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The selective application of insecticides is one of the cornerstones of integrated pest management (IPM) and management strategies for pest resistance to insecticides. The present work provides a comprehensive overview of the traditional and new methods for the application of gas, liquid, gel, and solid physical insecticide formulations to control stored-product and food industry urban pests from the taxa Acarina, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, and Zygentoma. Various definitions and concepts historically and currently used for various pesticide application formulations and methods are also described. This review demonstrates that new technological advances have sparked renewed research interest in the optimization of conventional methods such as insecticide aerosols, sprays, fumigants, and inert gases. Insect growth regulators/disruptors (IGRs/IGDs) are increasingly employed in baits, aerosols, residual treatments, and as spray-residual protectants for long-term stored-grain protection. Insecticide-impregnated hypoxic multilayer bags have been proven to be one of the most promising low-cost and safe methods for hermetic grain storage in developing countries. Insecticide-impregnated netting and food baits were originally developed for the control of urban/medical pests and have been recognized as an innovative technology for the protection of stored commodities. New biodegradable acaricide gel coatings and nets have been suggested for the protection of ham meat. Tablets and satchels represent a new approach for the application of botanicals. Many emerging technologies can be found in the form of impregnated protective packaging (insect growth regulators/disruptors (IGRs/IGDs), natural repellents), pheromone-based attracticides, electrostatic dust or sprays, nanoparticles, edible artificial sweeteners, hydrogels, inert baits with synthetic attractants, biodegradable encapsulations of active ingredients, and cyanogenic protective grain coatings. Smart pest control technologies based on RNA-based gene silencing compounds incorporated into food baits stand at the forefront of current strategic research. Inert gases and dust (diatomaceous earth) are positive examples of alternatives to synthetic pesticide products, for which methods of application and their integration with other methods have been proposed and implemented in practice. Although many promising laboratory studies have been conducted on the biological activity of natural botanical insecticides, published studies demonstrating their effective industrial field usage in grain stores and food production facilities are scarce. This review shows that the current problems associated with the application of some natural botanical insecticides (e.g., sorption, stability, field efficacy, and smell) to some extent echo problems that were frequently encountered and addressed almost 100 years ago during the transition from ancient to modern classical chemical pest control methods.
Vaclav Stejskal; Tomas Vendl; Radek Aulicky; Christos Athanassiou. Synthetic and Natural Insecticides: Gas, Liquid, Gel and Solid Formulations for Stored-Product and Food-Industry Pest Control. Insects 2021, 12, 590 .
AMA StyleVaclav Stejskal, Tomas Vendl, Radek Aulicky, Christos Athanassiou. Synthetic and Natural Insecticides: Gas, Liquid, Gel and Solid Formulations for Stored-Product and Food-Industry Pest Control. Insects. 2021; 12 (7):590.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVaclav Stejskal; Tomas Vendl; Radek Aulicky; Christos Athanassiou. 2021. "Synthetic and Natural Insecticides: Gas, Liquid, Gel and Solid Formulations for Stored-Product and Food-Industry Pest Control." Insects 12, no. 7: 590.
Low temperatures play an important role in arthropods because they affect both the individual and population development of all physiological and behavioural activities. Manipulation with low temperatures is a primary nonchemical pest control method. For stored product and food industry practitioners, a knowledge of pest thermal requirements, in particular threshold temperatures at which development and other activities of a particular pest species cease, is of crucial importance. This review presents summary data regarding the lower temperature thresholds of 121 species of stored product and food industry pests from six arthropod taxa (Acari, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, Diptera, and Blattodea). In particular, this review collected and summarized information regarding the lower development thresholds, lower population thresholds, lower acoustic or respiratory thresholds, lower walking and flying thresholds and lower trap capture thresholds for flying and walking arthropods. The average lower development threshold (LDT) differed among orders: the lowest was reported for Acari (6.8 °C) and Diptera (8.1 °C), followed by Lepidoptera (11.3 °C) and Psocoptera (13.8 °C), and the highest was reported for Coleoptera (14 °C) and Blattodea (15 °C). An exclusion-function was established showing the percentage of pest species (n = 112) that were developmentally suppressed (excluded) due to temperatures reaching the LDT in the range of decreasing temperatures from 25 °C to 0 °C. We scaled various temperature thresholds from the lowest to highest temperature as follows: the walking threshold, the trap capture threshold for walking insects, the lower development threshold, lower population threshold, lower flying threshold and the lower trap capture threshold for flying pests. Important pest species were identified for which information regarding the lower temperature threshold is missing, or for which the information is too variable and should be refined in future research.
