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Prof. Krzysztof Gaska
Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

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0 Artificial Intelligence
0 Big Data
0 Expert Systems
0 Machine Learning
0 Renewable Energy

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Control systems
Artificial Intelligence
Renewable Energy
soft sensors

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Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The paper presents a methodology for the analysis of impact exerted by waste management systems on the environment, basing on the definition of environmental quality index. The index is determined by analyzing the distribution of pollutant concentrations in ambient air in effect of waste processing or waste disposal technological processes carried out in the integrated waste management systems in the area under consideration. The proposed methodology for determining the environmental quality index allows to compare different location variants for the same technology in terms of its impact on the natural environment. The result of the calculations is a matrix that allows to determine the quantitative and objective environmental assessment of the location variant. The correctness and usefulness of the model used was confirmed by a calculation example. The model is an environmental management tool that can be used for any installation. The value of the indicator is a matrix in which the size (number of components) is a function of the number of pollutants, the number of points with exceedances, incident points with the sub-areas (thematic layers) of the thematic map and the adopted values of conventional weights (depending on the size and time of deposition of a given pollutant). Comparing the matrix values, e.g. for NOx emissions for individual locations (between 1.099.98–57.901.82), indicates the measurable value of the most advantageous location.

ACS Style

Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz; Paweł Ocłoń; Sławomir Stelmach. Location of the waste incineration plant with particular emphasis on the environmental criteria. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 303, 126887 .

AMA Style

Krzysztof Gaska, Agnieszka Generowicz, Paweł Ocłoń, Sławomir Stelmach. Location of the waste incineration plant with particular emphasis on the environmental criteria. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 303 ():126887.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz; Paweł Ocłoń; Sławomir Stelmach. 2021. "Location of the waste incineration plant with particular emphasis on the environmental criteria." Journal of Cleaner Production 303, no. : 126887.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2021 in Energies
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Coke production is still of great economic importance due to its crucial role in the steel production process. The reliability of the operation of coke oven batteries depends on the maintenance of good technical condition of their ceramic massif, which in turn requires ensuring proper operation of the heating system and maintaining temperature stability in the heating flues. Regularly performed temperature measurements in heating flues due to the size of the battery and the dynamics of accompanying processes do not reflect the actual thermal state of the object at a given time. Corrections commonly introduced to the results of temperature measurements in heating flues, taking into account so-called reversion, significantly improve the accuracy of the obtained measurement results. However, still the interpretation of the results of temperature measurements in the coke oven battery heating flues does not take into account its changes during the coking cycle, even though they reach up to 60 K. The article discusses the usability of the introduction of a new, additional correction to the temperature measured in the heating flues enabling a more precise assessment of the current thermal state of the coke oven battery. The use of the method will allow for reduction of the fuel gas consumption and limitation of emissions resulting from its combustion and can be used as an effective tool for decision making.

ACS Style

Ludwik Kosyrczyk; Slawomir Stelmach; Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz; Natalia Iwaszczuk; Dariusz Kardaś. Optimization of Thermal Parameters of the Coke Oven Battery by Modified Methodology of Temperature Measurement in Heating Flues as the Management Tool in the Cokemaking Industry. Energies 2021, 14, 904 .

