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Fernando Jaramillo; Amanda Desormeaux; Johanna Hedlund; James W. Jawitz; Nicola Clerici; Luigi Piemontese; Jenny Alexandra Rodríguez-Rodriguez; Jesús Adolfo Anaya; Juan F. Blanco-Libreros; Sonia Borja; Jorge Celi; Sergey Chalov; Kwok Pan Chun; Matilda Cresso; Georgia Destouni; Shimelis Behailu Dessu; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Andrea Downing; Luisa Espinosa; Navid Ghajarnia; Pierre Girard; Álvaro G. Gutiérrez; Amy Hansen; Tengfei Hu; Jerker Jarsjö; Zahra Kalantari; Adnane Labbaci; Lucia Licero-Villanueva; John Livsey; Ewa Machotka; Kathryn McCurley; Sebastián Palomino-Ángel; Jan Pietron; René Price; Sorain J. Ramchunder; Constanza Ricaurte-Villota; Luisa Fernanda Ricaurte; Lula Dahir; Erasmo Rodríguez; Jorge Salgado; A. Britta K. Sannel; Ana Carolina Santos; Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Ylva Sjöberg; Lian Sun; Josefin Thorslund; Guillaume Vigouroux; Lan Wang-Erlandsson; Diandian Xu; David Zamora; Alan D. Ziegler; Imenne Åhlén. Correction: Jaramillo, F.; et al. Priorities and Interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Focus on Wetlands. Water 2019, 11, 619. Water 2019, 12, 88 .
AMA StyleFernando Jaramillo, Amanda Desormeaux, Johanna Hedlund, James W. Jawitz, Nicola Clerici, Luigi Piemontese, Jenny Alexandra Rodríguez-Rodriguez, Jesús Adolfo Anaya, Juan F. Blanco-Libreros, Sonia Borja, Jorge Celi, Sergey Chalov, Kwok Pan Chun, Matilda Cresso, Georgia Destouni, Shimelis Behailu Dessu, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Andrea Downing, Luisa Espinosa, Navid Ghajarnia, Pierre Girard, Álvaro G. Gutiérrez, Amy Hansen, Tengfei Hu, Jerker Jarsjö, Zahra Kalantari, Adnane Labbaci, Lucia Licero-Villanueva, John Livsey, Ewa Machotka, Kathryn McCurley, Sebastián Palomino-Ángel, Jan Pietron, René Price, Sorain J. Ramchunder, Constanza Ricaurte-Villota, Luisa Fernanda Ricaurte, Lula Dahir, Erasmo Rodríguez, Jorge Salgado, A. Britta K. Sannel, Ana Carolina Santos, Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Ylva Sjöberg, Lian Sun, Josefin Thorslund, Guillaume Vigouroux, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Diandian Xu, David Zamora, Alan D. Ziegler, Imenne Åhlén. Correction: Jaramillo, F.; et al. Priorities and Interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Focus on Wetlands. Water 2019, 11, 619. Water. 2019; 12 (1):88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Jaramillo; Amanda Desormeaux; Johanna Hedlund; James W. Jawitz; Nicola Clerici; Luigi Piemontese; Jenny Alexandra Rodríguez-Rodriguez; Jesús Adolfo Anaya; Juan F. Blanco-Libreros; Sonia Borja; Jorge Celi; Sergey Chalov; Kwok Pan Chun; Matilda Cresso; Georgia Destouni; Shimelis Behailu Dessu; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Andrea Downing; Luisa Espinosa; Navid Ghajarnia; Pierre Girard; Álvaro G. Gutiérrez; Amy Hansen; Tengfei Hu; Jerker Jarsjö; Zahra Kalantari; Adnane Labbaci; Lucia Licero-Villanueva; John Livsey; Ewa Machotka; Kathryn McCurley; Sebastián Palomino-Ángel; Jan Pietron; René Price; Sorain J. Ramchunder; Constanza Ricaurte-Villota; Luisa Fernanda Ricaurte; Lula Dahir; Erasmo Rodríguez; Jorge Salgado; A. Britta K. Sannel; Ana Carolina Santos; Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Ylva Sjöberg; Lian Sun; Josefin Thorslund; Guillaume Vigouroux; Lan Wang-Erlandsson; Diandian Xu; David Zamora; Alan D. Ziegler; Imenne Åhlén. 2019. "Correction: Jaramillo, F.; et al. Priorities and Interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Focus on Wetlands. Water 2019, 11, 619." Water 12, no. 1: 88.
