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Majid Mehrasa
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble, Alpes), G2Elab, 38000 Grenoble, France

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Journal article
Published: 12 February 2021 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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This paper presents a coordinated control strategy based on direct Lyapunov theory to handle the consistency of AC grids in a multi-terminal (MT) modular multilevel converter (MMC)-HVDC systems during varying both loads and DC link voltage. As the first contribution, a set of dynamic equations is proposed based on separating the dynamics of MMCs upper and lower arms state variables. The dynamics consists of only their related upper/lower arms state variables leading to more effective components for the steady state terms of proposed control technique. To develop the dynamic parts of the controller, the global asymptotical stability of MT MMC-HVDC system is assessed by direct Lyapunov method. As another advantage of the separated dynamic equations, the Lyapunov theory is able to exploit very simple decoupled components for the dynamic parts of proposed control functions. Moreover, in order to specify the variation trend of Lyapunov coefficients, further stability analysis contributes to demonstrating the effects of Lyapunov coefficients on the MMCs state variable errors and its dynamic. As another main contribution of this paper, two independent capability curves based on the power injection capability of the MMCs upper and lower arms, are obtained which will be assessed through changing the input and output voltages as well as MMC parameters. Finally, simulation results in MATLAB software are utilized to verify the validity of proposed control strategy.

ACS Style

Reza Janbazi Ghadi; Majid Mehrasa; M. Ebrahim Adabi; Seddik Bacha. Lyapunov theory-based control strategy for multi-terminal MMC-HVDC systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2021, 129, 106778 .

AMA Style

Reza Janbazi Ghadi, Majid Mehrasa, M. Ebrahim Adabi, Seddik Bacha. Lyapunov theory-based control strategy for multi-terminal MMC-HVDC systems. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2021; 129 ():106778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reza Janbazi Ghadi; Majid Mehrasa; M. Ebrahim Adabi; Seddik Bacha. 2021. "Lyapunov theory-based control strategy for multi-terminal MMC-HVDC systems." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 129, no. : 106778.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2020 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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This paper presents a control strategy based on the input–output feedback linearization (IOFL) theory and a new control inputs-based Lyapunov function to reach the control aims for a back-to-back MMC structure in HVDC transmission applications. The initial schemes of proposed control inputs are firstly obtained by the use of proposed IOFL applied to a mathematical description of MMC. In order to complete these control inputs from the viewpoint of HVDC system stability, a new Lyapunov energy function due to the dynamics of the control inputs is defined for designing some filter compensators to execute more accurate tracking of the state variables errors fluctuations. Also, a balancing method with high simplicity is appended to main controller for the MMCs capacitors voltages regulation. In another side, it is assessed that how the d and q components of circulating currents can affect upon the proposed control inputs through analyzing their closed-loop systems. Moreover, relying on proposed control strategy, mutual effects of circulating current on the MMC output currents are comprehensively evaluated in this paper. Simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK software are utilized to confirm the ability of proposed control strategy at proving stable performance for MMC in HVDC application.

ACS Style

Nima Beheshti; Mohammad Rezanejad; Majid Mehrasa. Linearized control technique with Lyapunov function-based compensators for MMC-based HVDC system under load variation and fault condition. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2020, 124, 106333 .

AMA Style

Nima Beheshti, Mohammad Rezanejad, Majid Mehrasa. Linearized control technique with Lyapunov function-based compensators for MMC-based HVDC system under load variation and fault condition. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2020; 124 ():106333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nima Beheshti; Mohammad Rezanejad; Majid Mehrasa. 2020. "Linearized control technique with Lyapunov function-based compensators for MMC-based HVDC system under load variation and fault condition." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 124, no. : 106333.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2020 in Applied Sciences
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In order to reach better results for pulse width modulation (PWM)-based methods, the reference waveforms known as control laws have to be achieved with good accuracy. In this paper, three control laws are created by considering the harmonic components of modular multilevel converter (MMC) state variables to suppress the circulating currents under nonlinear load variation. The first control law consists of only the harmonic components of the MMC’s output currents and voltages. Then, the second-order harmonic of circulating currents is also involved with both upper and lower arm currents in order to attain the second control law. Since circulating current suppression is the main aim of this work, the third control law is formed by measuring all harmonic components of circulating currents which impact on the arm currents as well. By making a comparison between the switching signals generated by the three proposed control laws, it is verified that the second-order harmonic of circulating currents can increase the switching losses. In addition, the existence of all circulating current harmonics causes distributed switching patterns, which is not suitable for the switches’ lifetime. Each upper and lower arm has changeable capacitors, named “equivalent submodule (SM) capacitors” in this paper. To further assess these capacitors, eliminating the harmonic components of circulating currents provides fluctuations with smaller magnitudes, as well as a smaller average value for the equivalent capacitors. Moreover, the second-order harmonic has a dominant role that leads to values higher than 3 F for equivalent capacitors. In comparison with the first and second control laws, the use of the third control-law-based method will result in very small circulating currents, since it is trying to control and eliminate all harmonic components of the circulating currents. This result leads to very small magnitudes for both the upper and lower arm currents, noticeably decreasing the total MMC losses. All simulation results are verified using MATLAB software in the SIMULINK environment.