AMA Style

Ludwik Kosyrczyk, Slawomir Stelmach, Krzysztof Gaska, Agnieszka Generowicz, Natalia Iwaszczuk, Dariusz Kardaś. Optimization of Thermal Parameters of the Coke Oven Battery by Modified Methodology of Temperature Measurement in Heating Flues as the Management Tool in the Cokemaking Industry. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ludwik Kosyrczyk; Slawomir Stelmach; Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz; Natalia Iwaszczuk; Dariusz Kardaś. 2021. "Optimization of Thermal Parameters of the Coke Oven Battery by Modified Methodology of Temperature Measurement in Heating Flues as the Management Tool in the Cokemaking Industry." Energies 14, no. 4: 904.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Energies
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An attempt was made to estimate the annual production of CH4 at a municipal waste landfill site in Poland. As a matter of fact, the extent of the unorganized emission of CH4 from the landfill surface was approached based on the adopted mathematical model. The Ward agglomeration method for cluster analysis and the Pearson coefficient were employed to evaluate the distance-based similarity measure and to optimize methods for estimating methane emissions from a landfill as well as to verify the input parameters for the model. In order to calculate the content of biodegradable organic parts in the waste, morphological tests of the landfilled waste were performed. Physical quantities, measurements and the actual amount of the landfilled waste as well as the volume of CH4 neutralized in a collective flare were implemented in the model, respectively. The model-based findings and experimental outcome demonstrated stable gas production in the landfill with a high CH4 content. On the other hand, a rather low efficiency of the landfill passive degassing installation indicated the necessity to design and develop its active counterpart with the prospective application of the generated biogas for energy production in a cogeneration system.

ACS Style

Józef Ciuła; Violetta Kozik; Agnieszka Generowicz; Krzysztof Gaska; Andrzej Bak; Marlena Paździor; Krzysztof Barbusiński. Emission and Neutralization of Methane from a Municipal Landfill-Parametric Analysis. Energies 2020, 13, 6254 .

AMA Style

Józef Ciuła, Violetta Kozik, Agnieszka Generowicz, Krzysztof Gaska, Andrzej Bak, Marlena Paździor, Krzysztof Barbusiński. Emission and Neutralization of Methane from a Municipal Landfill-Parametric Analysis. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Józef Ciuła; Violetta Kozik; Agnieszka Generowicz; Krzysztof Gaska; Andrzej Bak; Marlena Paździor; Krzysztof Barbusiński. 2020. "Emission and Neutralization of Methane from a Municipal Landfill-Parametric Analysis." Energies 13, no. 23: 6254.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2020 in Energies
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The paper presents advanced computational solutions for selected sectors in the context of the optimization of technology processes as an innovation and progress in improving energy efficiency of smart cities. The main emphasis was placed on the sectors of critical urban infrastructure, including in particular the use of algorithmic models based on artificial intelligence implemented in supervisory control systems (SCADA-type, including Virtual SCADA) of technological processes involving the sewage treatment systems (including in particular wastewater treatment systems) and waste management systems. The novelty of the presented solution involves the use of predictive diagnostic tools, based on multi-threaded polymorphic models supporting decision making processes during the control of a complex technological process and objects of distributed network systems (smart water grid, smart sewage system, smart waste management system) and solving problems of optimal control for smart dynamic objects with logical representation of knowledge about the process, the control object and the control itself, for which the learning process consists of successive validation and updating of knowledge and the use of the results of this updating to make control decisions. The advantage of the proposed solution in relation to the existing ones lies in the use of advanced models of predictive diagnostics, validation and reconstruction of data, implemented in functional tools, allowing the stabilization of the work of technological objects through the use of FTC technology (fault tolerant control) and soft sensors, predictive measurement path diagnostics (sensors, transducers), validation and reconstruction of measurement data from sensors in the measuring paths in real time. The dedicated tools (Intelligent Real Time Diagnostic System − iRTDS) built into the system of a hierarchical, multi-threaded control optimizing system of SCADA system allow to obtain advanced diagnostics of technological processes in real time using HPC technology. In effect of the application of the proprietary iRTDS tool, we obtain a significant rise of energy efficiency of technological processes in key sectors of the economy, which in global terms, e.g., urban agglomeration, increases the economic efficiency.

ACS Style

Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz. SMART Computational Solutions for the Optimization of Selected Technology Processes as An Innovation and Progress in Improving Energy Efficiency of Smart Cities—A Case Study. Energies 2020, 13, 3338 .