The objective of the study was to analyze the variability of various climate indicators across the agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of the Jema watershed. The variability was analyzed considering mean annual rainfall (MARF, mm), mean daily minimum temperature (MDMinT, °C), and mean daily maximum temperature (MDMaxT, °C). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to test whether group mean differences exist in the values of the indicated climatic indicators among the ACZs of the watershed. The coefficient of variation was computed to analyze the degree of climate variability among the ACZs. Rainfall and temperature data sets from 1983 to 2017 were obtained from nearby meteorological stations. The effect of climate variability in the farming system was assessed with reference to local farmers’ experience. Ultimately, the values of the stated indicators of exposure to climate variability were indexed (standardized) in order to run arithmetic functions. The MARF decreases towards sub-alpine ACZs. Based on the result of the ANOVA, the two-tailed p-value (≤ 0.04) was less than 0.05; that is, there was a significant variation in MARF, MDMaxT (°C), and MDMinT (°C) among the ACZs. The coefficient of variation showed the presence of variations of 0.18–0.88 for MARF, 0.18 to 0.85 for MDMaxT, and 0.02–0.95 for MDMinT across the ACZs. In all of the indicators of exposure to climate variability, the lowest and highest indexed values of coefficient of variation were observed in the moist–cool and sub-alpine ACZs, respectively. Overall, the aggregate indexed values of exposure to various climate indicators ranged from 0.13–0.89 across the ACZs. The level of exposure to climate variability increased when moving from moist–cool to sub-alpine ACZs. The overall crop diversity declined across the ACZs of the watershed. Nevertheless, mainly because of the rise in temperature, the climate became suitable for cultivating maize and tef even at higher elevations. In order to adapt to the inter-annual variability of the rainy season, the process of adapting early-maturing crops and the use of improved seeds needs to be enhanced in the watershed, especially in the higher-elevation zones. It is also essential to revise traditional crop calendars and crop zones across the ACSz.
Mintesinot Taye; Belay Simane; Benjamin F. Zaitchik; Yihenew G. Selassie; Shimelis Setegn; Taye. Rainfall Variability across the Agro-Climatic Zones of a Tropical Highland: The Case of the Jema Watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia. Environments 2019, 6, 118 .
AMA StyleMintesinot Taye, Belay Simane, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Yihenew G. Selassie, Shimelis Setegn, Taye. Rainfall Variability across the Agro-Climatic Zones of a Tropical Highland: The Case of the Jema Watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia. Environments. 2019; 6 (11):118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMintesinot Taye; Belay Simane; Benjamin F. Zaitchik; Yihenew G. Selassie; Shimelis Setegn; Taye. 2019. "Rainfall Variability across the Agro-Climatic Zones of a Tropical Highland: The Case of the Jema Watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia." Environments 6, no. 11: 118.
Wetlands are often vital physical and social components of a country’s natural capital, as well as providers of ecosystem services to local and national communities. We performed a network analysis to prioritize Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for sustainable development in iconic wetlands and wetlandscapes around the world. The analysis was based on the information and perceptions on 45 wetlandscapes worldwide by 49 wetland researchers of the Global Wetland Ecohydrological Network (GWEN). We identified three 2030 Agenda targets of high priority across the wetlandscapes needed to achieve sustainable development: Target 6.3—“Improve water quality”; 2.4—“Sustainable food production”; and 12.2—“Sustainable management of resources”. Moreover, we found specific feedback mechanisms and synergies between SDG targets in the context of wetlands. The most consistent reinforcing interactions were the influence of Target 12.2 on 8.4—“Efficient resource consumption”; and that of Target 6.3 on 12.2. The wetlandscapes could be differentiated in four bundles of distinctive priority SDG-targets: “Basic human needs”, “Sustainable tourism”, “Environmental impact in urban wetlands”, and “Improving and conserving environment”. In general, we find that the SDG groups, targets, and interactions stress that maintaining good water quality and a “wise use” of wetlandscapes are vital to attaining sustainable development within these sensitive ecosystems.
Fernando Jaramillo; Amanda Desormeaux; Johanna Hedlund; James W. Jawitz; Nicola Clerici; Luigi Piemontese; Jenny Alexandra Rodríguez-Rodriguez; Jesús Adolfo Anaya; Juan F. Blanco-Libreros; Sonia Borja; Jorge Celi; Sergey Chalov; Kwok Pan Chun; Matilda Cresso; Georgia Destouni; Shimelis Behailu Dessu; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Andrea Downing; Luisa Espinosa; Navid Ghajarnia; Pierre Girard; Álvaro G. Gutiérrez; Amy Hansen; Tengfei Hu; Jerker Jarsjö; Zahra Kalantari; Adnane Labbaci; Lucia Licero-Villanueva; John Livsey; Ewa Machotka; Kathryn McCurley; Sebastián Palomino-Ángel; Jan Pietron; René Price; Sorain J. Ramchunder; Constanza Ricaurte-Villota; Luisa Fernanda Ricaurte; Lula Dahir; Erasmo Rodríguez; Jorge Salgado; A. Britta K. Sannel; Ana Carolina Santos; Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Ylva Sjöberg; Lian Sun; Josefin Thorslund; Guillaume Vigouroux; Lan Wang-Erlandsson; Diandian Xu; David Zamora; Alan D. Ziegler; Imenne Åhlén. Priorities and Interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Focus on Wetlands. Water 2019, 11, 619 .