Vaclav Stejskal; Tomas Vendl; Zhihong Li; Radek Aulicky; Zhiong Li. Minimal Thermal Requirements for Development and Activity of Stored Product and Food Industry Pests (Acari, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, Diptera and Blattodea): A Review. Insects 2019, 10, 149 .
AMA StyleVaclav Stejskal, Tomas Vendl, Zhihong Li, Radek Aulicky, Zhiong Li. Minimal Thermal Requirements for Development and Activity of Stored Product and Food Industry Pests (Acari, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, Diptera and Blattodea): A Review. Insects. 2019; 10 (5):149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVaclav Stejskal; Tomas Vendl; Zhihong Li; Radek Aulicky; Zhiong Li. 2019. "Minimal Thermal Requirements for Development and Activity of Stored Product and Food Industry Pests (Acari, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, Diptera and Blattodea): A Review." Insects 10, no. 5: 149.
Short-Exposure Biological Activity of Dichlorvos Insecticide Strips on Coleopteran Storage Pests under Two Evaporation Regimes: Can Slow-Release Dichlorvos Formulations Replace Aerosols?
Radek Aulicky; Vaclav Stejskal; George Opit. Short-Exposure Biological Activity of Dichlorvos Insecticide Strips on Coleopteran Storage Pests under Two Evaporation Regimes: Can Slow-Release Dichlorvos Formulations Replace Aerosols? Pakistan Journal of Zoology 2019, 51, 1 .
AMA StyleRadek Aulicky, Vaclav Stejskal, George Opit. Short-Exposure Biological Activity of Dichlorvos Insecticide Strips on Coleopteran Storage Pests under Two Evaporation Regimes: Can Slow-Release Dichlorvos Formulations Replace Aerosols? Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2019; 51 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadek Aulicky; Vaclav Stejskal; George Opit. 2019. "Short-Exposure Biological Activity of Dichlorvos Insecticide Strips on Coleopteran Storage Pests under Two Evaporation Regimes: Can Slow-Release Dichlorvos Formulations Replace Aerosols?" Pakistan Journal of Zoology 51, no. 2: 1.
In the laboratory, we evaluated the efficacy of the use of fluorescent non-toxic bait for the monitoring of wild roof rats (Rattus rattus). We described the temporal dynamics of the production of fluorescent faeces after the consumption of fluorescent bait and compared it with those of R. norvegicus and Mus musculus. Roof rats produced, on average, 52 faecal pellets per 24 h, ranging from 31 to 81. The dry weight of the produced faeces per 24 h ranged from 1.1 to 3.4 g. The production peak of highly detectable fluorescent faeces was 8–18 h after consuming the bait, and the last detectable faeces were recorded 28–30 h after consuming the bait. Our data showed that roof rats produced the highest proportion of highly fluorescent faeces, indicating that best physiological potential for the use of this type of fluorescent bait exists in R. rattus since R. norvegicus and M. musculus produced 80% and 65% of the fluorescent faeces produced by R. rattus, respectively.
Marcela Frankova; Barbora Kaftanova; Radek Aulicky; Pavel Rodl; Daniel Frynta; Vaclav Stejskal. Temporal production of coloured faeces in wild roof rats (Rattus rattus) following consumption of fluorescent non-toxic bait and a comparison with wild R. norvegicus and Mus musculus. Journal of Stored Products Research 2018, 81, 7 -10.
AMA StyleMarcela Frankova, Barbora Kaftanova, Radek Aulicky, Pavel Rodl, Daniel Frynta, Vaclav Stejskal. Temporal production of coloured faeces in wild roof rats (Rattus rattus) following consumption of fluorescent non-toxic bait and a comparison with wild R. norvegicus and Mus musculus. Journal of Stored Products Research. 2018; 81 ():7-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcela Frankova; Barbora Kaftanova; Radek Aulicky; Pavel Rodl; Daniel Frynta; Vaclav Stejskal. 2018. "Temporal production of coloured faeces in wild roof rats (Rattus rattus) following consumption of fluorescent non-toxic bait and a comparison with wild R. norvegicus and Mus musculus." Journal of Stored Products Research 81, no. : 7-10.