AMA Style

Krzysztof Gaska, Agnieszka Generowicz. SMART Computational Solutions for the Optimization of Selected Technology Processes as An Innovation and Progress in Improving Energy Efficiency of Smart Cities—A Case Study. Energies. 2020; 13 (13):3338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz. 2020. "SMART Computational Solutions for the Optimization of Selected Technology Processes as An Innovation and Progress in Improving Energy Efficiency of Smart Cities—A Case Study." Energies 13, no. 13: 3338.

Conference paper
Published: 14 October 2019 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Usage of generated fuel components from segregated municipal waste groups in combined combustion processes with traditional fuels results in significant savings by partial replacement of fossil fuels and the reduction of environmental inconvenience that arises directly from the migration of waste to the environment. This article develops technological process of fuel components production which is controlled by advanced embedded SCADA control systems, providing monitoring of process parameters, process visualization and implementation, with the help of logic controllers of freely programmable PLC and complex control algorithms (including adaptive, predictive and inferential control algorithms) by implementation of the polymorphic model of fuel components obtaining process multi-stream optimization.

ACS Style

Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz; Mykhailo Lobur; Nazariy Jaworski; Józef Ciuła; Myroslava Vovk. Advanced algorithmic model for poly-optimization of biomass fuel production from separate combustible fractions of municipal wastes as a progress in improving energy efficiency of waste utilization. E3S Web of Conferences 2019, 122, 01004 .

AMA Style

Krzysztof Gaska, Agnieszka Generowicz, Mykhailo Lobur, Nazariy Jaworski, Józef Ciuła, Myroslava Vovk. Advanced algorithmic model for poly-optimization of biomass fuel production from separate combustible fractions of municipal wastes as a progress in improving energy efficiency of waste utilization. E3S Web of Conferences. 2019; 122 ():01004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz; Mykhailo Lobur; Nazariy Jaworski; Józef Ciuła; Myroslava Vovk. 2019. "Advanced algorithmic model for poly-optimization of biomass fuel production from separate combustible fractions of municipal wastes as a progress in improving energy efficiency of waste utilization." E3S Web of Conferences 122, no. : 01004.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The security of water delivery of the required quality by water supply networks is identified with the concept of reliability. Therefore, a method of reliability evaluation of water distribution of the required quality was developed. The method is based on the probabilistic character of secondary water contamination in the water supply network. Data for the method are taken from monitoring of the water distribution system. The method takes into consideration the number and locations of individual measurement points and the results of the tests of water quality indicators at these points. The sets of measurement points and water quality indicators constitute a matrix research (observation) field in the model. The proposed method was implemented to assess the reliability of a water distribution process with respect to water with the required microbiological quality indicators in a real distribution system.

ACS Style

Marian Kwietniewski; Katarzyna Miszta-Kruk; Kaja Niewitecka; Mirosław Sudoł; Krzysztof Gaska. Certainty Level of Water Delivery of the Required Quality by Water Supply Networks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1860 .

AMA Style

Marian Kwietniewski, Katarzyna Miszta-Kruk, Kaja Niewitecka, Mirosław Sudoł, Krzysztof Gaska. Certainty Level of Water Delivery of the Required Quality by Water Supply Networks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (10):1860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marian Kwietniewski; Katarzyna Miszta-Kruk; Kaja Niewitecka; Mirosław Sudoł; Krzysztof Gaska. 2019. "Certainty Level of Water Delivery of the Required Quality by Water Supply Networks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10: 1860.

Journal article
Published: 07 March 2019 in Water
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The process of shaping distribution network structures is one of the most fundamental design tasks, and determines the delivery certainty of media transported by them. It is especially crucial with reference to network elements of a critical character, such as roads or water supply, sewage, or electrical networks. In urban conditions, the geometric shaping of these structures has a quasi-chaotic character that is individual for each network and city. The complexity of these networks increases significantly with the size of a city, and therefore the evaluation of water delivery certainty is also a difficult issue. Despite many years of research, there is no universal method to evaluate this certainty. The objective of this paper is to present two original approaches: the number of minimal efficiency paths from a water source to reference consumption nodes, and the relation of this number to the fractal dimension of a network’s geometric structure. The developed methods were tested in the conditions of a few real water supply networks. The obtained results indicate that the analyzed methods can be used for the preliminary and relatively rapid evaluation of water delivery certainty.