ACS Style

Majid Mehrasa; Radu Godina; Edris Pouresmaeil; Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues; João P. S. Catalão. Power Quality Improvement with a Pulse Width Modulation Control Method in Modular Multilevel Converters under Varying Nonlinear Loads. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 3292 .

AMA Style

Majid Mehrasa, Radu Godina, Edris Pouresmaeil, Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues, João P. S. Catalão. Power Quality Improvement with a Pulse Width Modulation Control Method in Modular Multilevel Converters under Varying Nonlinear Loads. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (9):3292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid Mehrasa; Radu Godina; Edris Pouresmaeil; Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues; João P. S. Catalão. 2020. "Power Quality Improvement with a Pulse Width Modulation Control Method in Modular Multilevel Converters under Varying Nonlinear Loads." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9: 3292.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2019 in Applied Sciences
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This paper provides virtual inertia and mechanical power-based double synchronous controller (DSC) for power converters based on the d- and q-components of the converter current to assure the stable operation of the grid with the penetration of large-scale renewable energy resources (RERs). The DSC is projected based on emulating both the inertia and mechanical power variables of the synchronous generators (SGs), and its performance is compared with a non-synchronous controller (NSC) that is without these emulations. The main contributions of the DSC are providing a large margin of stability for the power grid with a wide area of low and high values of virtual inertia, also improving significantly power grid stability (PGS) with changing properly the embedded virtual variables of inertia, mechanical power, and also mechanical power error. Also, decoupling features of the proposed DSC in which both d and q components are completely involved with the characteristics of SGs as well as the relationship between the interfaced converter and dynamic models of SGs are other important contributions of the DSC over the existing control methods. Embedding some coefficients for the proposed DSC to show its robustness against the unknown intrinsic property of parameters is another contribution in this paper. Moreover, several transfer functions are achieved and analyzed that confirm a more stable performance of the emulated controller in comparison with the NSC for power-sharing characteristics. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed DSC in comparison with other existing control techniques, e.g., the NSC techniques.

ACS Style

Majid Mehrasa; Edris Pouresmaeil; Hamid Soltani; Frede Blaabjerg; Maria R. A. Calado; João P. S. Catalão. Large-Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources with a Double Synchronous Controller. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 5548 .

AMA Style

Majid Mehrasa, Edris Pouresmaeil, Hamid Soltani, Frede Blaabjerg, Maria R. A. Calado, João P. S. Catalão. Large-Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources with a Double Synchronous Controller. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (24):5548.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid Mehrasa; Edris Pouresmaeil; Hamid Soltani; Frede Blaabjerg; Maria R. A. Calado; João P. S. Catalão. 2019. "Large-Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources with a Double Synchronous Controller." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24: 5548.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2019 in Applied Sciences
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This paper presents a virtual inertia and mechanical power-based control strategy to provide a stable operation of the power grid under high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). The proposed control technique is based on a new active and reactive power-based dynamic model with the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) swing equation, in which all PMSG features i.e., inertia and mechanical power are embedded within the controller as the main contribution of this paper. To present an accurate analysis of the virtual PMSG-based parameters, the desired zero dynamics of the grid angular frequency are considered to evaluate the effects of virtual mechanical power (VMP) on the active and reactive power sharing, as well as the investigation of virtual inertia variations for the grid angular frequency responses. Moreover, by considering various active power errors and virtual inertia, the impacts of active power error on reactive power in the proposed control technique, are precisely assessed. Simulation results are employed in Matlab/Simulink software to verify the stabilizing abilities of the proposed control technique.

ACS Style

Majid Mehrasa; Edris Pouresmaeil; Hamid Soltani; Frede Blaabjerg; Maria R. A. Calado; João P. S. Catalão. Virtual Inertia and Mechanical Power-Based Control Strategy to Provide Stable Grid Operation under High Renewables Penetration. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1043 .

