Artificial intelligence (AI) is an evolving set of technologies used for solving a wide range of applied issues. The core of AI is machine learning (ML)—a complex of algorithms and methods that address the problems of classification, clustering, and forecasting. The practical application of AI&ML holds promising prospects. Therefore, the researches in this area are intensive. However, the industrial applications of AI and its more intensive use in society are not widespread at the present time. The challenges of widespread AI applications need to be considered from both the AI (internal problems) and the societal (external problems) perspective. This consideration will identify the priority steps for more intensive practical application of AI technologies, their introduction, and involvement in industry and society. The article presents the identification and discussion of the challenges of the employment of AI technologies in the economy and society of resource-based countries. The systematization of AI&ML technologies is implemented based on publications in these areas. This systematization allows for the specification of the organizational, personnel, social and technological limitations. This paper outlines the directions of studies in AI and ML, which will allow us to overcome some of the limitations and achieve expansion of the scope of AI&ML applications.

Precision farming is one of the ways of transition to the intensive methods of agricultural production. The case of application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for solving problems of agriculture and animal husbandry is among the actively studied issues. The UAV is capable of solving the tasks of monitoring, fertilizing, herbicides, etc. However, the effective use of UAV requires to solve the tasks of flight planning, taking into account the heterogeneity of the available attachments and the problem solved in the process of the overflight. This research investigates the problem of flight planning of a group of heterogeneous UAVs applied to solving the issues of coverage, which may arise both in the course of monitoring and in the process of the implementation of agrotechnical measures. The method of coverage path planning of heterogenic UAVs group based on a genetic algorithm is proposed; this method provides planning of flight by a group of UAVs using a moving ground platform on which UAVs are recharged and refueled (multi heterogenic UAVs coverage path planning with moving ground platform (mhCPPgp)). This method allows calculating a fly by to solve the task of covering fields of different shapes and permits selecting the optimal subset of UAVs from the available set of devices; it also provides a 10% reduction in the cost of a flyby compared to an algorithm that does not use heterogeneous UAVs or a moving platform.

Structure function is one of the possible mathematical models of the real systems under study in reliability engineering. The structure function represents the correlation the system performance level and components states. The system performance level is defined from the states of all its components. It means that all possible components states and performance levels must be indicated and reflected in the structure function. Initial data for the analysis of real system is uncertain. New methods to construct a structure function based on initial uncertain data is proposed. Fuzzy decision trees (FDTs) are used in this method to transform initial uncertain data about a real system into an exact-defined a system structure function. The proposed method includes three principal steps for the structure function construction: 1) collection of data in the repository; 2) representation of the system model in the form of an FDT; and 3) construction of the structure function based on the FDT.

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in various spheres of human activity is a promising direction for countries with very different types of economies. This statement refers to resource-rich economies as well. The peculiarities of such countries are associated with the dependence on resource prices since their economies present low diversification. Therefore, the employment of new technologies is one of the ways of increasing the sustainability of such economy development. In this context, the use of UAVs is a prospect direction, since they are relatively cheap, reliable, and their use does not require a high-tech background. The most common use of UAVs is associated with various types of monitoring tasks. In addition, UAVs can be used for organizing communication, search, cargo delivery, field processing, etc. Using additional elements of artificial intelligence (AI) together with UAVs helps to solve the problems in automatic or semi-automatic mode. Such UAV is named intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle technology (IUAVT), and its employment allows increasing the UAV-based technology efficiency. However, in order to adapt IUAVT in the sectors of economy, it is necessary to overcome a range of limitations. The research is devoted to the analysis of opportunities and obstacles to the adaptation of IUAVT in the economy. The possible economic effect is estimated for Kazakhstan as one of the resource-rich countries. The review consists of three main parts. The first part describes the IUAVT application areas and the tasks it can solve. The following areas of application are considered: precision agriculture, the hazardous geophysical processes monitoring, environmental pollution monitoring, exploration of minerals, wild animals monitoring, technical and engineering structures monitoring, and traffic monitoring. The economic potential is estimated by the areas of application of IUAVT in Kazakhstan. The second part contains the review of the technical, legal, and software-algorithmic limitations of IUAVT and modern approaches aimed at overcoming these limitations. The third part—discussion—comprises the consideration of the impact of these limitations and unsolved tasks of the IUAVT employment in the areas of activity under consideration, and assessment of the overall economic effect.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a new mathematical method for the reliability analysis and evaluation of multi-state system (MSS) reliability that agrees with specifics of such system. It is possible based on the application of multiple-valued logic (MVL) that is a natural extension of Boolean algebra used in reliability analysis. Design/methodology/approach: Similar to Boolean algebra, MVL is used for the constriction of the structure function of the investigated system. The interpretation of the structure function of the MSS in terms of MVL allows using mathematical methods and approaches of this logic for the analysis of the structure function. Findings: The logical differential calculus is one of mathematical approaches in MVL. The authors develop new method for MSS reliability analysis based on logical differential calculus, in particular direct partial logical derivatives, for the investigation of critical system states (CSSs). The proposed method allows providing the qualitative and quantitative analyses of MSS: the CSS can be defined for all possible changes of any system component or group of components, and probabilities of this state can also be calculated. Originality/value: The proposed method permits representing the MSS in the form of a structure function that is interpreted as MVL function and provides the system analyses without special transformation into Boolean interpretation and with acceptable computational complexity.