Although it is known that separate insect body structures may be asymmetrical within one species, the different functional asymmetries within a single organ as a result of differential selective regimes have not been described. Based on microscopic measurements and SEM photography, we examined the size, shape and asymmetry of the mandibular structures of males and females of the sexually dimorphic broad-horned flour beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera). It was found that sexual dimorphism only manifests in certain outgrowth parts (horns) of male mandibles, while the remaining cutting parts of the mandibles hold identical morphologies for both sexes. A more interesting finding—since this is the first published case of dual functionally selected asymmetry in an identical arthropod organ—was that the cutting part of the male mandible exhibited directional asymmetry, whereas the outgrowth horn part of the mandible showed a high degree of symmetry. Moreover, there was no relationship between the size and asymmetry of horns. The results indicate different regulatory mechanisms of sexually selected combative horns and the food-functional, more conservative (constrained by hard food and adult long life) cutting parts of mandibles.
Tomas Vendl; Vaclav Stejskal; Radek Aulicky. First Case of Dual Size Asymmetry in an Identical Arthropod Organ: Different Asymmetries of the Combative (Sexual) and Cutting (Non-Sexual) Parts of Mandibles in the Horned Stored-Product Beetle Gnatocerus cornutus (Fabricius, 1798). Insects 2018, 9, 151 .
AMA StyleTomas Vendl, Vaclav Stejskal, Radek Aulicky. First Case of Dual Size Asymmetry in an Identical Arthropod Organ: Different Asymmetries of the Combative (Sexual) and Cutting (Non-Sexual) Parts of Mandibles in the Horned Stored-Product Beetle Gnatocerus cornutus (Fabricius, 1798). Insects. 2018; 9 (4):151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomas Vendl; Vaclav Stejskal; Radek Aulicky. 2018. "First Case of Dual Size Asymmetry in an Identical Arthropod Organ: Different Asymmetries of the Combative (Sexual) and Cutting (Non-Sexual) Parts of Mandibles in the Horned Stored-Product Beetle Gnatocerus cornutus (Fabricius, 1798)." Insects 9, no. 4: 151.
Marcela Frankova; Vaclav Stejskal; Radek Aulicky. Suppression of food intake by house mouse ( Mus musculus ) following ingestion of brodifacoum-based rodenticide bait. Crop Protection 2017, 100, 134 -137.
AMA StyleMarcela Frankova, Vaclav Stejskal, Radek Aulicky. Suppression of food intake by house mouse ( Mus musculus ) following ingestion of brodifacoum-based rodenticide bait. Crop Protection. 2017; 100 ():134-137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcela Frankova; Vaclav Stejskal; Radek Aulicky. 2017. "Suppression of food intake by house mouse ( Mus musculus ) following ingestion of brodifacoum-based rodenticide bait." Crop Protection 100, no. : 134-137.
Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans and Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) are two sibling species of the Cheyletus genus. Both species are beneficial predators of stored product pests. It is difficult to distinguish them based only on morphological characteristics. In this study, we describe species-specific PCR for molecular identification of C. malaccensis and C. eruditus. Species-specific primer pairs were designed on the basis of variations in the mtDNA COI barcode sequences. A 403 bp-specific fragment of C. malaccensis and a 421 bp absolute product of C. eruditus were generated by their respective primer pairs, while no such diagnostic bands were present in any of the nine pest mite species tested. The results of the sensitivity test demonstrated that the detection limit of DNA template concentration was 1 ng/μL for both C. malaccensis and C. eruditus. This study exhibited high specificity, reliability, rapid and low cost for mite specie diagnosis. Our data show that species-specific PCR is a powerful tool that can be used for identification of C. malaccensis and C. eruditus.
Yi Wu; Fujun Li; Zhihong Li; Václav Stejskal; Radek Aulicky; Zuzana Kučerová; Tao Zhang; Peihuan He; Yang Cao. Rapid diagnosis of two common stored-product predatory mite species based on species-specific PCR. Journal of Stored Products Research 2016, 69, 213 -216.