ACS Style

Dariusz Kowalski; Beata Kowalska; Tomasz Bławucki; Paweł Suchorab; Krzysztof Gaska. Impact Assessment of Distribution Network Layout on the Reliability of Water Delivery. Water 2019, 11, 480 .

AMA Style

Dariusz Kowalski, Beata Kowalska, Tomasz Bławucki, Paweł Suchorab, Krzysztof Gaska. Impact Assessment of Distribution Network Layout on the Reliability of Water Delivery. Water. 2019; 11 (3):480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dariusz Kowalski; Beata Kowalska; Tomasz Bławucki; Paweł Suchorab; Krzysztof Gaska. 2019. "Impact Assessment of Distribution Network Layout on the Reliability of Water Delivery." Water 11, no. 3: 480.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment
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ACS Style

Viktor V. Koval; Angelina D. Petrashevska; Olga L. Popova; Inesa S. Mikhno; Krzysztof Gaska. METHODOLOGY OF ECODIAGNOSTICS ON THE EXAMPLE OF RURAL AREAS. Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 2019, 12, 139 -144.

AMA Style

Viktor V. Koval, Angelina D. Petrashevska, Olga L. Popova, Inesa S. Mikhno, Krzysztof Gaska. METHODOLOGY OF ECODIAGNOSTICS ON THE EXAMPLE OF RURAL AREAS. Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment. 2019; 12 (1):139-144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viktor V. Koval; Angelina D. Petrashevska; Olga L. Popova; Inesa S. Mikhno; Krzysztof Gaska. 2019. "METHODOLOGY OF ECODIAGNOSTICS ON THE EXAMPLE OF RURAL AREAS." Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 12, no. 1: 139-144.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment
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ACS Style

Józef Ciuła; Krzysztof Gaska; Łukasz Iljuczonek; Agnieszka Generowicz; Viktor Koval. ENERGY EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS OF CONVERSION OF BIOGAS FROM THE FERMENTATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE TO BIOMETHANE AS A FUEL FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES. Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 2019, 12, 131 -140.

AMA Style

Józef Ciuła, Krzysztof Gaska, Łukasz Iljuczonek, Agnieszka Generowicz, Viktor Koval. ENERGY EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS OF CONVERSION OF BIOGAS FROM THE FERMENTATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE TO BIOMETHANE AS A FUEL FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES. Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment. 2019; 12 (2):131-140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Józef Ciuła; Krzysztof Gaska; Łukasz Iljuczonek; Agnieszka Generowicz; Viktor Koval. 2019. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS OF CONVERSION OF BIOGAS FROM THE FERMENTATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE TO BIOMETHANE AS A FUEL FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES." Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 12, no. 2: 131-140.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2018 in Economics. Ecology. Socium
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Introduction. The existing state of the use of natural resources by recreational management subjects showed problems in the legislative framework regarding methodical explanations of the calculation of rental payments for extraction and use of recreation resources of the recreation management subjects have been identified. The directions of management of the recreation management subjects with attraction of recreational resources on the basis of an inclusive approach are offered. Tax liabilities of the recreation management subjects using natural resources fall into the state budget, and they have to local with them further provision in the form of privileges for improving the ecological situation of recreational and tourist territory. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to provide suggestions for improving management in the field of recreation and tourist use of nature, for example, the use of natural resources of the recreation management subjects on the basis of inclusive. The goal is to fulfill the following tasks: to generalize the existing state of management in the field of the recreation management subjects; provide suggestions on how to improve the management of recreation management subjects, which use recreation resources on an inclusive basis. Results. The article substantiates the necessity of administrative management in the recreational and tourist nature management on the basis of inclusive, namely, it is necessary to transfer the rights of state control over the extraction of medical resources to the local level, to improve the system of fiscal and tax control over the recreation management subjects with using recreation resources, etc. Recommendations of improvement financial regulation due to attraction of private entrepreneurship in compliance with requirements of environmental quality standards, standards of environmental impact, technological standards; product quality standards; environmental certification, etc. It is proved that the distribution of taxes from economic activity should come not only to the state budget, but also to the local. At the same time, taxes that come to the local budget should be used as subsidies to improve the ecological state of the same territory. Conclusions. The general conclusion is that integrated management of recreational resources and the recreational management subjects should provide implementation horizontal functions that are specific to the type of administrative activity that affects the using by recreational management subjects national natural resources of various forms of ownership. Need a clear economic justification and calculation of tax and rent income from the recreational management subjects using of natural resources. So it is necessary to amend the calculation of rent payments for the use of medical resources to increase them and prescribe methodical recommendations for their determination. It have to ensure simultaneous, common, in one economic-ecological plane for all administrative subjects horizontal and vertical branches of compliance with the principles of inclusiveness in nature management.

