the system investment cost in the determination of the optimum cleaning schedule. Also, it does not depend on economic revenue data, which are often subject to uncertainty. The results show that residential and commercial systems should be cleaned once per year in Aguascalientes. On the other hand, cleaning intervals from 12 to 31 days in the dry season were estimated for utility-scale systems, due to the dramatic decrease of cleaning costs per unit photovoltaic capacity. We also present a comparative analysis of the existing criteria for optimising cleaning schedules applied to the same case study. The different methods give similar cleaning intervals for utility-scale systems and, thus, the choice of a suitable method depends on the availability of information.

ACS Style

P.M. Rodrigo; Sebastián Gutiérrez; L. Micheli; E.F. Fernández; F.M. Almonacid. Optimum cleaning schedule of photovoltaic systems based on levelised cost of energy and case study in central Mexico. Solar Energy 2020, 209, 11 -20.

AMA Style

P.M. Rodrigo, Sebastián Gutiérrez, L. Micheli, E.F. Fernández, F.M. Almonacid. Optimum cleaning schedule of photovoltaic systems based on levelised cost of energy and case study in central Mexico. Solar Energy. 2020; 209 ():11-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.M. Rodrigo; Sebastián Gutiérrez; L. Micheli; E.F. Fernández; F.M. Almonacid. 2020. "Optimum cleaning schedule of photovoltaic systems based on levelised cost of energy and case study in central Mexico." Solar Energy 209, no. : 11-20.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2020 in Solar Energy
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Ultra-high concentrator photovoltaic systems (UHCPV), usually referred to CPV systems exceeding 1000 suns, are signalled as one of the most promising research avenues to produce a new generation of high-efficiency and low-cost CPV systems. However, the structure of current concentrator solar cells prevents their development due to the unavoidable series resistance losses at such elevated concentration ratios. In this work, we investigate the performance of the so-called vertical-tunnel-junction (VTJ), recently introduced by the authors, by using advance TCAD. In particular, we carry out an optimisation procedure of the key parameters that affect its performance and conduct a deep investigation of the impact of the main recombination mechanisms and of sun concentration up to 10,000 suns. The results indicate that the performance of the novel structure is not significantly affected by these two factors. A record efficiency of 32.2% at 10,000 suns has been found. This represents a promising way to obtain state-of-the-art efficiencies above 30% for single-band-gap cells, and offers a new route towards the development of competitive CPV systems operating at ultra-high concentration fluxes.

ACS Style

Celia Outes; Eduardo F. Fernández; Natalia Seoane; Florencia Almonacid; Antonio J. García-Loureiro. Numerical optimisation and recombination effects on the vertical-tunnel-junction (VTJ) GaAs solar cell up to 10,000 suns. Solar Energy 2020, 203, 136 -144.

AMA Style

Celia Outes, Eduardo F. Fernández, Natalia Seoane, Florencia Almonacid, Antonio J. García-Loureiro. Numerical optimisation and recombination effects on the vertical-tunnel-junction (VTJ) GaAs solar cell up to 10,000 suns. Solar Energy. 2020; 203 ():136-144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Celia Outes; Eduardo F. Fernández; Natalia Seoane; Florencia Almonacid; Antonio J. García-Loureiro. 2020. "Numerical optimisation and recombination effects on the vertical-tunnel-junction (VTJ) GaAs solar cell up to 10,000 suns." Solar Energy 203, no. : 136-144.

Preprint
Published: 03 November 2019
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The identification and prediction of the daily soiling profiles of a photovoltaic site is essential to plan the optimal cleaning schedule. In this article, we analyze and propose various methods to extract and generate photovoltaic soiling profiles, in order to improve the analysis and the forecast of the losses. New soiling rate extraction methods are proposed to reflect the seasonal variability of the soiling rates and, for this reason, are found to identify the most convenient cleaning day with the highest accuracy for the investigated sites. Also, we present an approach that could be used to predict future soiling losses through the implementation of stochastic weather generation algorithms whose ability to identify in advance the best cleaning schedule is also successfully tested. The methods presented in this article can optimize the operation and maintenance schedule and could make it possible, in the future, to predict soiling losses through analysis based only on environmental parameters, such as rainfall and particulate matter, without the need of long-term soiling data.

ACS Style

Leonardo Micheli; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid. Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Leonardo Micheli, Eduardo F. Fernandez, Matthew Muller, Florencia Almonacid. Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonardo Micheli; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid. 2019. "Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization." , no. : 1.