AMA StyleYi Wu, Fujun Li, Zhihong Li, Václav Stejskal, Radek Aulicky, Zuzana Kučerová, Tao Zhang, Peihuan He, Yang Cao. Rapid diagnosis of two common stored-product predatory mite species based on species-specific PCR. Journal of Stored Products Research. 2016; 69 ():213-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Wu; Fujun Li; Zhihong Li; Václav Stejskal; Radek Aulicky; Zuzana Kučerová; Tao Zhang; Peihuan He; Yang Cao. 2016. "Rapid diagnosis of two common stored-product predatory mite species based on species-specific PCR." Journal of Stored Products Research 69, no. : 213-216.
Radek Aulický; Vaclav Stejskal; Milan Dlouhy; Jana Liskova. Validation of hydrogen cyanide fumigation in flourmills to control the confused flour beetle. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 2016, 33, 174 -179.
AMA StyleRadek Aulický, Vaclav Stejskal, Milan Dlouhy, Jana Liskova. Validation of hydrogen cyanide fumigation in flourmills to control the confused flour beetle. Czech Journal of Food Sciences. 2016; 33 (2):174-179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadek Aulický; Vaclav Stejskal; Milan Dlouhy; Jana Liskova. 2016. "Validation of hydrogen cyanide fumigation in flourmills to control the confused flour beetle." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 33, no. 2: 174-179.
Open Access Agricultural Journals published by Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information
Radek Aulický; Vaclav Stejskal. Efficacy and limitations of phosphine “spot-fumigation” against five Coleoptera species of stored product pests in wheat in a grain store – short note. Plant Protection Science 2016, 51, 33 -38.
AMA StyleRadek Aulický, Vaclav Stejskal. Efficacy and limitations of phosphine “spot-fumigation” against five Coleoptera species of stored product pests in wheat in a grain store – short note. Plant Protection Science. 2016; 51 (No. 1):33-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadek Aulický; Vaclav Stejskal. 2016. "Efficacy and limitations of phosphine “spot-fumigation” against five Coleoptera species of stored product pests in wheat in a grain store – short note." Plant Protection Science 51, no. No. 1: 33-38.
The parthenogenetic predatory mite Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank, 1781) is used for biological control against mite pests produced as CHEYLETIN. Although there is evidence that bacteria are mainly responsible for parthenogeny in several species of predatory mites, the description of association between C. eruditus the specific and parasitic or symbiotic bacteria is still missing. We analyzed the bacterial communities of the predator, C. eruditus, and its prey, Acarus siro L. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The selected bacterial taxa were confirmed by amplification of isolated DNA with taxon-specific primers. The 16S rRNA gene sequences from the predatory and prey mites formed a total of 20 different bacterial taxa. Of these taxa, the predator and prey shared four taxa, six taxa were specific for the predatory, and 10 taxa for the prey mites. Cardinium- and Bartonella-like bacteria were found in both mite species. The reproductive parasite Wolbachia was found only in the predatory mite, and A. siro hosted Solitalea-like (Sphingobacteriales) bacteria that were not detected in C. eruditus. We focused on Cardinium occurrence in the field samples of C. eruditus. Using Cardinium-specific primers, 128 clones were obtained. Cardinium was found in seven field samples of C. eruditus as well as in the laboratory population that was used to produce CHEYLETIN. Phylogenetic analysis of the Cardinium clones identified three separate clusters: two clusters showed high similarity to the Cardinium sequences from astigmatid mites, and one cluster contained only the clones from C. eruditus. Sequences of both Cardinium and Wolbachia were found in the both adults and eggs of C. eruditus, indicating maternal transfer of these endosymbiotic bacteria.
Jan Hubert; Vaclav Stejskal; Marta Nesvorna; Radek Aulicky; Jan Kopecky; Tomas Erban. Differences in the Bacterial Community of Laboratory and Wild Populations of the Predatory MiteCheyletus eruditus(Acarina: Cheyletidae) and Bacteria Transmission From Its PreyAcarus siro(Acari: Acaridae). Journal of Economic Entomology 2016, 109, 1450 -1457.
AMA StyleJan Hubert, Vaclav Stejskal, Marta Nesvorna, Radek Aulicky, Jan Kopecky, Tomas Erban. Differences in the Bacterial Community of Laboratory and Wild Populations of the Predatory MiteCheyletus eruditus(Acarina: Cheyletidae) and Bacteria Transmission From Its PreyAcarus siro(Acari: Acaridae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 2016; 109 (3):1450-1457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Hubert; Vaclav Stejskal; Marta Nesvorna; Radek Aulicky; Jan Kopecky; Tomas Erban. 2016. "Differences in the Bacterial Community of Laboratory and Wild Populations of the Predatory MiteCheyletus eruditus(Acarina: Cheyletidae) and Bacteria Transmission From Its PreyAcarus siro(Acari: Acaridae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 109, no. 3: 1450-1457.