ACS Style

Katerina Kostetska; Marzena Smol; Krzysztof Gaska. Rational nature use of recreational management subjects on the basis of inclusive. Economics. Ecology. Socium 2018, 2, 31 -40.

AMA Style

Katerina Kostetska, Marzena Smol, Krzysztof Gaska. Rational nature use of recreational management subjects on the basis of inclusive. Economics. Ecology. Socium. 2018; 2 (4):31-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katerina Kostetska; Marzena Smol; Krzysztof Gaska. 2018. "Rational nature use of recreational management subjects on the basis of inclusive." Economics. Ecology. Socium 2, no. 4: 31-40.

Conference paper
Published: 03 July 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Selection of a waste management strategy for a region is a difficult decision that must take into account various frequently contradictory targets and tasks. This article presents the use of a multi-criteria analysis for estimating and selecting the most profitable selection of a regional-metropolitan waste management system. The final solution should take ecological, economic and social aspects into consideration. It was established that the solutions chosen needed to ensure the following: waste stream reduction, social acceptance, and a profitable economic efficiency index.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Generowicz; Krzysztof Gaska; Gabriela Hajduga. Multi-criteria Analysis of the Waste Management System in a Metropolitan Area. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 44, 00043 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Generowicz, Krzysztof Gaska, Gabriela Hajduga. Multi-criteria Analysis of the Waste Management System in a Metropolitan Area. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 44 ():00043.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Generowicz; Krzysztof Gaska; Gabriela Hajduga. 2018. "Multi-criteria Analysis of the Waste Management System in a Metropolitan Area." E3S Web of Conferences 44, no. : 00043.

Conference paper
Published: 06 February 2018 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Landfill biogas becomes an important factor in elimination of fossil fuels as a result of fast- growing use of renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of operation of the plant where landfill biogas was utilized for energy production. The average annually (gross) productions of electric energy and heat at the plant were 1217 MWh and 1,789 MW, respectively. The average calorific value of biogas was 17 MJ/m3, which corresponds to 4,8 kW/m3. According to the measurements and actual readings acquired during operation of a cogeneration unit, it can be stated that the CHP system has been working within its average operation limits and still has some power reserves to utilize. Therefore, the authors concluded that a landfill can be operated both as a producer and a supplier of prosumer energy.

ACS Style

Józef Ciuła; Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz; Gabriela Hajduga. Energy from Landfill Gas as an Example of Circular Economy. E3S Web of Conferences 2018, 30, 3002 .