Preprint
Published: 03 November 2019
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The identification and prediction of the daily soiling profiles of a photovoltaic site is essential to plan the optimal cleaning schedule. In this article, we analyze and propose various methods to extract and generate photovoltaic soiling profiles, in order to improve the analysis and the forecast of the losses. New soiling rate extraction methods are proposed to reflect the seasonal variability of the soiling rates and, for this reason, are found to identify the most convenient cleaning day with the highest accuracy for the investigated sites. Also, we present an approach that could be used to predict future soiling losses through the implementation of stochastic weather generation algorithms whose ability to identify in advance the best cleaning schedule is also successfully tested. The methods presented in this article can optimize the operation and maintenance schedule and could make it possible, in the future, to predict soiling losses through analysis based only on environmental parameters, such as rainfall and particulate matter, without the need of long-term soiling data.

ACS Style

Leonardo Micheli; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid. Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Leonardo Micheli, Eduardo F. Fernandez, Matthew Muller, Florencia Almonacid. Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonardo Micheli; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid. 2019. "Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Energy
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ACS Style

P.M. Rodrigo; D.L. Talavera; E.F. Fernández; F.M. Almonacid; P.J. Pérez-Higueras. Optimum capacity of the inverters in concentrator photovoltaic power plants with emphasis on shading impact. Energy 2019, 187, 1 .

AMA Style

P.M. Rodrigo, D.L. Talavera, E.F. Fernández, F.M. Almonacid, P.J. Pérez-Higueras. Optimum capacity of the inverters in concentrator photovoltaic power plants with emphasis on shading impact. Energy. 2019; 187 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P.M. Rodrigo; D.L. Talavera; E.F. Fernández; F.M. Almonacid; P.J. Pérez-Higueras. 2019. "Optimum capacity of the inverters in concentrator photovoltaic power plants with emphasis on shading impact." Energy 187, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2019 in IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
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ACS Style

Leonardo Micheli; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid. Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2019, 10, 197 -205.

AMA Style

Leonardo Micheli, Eduardo F. Fernandez, Matthew Muller, Florencia Almonacid. Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. 2019; 10 (1):197-205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonardo Micheli; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Matthew Muller; Florencia Almonacid. 2019. "Extracting and Generating PV Soiling Profiles for Analysis, Forecasting, and Cleaning Optimization." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 10, no. 1: 197-205.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2019 in IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
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Approximately 60% of the incident energy is dissipated as heat in conventional concentrator photovoltaic modules. The hybridization with thermoelectric generators (TEGs) aims to recover part of the waste heat and transform it to electricity. Recently, the feasibility of passively cooled designs has been assessed for small sized solar cells (3 mm × 3 mm). It is expected that novel prototypes will be developed according to this concept. However, the existing feasibility studies are based on reference operating conditions, while the behavior of the hybrid modules under changing atmospheric conditions remains unknown. In this article, real atmospheric data of Jaén, Southern Spain, including irradiance, temperature, and spectral data, are used to analyze the behavior of four designs of TEG-concentrator photovoltaic modules: low ZT-low temperature (A), low ZT-high temperature (B), high ZT-low temperature (C), and high ZT-high temperature (D). This behavior is compared with that of a typical concentrator photovoltaic-only module. Results show that, while the global efficiency at reference conditions can be enhanced up to 4.75%, the annual averaged global efficiency can only be increased up to 4.30%. The results of this article will help to understand the impact of the atmospheric conditions on the real behavior of these structures.

ACS Style

Pedro M. Rodrigo; Alvaro Valera; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Florencia M. Almonacid. Annual Energy Harvesting of Passively Cooled Hybrid Thermoelectric Generator-Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 2019, 9, 1652 -1660.

AMA Style

Pedro M. Rodrigo, Alvaro Valera, Eduardo F. Fernandez, Florencia M. Almonacid. Annual Energy Harvesting of Passively Cooled Hybrid Thermoelectric Generator-Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics. 2019; 9 (6):1652-1660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro M. Rodrigo; Alvaro Valera; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Florencia M. Almonacid. 2019. "Annual Energy Harvesting of Passively Cooled Hybrid Thermoelectric Generator-Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 9, no. 6: 1652-1660.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2019 in Energy
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This paper presents the results of an investigation on the spectral losses of photovoltaic (PV) soiling. The transmittance of a glass coupon exposed to natural soiling outdoors in Jaén, southern Spain, has been measured weekly and used to estimate the soiling losses that various types of photovoltaic materials would experience if installed in the same location. The results suggest that measuring the hemispherical transmittance of the soiling accumulated on a PV glass coupon can give enough information to quantify the impact of soiling on energy production. Each PV technology is found to have a preferred spectral region, or a specific single wavelength, for which the transmittance through a PV glass coupon could be used for the best estimation of soiling losses. Overall, considering the average spectral transmittance between the extreme wavelengths of the material-specific absorption band, or the transmittance of soiling at a single wavelength between 500 and 600 nm yields the best estimations for different PV technologies. The results of this work can lead to innovative approaches to detect soiling in the field and to estimate the impact of spectral changes induced by soiling on PV energy production.