AMA Style

Majid Mehrasa, Edris Pouresmaeil, Hamid Soltani, Frede Blaabjerg, Maria R. A. Calado, João P. S. Catalão. Virtual Inertia and Mechanical Power-Based Control Strategy to Provide Stable Grid Operation under High Renewables Penetration. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (6):1043.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid Mehrasa; Edris Pouresmaeil; Hamid Soltani; Frede Blaabjerg; Maria R. A. Calado; João P. S. Catalão. 2019. "Virtual Inertia and Mechanical Power-Based Control Strategy to Provide Stable Grid Operation under High Renewables Penetration." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6: 1043.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2018 in Energies
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This paper presents a synchronous resonant control strategy based on the inherent characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) for the control of power converters to provide stable operating conditions for the power grid under high penetration of renewable energy resources (RERs). The proposed control technique is based on the small signal linearization of a dynamic model with grid specifications, load-current-based voltages, and power converter currents. A combination of the linearized dynamic model with the PMSG swing equation and resonant controller leads to a control technique with synchronous features and appropriate inertia for the control of converter-based power generators. As the main contribution of this work, an extra functionality is proposed in the control loop of the proposed model to solve the inherent inconveniences of conventional synchronous generators. Also, a comprehensive collaboration between interfaced converter specifications and PMSG features is achieved as another contribution of the proposed control technique, and this can guarantee accurate performance under various conditions. A current perturbation curve is introduced to assess the variations of the grid frequency and voltage magnitude under operation of the interfaced converters controlled by the proposed control technique. Moreover, by taking into account the load-based voltages, the effects of the current perturbation components are investigated. The proposed model is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment to verify the high performance of the proposed control technique over the other existing control methods.

ACS Style

Majid Mehrasa; Edris Pouresmaeil; Bahram Pournazarian; Amir Sepehr; Mousa Marzband; João P. S. Catalão. Synchronous Resonant Control Technique to Address Power Grid Instability Problems Due to High Renewables Penetration. Energies 2018, 11, 2469 .

AMA Style

Majid Mehrasa, Edris Pouresmaeil, Bahram Pournazarian, Amir Sepehr, Mousa Marzband, João P. S. Catalão. Synchronous Resonant Control Technique to Address Power Grid Instability Problems Due to High Renewables Penetration. Energies. 2018; 11 (9):2469.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid Mehrasa; Edris Pouresmaeil; Bahram Pournazarian; Amir Sepehr; Mousa Marzband; João P. S. Catalão. 2018. "Synchronous Resonant Control Technique to Address Power Grid Instability Problems Due to High Renewables Penetration." Energies 11, no. 9: 2469.

Journal article
Published: 25 October 2016 in Energies
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In this paper, a novel modulation function-based method including analyses of the modulation index and phase is proposed for operation of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. The proposed modulation function-based control technique is developed based on thorough and precise analyses of all MMC voltages and currents in the a-b-c reference frame in which the alternating current (AC)-side voltage is the first target to be obtained. Using the AC-side voltage, the combination of the MMC upper and lower arm voltages is achieved as the main structure of the proposed modulation function. The main contribution of this paper is to obtain two very simple new modulation functions to control MMC performance in different operating conditions. The features of the modulation function-based control technique are as follows: (1) this control technique is very simple and can be easily achieved in a-b-c reference frame without the need of using Park transformation; and (2) in addition, the inherent properties of the MMC model are considered in the proposed control technique. Considering these properties leads to constructing a control technique that is robust against MMC parameters changes and also is a very good tracking method for the components of MMC input currents. These features lead to improving the operation of MMC significantly, which can act as a rectifier in the HVDC structure. The simulation studies are conducted through MATLAB/SIMULINK software, and the results obtained verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation function-based control technique.

ACS Style

Majid Mehrasa; Edris Pouresmaeil; Sasan Zabihi; Juan C. Trujillo Caballero; João P. S. Catalão. A Novel Modulation Function-Based Control of Modular Multilevel Converters for High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems. Energies 2016, 9, 867 .

AMA Style

Majid Mehrasa, Edris Pouresmaeil, Sasan Zabihi, Juan C. Trujillo Caballero, João P. S. Catalão. A Novel Modulation Function-Based Control of Modular Multilevel Converters for High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems. Energies. 2016; 9 (11):867.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Majid Mehrasa; Edris Pouresmaeil; Sasan Zabihi; Juan C. Trujillo Caballero; João P. S. Catalão. 2016. "A Novel Modulation Function-Based Control of Modular Multilevel Converters for High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Systems." Energies 9, no. 11: 867.