AMA Style

Józef Ciuła, Krzysztof Gaska, Agnieszka Generowicz, Gabriela Hajduga. Energy from Landfill Gas as an Example of Circular Economy. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 30 ():3002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Józef Ciuła; Krzysztof Gaska; Agnieszka Generowicz; Gabriela Hajduga. 2018. "Energy from Landfill Gas as an Example of Circular Economy." E3S Web of Conferences 30, no. : 3002.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2010 in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
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Standard methods for assessing the environmental impact of waste management systems are needed to underpin the development and implementation of sustainable waste management practice. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool for comprehensively ensuring such assessment and covers all impacts associated with waste management. LCA is often called "from cradle to grave" analysis. This paper integrates information on the greenhouse gas (GHG) implications of various management options for some of the most common materials in municipal solid waste (MSW). Different waste treatment options for MSW were studied in a system analysis. Different combinations of recycling (cardboard, plastics, glass, metals), biological treatment (composting), and incineration as well as land-filling were studied. The index of environmental burden in the global warming impact category was calculated. The calculations are based on LCA methodology. All emissions taking place in the whole life cycle system were taken into account. The analysis included "own emissions," or emissions from the system at all stages of the life cycle, and "linked emissions," or emissions from other sources linked with the system in an indirect way. Avoided emissions caused by recycling and energy recovery were included in the analysis. Displaced emissions of GHGs originate from the substitution of energy or materials derived from waste for alternative sources. The complex analysis of the environmental impact of municipal waste management systems before and after application of changes in MSW systems according to European Union regulations is presented in this paper. The evaluation is made for MSW systems in Poland.

ACS Style

Krzysztof Pikoń; Krzysztof Gaska. Greenhouse gas emission mitigation relevant to changes in municipal solid waste management system. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2010, 60, 782 -788.

AMA Style

Krzysztof Pikoń, Krzysztof Gaska. Greenhouse gas emission mitigation relevant to changes in municipal solid waste management system. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 2010; 60 (7):782-788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Pikoń; Krzysztof Gaska. 2010. "Greenhouse gas emission mitigation relevant to changes in municipal solid waste management system." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 60, no. 7: 782-788.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2008 in Waste Management
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The increasing demand for thermal and electric energy in many branches of industry and municipal management accounts for a drastic diminishing of natural resources (fossil fuels). Meanwhile, in numerous technical processes, a huge mass of wastes is produced. A segregated and converted combustible fraction of the wastes, with relatively high calorific value, may be used as a component of formed fuels. The utilization of the formed fuel components from segregated groups of waste in associated processes of co-combustion with conventional fuels causes significant savings resulting from partial replacement of fossil fuels, and reduction of environmental pollution resulting directly from the limitation of waste migration to the environment (soil, atmospheric air, surface and underground water). The realization of technological processes with the utilization of formed fuel in associated thermal systems should be qualified by technical criteria, which means that elementary processes as well as factors of sustainable development, from a global viewpoint, must not be disturbed. The utilization of post-process waste should be preceded by detailed technical, ecological and economic analyses. In order to optimize the mixing process of fuel components, a mathematical model of the forming process was created. The model is defined as a group of data structures which uniquely identify a real process and conversion of this data in algorithms based on a problem of linear programming. The paper also presents the optimization of parameters in the process of forming fuels using a modified simplex algorithm with a polynomial worktime. This model is a datum-point in the numerical modeling of real processes, allowing a precise determination of the optimal elementary composition of formed fuels components, with assumed constraints and decision variables of the task.

ACS Style

Krzysztof Gaska; Andrzej J. Wandrasz. Mathematical modeling of biomass fuels formation process. Waste Management 2008, 28, 973 -985.

AMA Style

Krzysztof Gaska, Andrzej J. Wandrasz. Mathematical modeling of biomass fuels formation process. Waste Management. 2008; 28 (6):973-985.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krzysztof Gaska; Andrzej J. Wandrasz. 2008. "Mathematical modeling of biomass fuels formation process." Waste Management 28, no. 6: 973-985.