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This study examined the relationship between plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, including branched-chain AAs, and brown adipose tissue density (BAT-d). One hundred and seventy-three subjects (69 men, 104 women) aged 22–68 years were recruited during the winter season. AAs were comprehensively quantified using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. The total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, was assessed using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. Anthropometric parameters, including age, percentage of body fat, and visceral fat, were evaluated. Factors associated with higher (≥74 µM) or lower (<74 µM) [total-Hb]sup were investigated by multiple logistic regression models that included AA concentrations alone (model 1) or AA concentrations and anthropometric parameters (model 2) as independent variables. When adjusted for the false discovery rate, [total-Hb]sup was positively correlated with glycine and asparagine levels in men and with the serine level in both men and women and was negatively correlated with the branched-chain AA concentration in men. Models 1 and 2 correlated with higher or lower BAT-d for men (r = 0.73, p = 0.015) and women (r = 0.58, p = 0.079) and for men (r = 0.82, p = 0.0070) and women (r = 0.70, p = 0.020), respectively. A combination of anthropometric parameters and plasma AA concentrations could be a reliable biomarker for higher and lower BAT-d.
Miyuki Kuroiwa; Sayuri Hamaoka-Fuse; Masahiro Sugimoto; Yuko Kurosawa; Yasuko Aita; Atsumi Tomita; Mikiko Anjo; Riki Tanaka; Tasuki Endo; Ryotaro Kime; Takafumi Hamaoka. Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 2339 .
AMA StyleMiyuki Kuroiwa, Sayuri Hamaoka-Fuse, Masahiro Sugimoto, Yuko Kurosawa, Yasuko Aita, Atsumi Tomita, Mikiko Anjo, Riki Tanaka, Tasuki Endo, Ryotaro Kime, Takafumi Hamaoka. Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (11):2339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiyuki Kuroiwa; Sayuri Hamaoka-Fuse; Masahiro Sugimoto; Yuko Kurosawa; Yasuko Aita; Atsumi Tomita; Mikiko Anjo; Riki Tanaka; Tasuki Endo; Ryotaro Kime; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2021. "Correlation of Plasma Amino Acid and Anthropometric Profiles with Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11: 2339.
Capsinoids are some of the most promising ingredients to increase energy expenditure (EE) due to brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of prolonged capsinoid ingestion (CI) on BAT activity and resting EE (REE) in healthy, middle-aged, normal to overweight subjects (Subhealthy) with distinct BAT characteristics. We examined the changes in BAT density (BAT-d), using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy, and REE/kg induced by daily CI. Forty Subhealthy [age, 43.8 (mean) years; BMI, 25.4 kg/m2] received either capsinoid (9 mg/day) or a placebo daily for 6 weeks in a double-blind design. Total hemoglobin concentration in the supraclavicular region ([total-Hb]sup), an indicator of BAT-d, and REE/kg were measured. The changes in post-intervention [total-Hb]sup were greater in the capsinoid group (CA-G) than in the placebo group (PL-G) [5.8 µM (+12.4%) versus 1.0 µM (+2.1%); P = 0.017]. There was a significant relationship between BAT-d and REE/kg; however, post-supplementation REE/kg was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.228). In the overweight subgroup, changes in REE/kg were greater in the CA-G than in the PL-G [0.6 cal/kg/min (+4.3%) versus −0.3 cal/kg/min (−2.1%); P = 0.021]. CI enhanced [total-Hb]sup, a reflection of BAT-d, showing a good correlation with REE in Subhealthy.
Sayuri Fuse; Tasuki Endo; Riki Tanaka; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Akira Ando; Ayami Kume; Akiko Yamamoto; Kanna Kuribayashi; Shinji Somekawa; Masamichi Takeshita; Masaki Hashimoto; Ryotaro Kime; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2676 .