ACS Style

Leonardo Micheli; Jose A. Caballero; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Greg P. Smestad; Gustavo Nofuentes; Tapas K. Mallick; Florencia Almonacid. Correlating photovoltaic soiling losses to waveband and single-value transmittance measurements. Energy 2019, 180, 376 -386.

AMA Style

Leonardo Micheli, Jose A. Caballero, Eduardo F. Fernandez, Greg P. Smestad, Gustavo Nofuentes, Tapas K. Mallick, Florencia Almonacid. Correlating photovoltaic soiling losses to waveband and single-value transmittance measurements. Energy. 2019; 180 ():376-386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonardo Micheli; Jose A. Caballero; Eduardo F. Fernandez; Greg P. Smestad; Gustavo Nofuentes; Tapas K. Mallick; Florencia Almonacid. 2019. "Correlating photovoltaic soiling losses to waveband and single-value transmittance measurements." Energy 180, no. : 376-386.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2019 in Solar Energy
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ACS Style

Alvaro Valera; Eduardo F. Fernández; Pedro M. Rodrigo; Florencia Almonacid. Feasibility of flat-plate heat-sinks using microscale solar cells up to 10,000 suns concentrations. Solar Energy 2019, 181, 361 -371.

AMA Style

Alvaro Valera, Eduardo F. Fernández, Pedro M. Rodrigo, Florencia Almonacid. Feasibility of flat-plate heat-sinks using microscale solar cells up to 10,000 suns concentrations. Solar Energy. 2019; 181 ():361-371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alvaro Valera; Eduardo F. Fernández; Pedro M. Rodrigo; Florencia Almonacid. 2019. "Feasibility of flat-plate heat-sinks using microscale solar cells up to 10,000 suns concentrations." Solar Energy 181, no. : 361-371.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2019 in Energies
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Currently, there is growing interest in the modeling of high concentrator photovoltaic modules, due to the importance of achieving an accurate model, to improve the knowledge and understanding of this technology and to promote its expansion. In recent years, some techniques of artificial intelligence, such as the Artificial Neural Network, have been used with the goal of obtaining an electrical model of these modules. However, little attention has been paid to applying Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems for this purpose. This work presents two new models of high concentrator photovoltaics that use two types of Fuzzy Systems: the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang, characterized by the achievement of high accuracy in the model, and the Mamdani, characterized by high accuracy and the ease of interpreting the linguistic rules that control the behavior of the fuzzy system. To obtain a good knowledge base, two learning methods have been proposed: the “Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system” and the “Ad Hoc data-driven generation”. These combinations of fuzzy systems and learning methods have allowed us to obtain two models of high concentrator photovoltaic modules, which include two improvements over previous models: an increase in the model accuracy and the possibility of deducing the relationship between the main meteorological parameters and the maximum power output of a module.

ACS Style

Manuel Angel Gadeo-Martos; Antonio Jesús Yuste-Delgado; Florencia Almonacid Cruz; Jose-Angel Fernandez-Prieto; Joaquin Canada-Bago. Modeling a High Concentrator Photovoltaic Module Using Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems. Energies 2019, 12, 567 .

AMA Style

Manuel Angel Gadeo-Martos, Antonio Jesús Yuste-Delgado, Florencia Almonacid Cruz, Jose-Angel Fernandez-Prieto, Joaquin Canada-Bago. Modeling a High Concentrator Photovoltaic Module Using Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems. Energies. 2019; 12 (3):567.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Angel Gadeo-Martos; Antonio Jesús Yuste-Delgado; Florencia Almonacid Cruz; Jose-Angel Fernandez-Prieto; Joaquin Canada-Bago. 2019. "Modeling a High Concentrator Photovoltaic Module Using Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems." Energies 12, no. 3: 567.