Highlights•Rats produce fluorescent faeces 9–15 h after the consumption.•Rats consumed the fluorescent non-toxic bait readily.•Rats deposited 78% fluorescent faeces on the surface in the outdoor arena. AbstractWe tested the applicability of fluorescent non-toxic bait to the wild Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). We described the temporal dynamics of the production of fluorescent faeces after fluorescent bait consumption in the laboratory and, subsequently, tested the applicability of this monitoring method in a wild rat colony in an outdoor enclosure. In the laboratory experiment, no effect of animal sex on total faeces production was found (P > 0.05). The first fluorescent faeces were detected after 6–7 h; production peaked from 9 to 15 h; and the last detectable faeces were observed 26–27 h after bait administration. The proportion of highly fluorescent faeces to total produced faeces increased to over 80% during the peak period. In the semi-field experiment, 40% of collected faeces in the enclosure were fluorescent and 78.6% of the fluorescent faeces were deposited on the surface on the floor, i.e., only small proportion of fluorescent faeces were found hidden in the shelters, thereby no for monitoring purposes. Both laboratory and semi-field studies indicated a good potential (e.g., palatability and high production of fluorescent faeces per 24 h and their dispersion out of the hidden places) of the use of fluorescent bait for monitoring R. norvegicus in rodent control practices.
Marcela Fraňková; Barbora Kaftanova Eliasova; Pavel Rödl; Radek Aulicky; Daniel Frynta; Vaclav Stejskal. Monitoring of Rattus norvegicus based on non-toxic bait containing encapsulated fluorescent dye: Laboratory and semi-field validation study. Journal of Stored Products Research 2015, 64, 103 -108.
AMA StyleMarcela Fraňková, Barbora Kaftanova Eliasova, Pavel Rödl, Radek Aulicky, Daniel Frynta, Vaclav Stejskal. Monitoring of Rattus norvegicus based on non-toxic bait containing encapsulated fluorescent dye: Laboratory and semi-field validation study. Journal of Stored Products Research. 2015; 64 ():103-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcela Fraňková; Barbora Kaftanova Eliasova; Pavel Rödl; Radek Aulicky; Daniel Frynta; Vaclav Stejskal. 2015. "Monitoring of Rattus norvegicus based on non-toxic bait containing encapsulated fluorescent dye: Laboratory and semi-field validation study." Journal of Stored Products Research 64, no. : 103-108.
Currently, baiting is the most common method for controlling mouse populations. Behavioural responses to bait stations may affect the acceptance of baits. We studied the effect of mouse odour on the number of entries into and time spent within bait stations under semi-natural conditions. Commensal house mice (Mus musculus musculus) were allowed to choose between two identical bait stations, one of which was scented with a conspecific odour. The donors of the odours were socially experienced or inexperienced male and female mice. The results showed that house mice preferred scented bait stations over non-scented controls. This preference was not significantly affected either by sex of the tested mice or by sex and/or experience of the scent donor. Nevertheless, the preference was especially apparent in males allowed to enter bait stations scented with the odour of adult, sexually- and socially-experienced conspecifics. In conclusion, our results show that not only the bait station itself, but also accompanying social odours, attract house mice, and thus may considerably enhance the effectiveness of baits. Furthermore, our results indicate that excessive cleaning of scented bait stations may decrease the efficacy of rodenticide baiting.
Radka Volfová; Václav Stejskal; Radek Aulický; Daniel Frynta. Presence of conspecific odours enhances responses of commensal house mice (Mus musculus) to bait stations. International Journal of Pest Management 2010, 57, 35 -40.
AMA StyleRadka Volfová, Václav Stejskal, Radek Aulický, Daniel Frynta. Presence of conspecific odours enhances responses of commensal house mice (Mus musculus) to bait stations. International Journal of Pest Management. 2010; 57 (1):35-40.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadka Volfová; Václav Stejskal; Radek Aulický; Daniel Frynta. 2010. "Presence of conspecific odours enhances responses of commensal house mice (Mus musculus) to bait stations." International Journal of Pest Management 57, no. 1: 35-40.