AMA StyleSayuri Fuse, Tasuki Endo, Riki Tanaka, Miyuki Kuroiwa, Akira Ando, Ayami Kume, Akiko Yamamoto, Kanna Kuribayashi, Shinji Somekawa, Masamichi Takeshita, Masaki Hashimoto, Ryotaro Kime, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (9):2676.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSayuri Fuse; Tasuki Endo; Riki Tanaka; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Akira Ando; Ayami Kume; Akiko Yamamoto; Kanna Kuribayashi; Shinji Somekawa; Masamichi Takeshita; Masaki Hashimoto; Ryotaro Kime; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2020. "Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy, Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study." Nutrients 12, no. 9: 2676.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a role in adaptive thermogenesis in response to cold environments and dietary intake via sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. It is unclear whether physical activity increases BAT density (BAT-d). Two-hundred ninety-eight participants (age: 41.2 ± 12.1 (mean ± standard deviation), height: 163.6 ± 8.3 cm, weight: 60.2 ± 11.0 kg, body mass index (BMI): 22.4 ± 3.0 kg/m2, body fat percentage: 25.4 ± 7.5%) without smoking habits were categorized based on their physical activity levels (a group performing physical activities including walking and moderate physical activity (WM) and a group performing WM + vigorous-intensity physical activities (VWM)). We measured the total hemoglobin concentration ([Total-Hb]) in the supraclavicular region, an index of BAT-d, and anthropometric parameters. [Total-Hb] was significantly higher in VWM than WM for all participant groups presumably owing to SNS activation during vigorous-intensity physical activities, and unrelated to the amount of total physical activity levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis revealed that BAT-d was related to visceral fat area and VWM in men and related to body fat percentage in women. We conclude that vigorous-intensity physical activities are associated with high BAT-d in humans, especially in men.
Riki Tanaka; Sayuri Fuse; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Shiho Amagasa; Tasuki Endo; Akira Ando; Ryotaro Kime; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2796 .
AMA StyleRiki Tanaka, Sayuri Fuse, Miyuki Kuroiwa, Shiho Amagasa, Tasuki Endo, Akira Ando, Ryotaro Kime, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (8):2796.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiki Tanaka; Sayuri Fuse; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Shiho Amagasa; Tasuki Endo; Akira Ando; Ryotaro Kime; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2020. "Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activities Are Associated with High Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2796.
High whole-body and visceral adiposity are risk factors that can cause metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that the total hemoglobin concentration (total-Hb) in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SATab), an indicator of white adipose tissue (WAT) vascularity, correlates negatively with risk factors for developing metabolic diseases, such as whole-body and visceral adiposity. We tested the optical characteristics of abdominal tissue in 140 participants (45 men and 95 women) who were apparently healthy individuals with a median age of 39 years. They also had a median body fat percentage of 25.4%, a visceral fat area of 50.4 cm2, and a SATab thickness of 1.05 cm. These tests were conducted using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) with a 2-cm optode separation. To distinguish the segments of SATab (SegSAT) and the mixture of muscle and SATab (SegSAT+Mus), the threshold was analyzed using the slopes of (total-Hb) against the thickness of SATab using the least-squares mean method. According to the results from the logistic regression analysis, the percentage of body fat and visceral fat area remained significant predictors of the (total-Hb) (p = 0.005 and p = 0.043, respectively) in the data for SegSAT (no influence from the SATab thickness). We conclude that simple, rapid, and noninvasive NIRTRS-determined (total-Hb) in WAT could be a useful parameter for evaluating risk factors for metabolic diseases.
Miyuki Kuroiwa; Sayuri Fuse; Shiho Amagasa; Ryotaro Kime; Tasuki Endo; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Relationship of Total Hemoglobin in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Whole-Body and Visceral Adiposity in Humans. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 2442 .
AMA StyleMiyuki Kuroiwa, Sayuri Fuse, Shiho Amagasa, Ryotaro Kime, Tasuki Endo, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Relationship of Total Hemoglobin in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Whole-Body and Visceral Adiposity in Humans. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (12):2442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiyuki Kuroiwa; Sayuri Fuse; Shiho Amagasa; Ryotaro Kime; Tasuki Endo; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2019. "Relationship of Total Hemoglobin in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue with Whole-Body and Visceral Adiposity in Humans." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12: 2442.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may potentially be used in strategies for preventing lifestyle-related diseases. We examine evidence that near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) is capable of estimating human BAT density (BAT-d). The parameters examined in this study are total hemoglobin [total-Hb]sup, oxygenated Hb [oxy-Hb]sup, deoxygenated Hb [deoxy-Hb]sup, Hb O2 saturation (StO2sup), and the reduced scattering coefficient in the supraclavicular region (μs'sup), where BAT deposits can be located; corresponding parameters in the control deltoid region are obtained as controls. Among the NIRTRS parameters, [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup show region-specific increases in winter, compared to summer. Further, [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup are correlated with cold-induced thermogenesis in the supraclavicular region. We conclude that NIRTRS-determined [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup are useful parameters for evaluating BAT-d in a simple, rapid, non-invasive manner.
Shinsuke Nirengi; Sayuri Fuse; Shiho Amagasa; Toshiyuki Homma; Ryotaro Kime; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Tasuki Endo; Naoki Sakane; Mami Matsushita; Masayuki Saito; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Applicability of Supraclavicular Oxygenated and Total Hemoglobin Evaluated by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy as Indicators of Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 2214 .
AMA StyleShinsuke Nirengi, Sayuri Fuse, Shiho Amagasa, Toshiyuki Homma, Ryotaro Kime, Miyuki Kuroiwa, Tasuki Endo, Naoki Sakane, Mami Matsushita, Masayuki Saito, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Applicability of Supraclavicular Oxygenated and Total Hemoglobin Evaluated by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy as Indicators of Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (9):2214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsuke Nirengi; Sayuri Fuse; Shiho Amagasa; Toshiyuki Homma; Ryotaro Kime; Miyuki Kuroiwa; Tasuki Endo; Naoki Sakane; Mami Matsushita; Masayuki Saito; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2019. "Applicability of Supraclavicular Oxygenated and Total Hemoglobin Evaluated by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy as Indicators of Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9: 2214.
Fat layer thickness (FLT) affects near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement. The aim of this study was to determine an indicator of muscle function with less influence of FLT, even without normalization, by comparing muscle O2 dynamics during exercise in subjects with similar physical characteristics except for FLT. Healthy male subjects with thick FLT (n = 5, FLT: 5.3 ± 0.4 mm) and those with thin FLT (n = 6, FLT: 3.5 ± 0.5 mm) participated in this study. All subjects performed constant work cycling exercise (CWE) at moderate intensity for 6 min. Oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration and total hemoglobin concentration were monitored by using time resolved NIRS (NIRTRS). VO2peak was not significantly different between THICK and THIN (THICK: 54.0 ± 1.8, THIN: 50.0 ± 6.2 mL/kg/min). Changes in all NIRTRS variables at the onset of CWE were significantly larger in THIN than THICK, and the changes in each variable were significantly correlated to FLT. In contrast, there were no relationships between changes in NIRTRS variables during CWE and FLT. These results suggest that muscle deoxygenation at the onset of exercise, which is used as muscle O2 extraction, can be strongly influenced by FLT. In contrast, muscle oxygenation during CWE, which is used as exercise-induced functional hyperemia, may not be influenced by FLT.
Tasuki Endo; Ryotaro Kime; Sayuri Fuse; Tsubasa Watanabe; Norio Murase; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Evaluation of Functional Hyperemia Using NIRTRS Without the Influence of Fat Layer Thickness. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2018, 1072, 97 -101.
AMA StyleTasuki Endo, Ryotaro Kime, Sayuri Fuse, Tsubasa Watanabe, Norio Murase, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Evaluation of Functional Hyperemia Using NIRTRS Without the Influence of Fat Layer Thickness. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2018; 1072 ():97-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTasuki Endo; Ryotaro Kime; Sayuri Fuse; Tsubasa Watanabe; Norio Murase; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2018. "Evaluation of Functional Hyperemia Using NIRTRS Without the Influence of Fat Layer Thickness." Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1072, no. : 97-101.
F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET) along with computed tomography (CT) is a standard method for assessing brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. We tested the usefulness of near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) as a simple and noninvasive method for evaluating BAT density (BAT-d) by examining the effects of some factors known to influence BAT activity. The total hemoglobin concentration as a parameter of BAT-d was evaluated using NIRTRS in the supraclavicular region in 413 Japanese individuals. The associations were analyzed between BAT-d and sex, age, the percentages of body fat (%BF), visceral fat (VF), and the seasonal ambient temperature (AmT) fluctuations. Age was associated with decreased BAT-d (P < 0.05). There was no sex difference in the BAT-d, except for those in their twenties. Multivariate analyses revealed that %BF and VF were correlated with BAT-d, and the lower AmT (around 4°C or 5°C) for 4 and 6 weeks prior to the measurement day was associated with an increase in the BAT-d. Our NIRTRS results were analogous to those reported with FDG18-PET / CT, indicating the usefulness of NIRTRS. BAT-d might increase during the 4 and 6 weeks after the AmT decreases to lower than 4°C or 5°C. Fuse, Nirengi, Amagasa, Homma, Kime, Endo, Sakane, Matsushita, Saito, Yoneshiro, Kurosawa, and Hamaoka: Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range1.IntroductionActive brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been detected by F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT)12.3.–4 in adults and neonates, as well as animals. It has been reported that human BAT activity is related to cold-induced thermogenesis,5 body weight,5 and glucose tolerance.6,7 Furthermore, daily cold exposure increased the BAT activity in healthy individuals,5,8,9 obese individuals,10 and patients with type 2 diabetes.7 Thus, BAT is expected to be a potential tool to combat obesity and lifestyle-related diseases.Most epidemiological studies related to BAT have been informed by work in oncology and used FDG18-PET/CT in thermoneutral conditions. These data showed that BAT activity was higher in women, younger individuals, and lean patients, as well as under conditions of lower ambient temperatures (AmT).1112.13.14.15.16.–17 However, since these data were collected for the diagnosis of cancer, data on healthy adults were lacking, and the mean age was biased toward patients older than 60 years of age. In addition, the measurements were conducted under thermoneutral conditions, wherein the FDG uptake might have been underestimated.1,18 Indeed, the FDG18-PET/CT-positive BAT ratio is variable; in studies involving cancer patients without cold exposure, the ratio was found to be extremely low (∼5%).1112.13.14.15.16.–17,19,20 However, in younger healthy individuals, who were exposed to cold, the ratio was much higher...
Sayuri Fuse; Shinsuke Nirengi; Shiho Amagasa; Toshiyuki Homma; Ryotaro Kime; Tasuki Endo; Naoki Sakane; Mami Matsushita; Masayuki Saito; Takeshi Yoneshiro; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range. Journal of Biomedical Optics 2018, 23, 065002 .
AMA StyleSayuri Fuse, Shinsuke Nirengi, Shiho Amagasa, Toshiyuki Homma, Ryotaro Kime, Tasuki Endo, Naoki Sakane, Mami Matsushita, Masayuki Saito, Takeshi Yoneshiro, Yuko Kurosawa, Takafumi Hamaoka. Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range. Journal of Biomedical Optics. 2018; 23 (6):065002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSayuri Fuse; Shinsuke Nirengi; Shiho Amagasa; Toshiyuki Homma; Ryotaro Kime; Tasuki Endo; Naoki Sakane; Mami Matsushita; Masayuki Saito; Takeshi Yoneshiro; Yuko Kurosawa; Takafumi Hamaoka. 2018. "Brown adipose tissue density measured by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy in Japanese, across a wide age range." Journal of Biomedical Optics 23, no. 6: 065002.