AMA StyleFernando Jaramillo, Amanda Desormeaux, Johanna Hedlund, James W. Jawitz, Nicola Clerici, Luigi Piemontese, Jenny Alexandra Rodríguez-Rodriguez, Jesús Adolfo Anaya, Juan F. Blanco-Libreros, Sonia Borja, Jorge Celi, Sergey Chalov, Kwok Pan Chun, Matilda Cresso, Georgia Destouni, Shimelis Behailu Dessu, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Andrea Downing, Luisa Espinosa, Navid Ghajarnia, Pierre Girard, Álvaro G. Gutiérrez, Amy Hansen, Tengfei Hu, Jerker Jarsjö, Zahra Kalantari, Adnane Labbaci, Lucia Licero-Villanueva, John Livsey, Ewa Machotka, Kathryn McCurley, Sebastián Palomino-Ángel, Jan Pietron, René Price, Sorain J. Ramchunder, Constanza Ricaurte-Villota, Luisa Fernanda Ricaurte, Lula Dahir, Erasmo Rodríguez, Jorge Salgado, A. Britta K. Sannel, Ana Carolina Santos, Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Ylva Sjöberg, Lian Sun, Josefin Thorslund, Guillaume Vigouroux, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Diandian Xu, David Zamora, Alan D. Ziegler, Imenne Åhlén. Priorities and Interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Focus on Wetlands. Water. 2019; 11 (3):619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Jaramillo; Amanda Desormeaux; Johanna Hedlund; James W. Jawitz; Nicola Clerici; Luigi Piemontese; Jenny Alexandra Rodríguez-Rodriguez; Jesús Adolfo Anaya; Juan F. Blanco-Libreros; Sonia Borja; Jorge Celi; Sergey Chalov; Kwok Pan Chun; Matilda Cresso; Georgia Destouni; Shimelis Behailu Dessu; Giuliano Di Baldassarre; Andrea Downing; Luisa Espinosa; Navid Ghajarnia; Pierre Girard; Álvaro G. Gutiérrez; Amy Hansen; Tengfei Hu; Jerker Jarsjö; Zahra Kalantari; Adnane Labbaci; Lucia Licero-Villanueva; John Livsey; Ewa Machotka; Kathryn McCurley; Sebastián Palomino-Ángel; Jan Pietron; René Price; Sorain J. Ramchunder; Constanza Ricaurte-Villota; Luisa Fernanda Ricaurte; Lula Dahir; Erasmo Rodríguez; Jorge Salgado; A. Britta K. Sannel; Ana Carolina Santos; Samaneh Seifollahi-Aghmiuni; Ylva Sjöberg; Lian Sun; Josefin Thorslund; Guillaume Vigouroux; Lan Wang-Erlandsson; Diandian Xu; David Zamora; Alan D. Ziegler; Imenne Åhlén. 2019. "Priorities and Interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Focus on Wetlands." Water 11, no. 3: 619.
Generating land capability class guidelines at a watershed scale has become a priority in sustainable agricultural land use. This study analyzed the area of cultivated land use situated on the non-arable land-capability class in the Jema watershed in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin. Soil surveys, meteorological ground observations, a digital elevation model (DEM) at 30 m, Meteosat at 10 km × 10 km and Landsat at 30 m were used to generate the sample soil texture class, average annual total rainfall (ATRF in mm), terrain, slope (%), elevation (m a.s.l) and land-use land cover (%). The land capability class was analyzed by considering raster layers of terrain, the average ATRF and soil texture. Geo-statistics was employed to fit a surface of soil texture and average ATRF estimates. An overlay technique was used to compute the proportion of cultivated land placed on non-arable land. As per the results of the terrain analysis, the elevation (m a.s.l) of the watershed is in the range of 1895 to 3518 m. The slope was found to be in the range of 0 to 45%. The amount of estimated rainfall ranged from 1640 to 131 mm with value declined from the lower to the higher elevation. Clay loam, clay and heavy clay were found to be the major soil texture classes. Four land capability classes, i.e., II, III, IV (arable) and V (non-arable), were identified with proportions of 28.56%, 45.74%, 22.16% and 3.54%, respectively. Seven land-use land covers were identified, i.e., annual crop land, grazing land, bush land, bare land, settlement land, forestland and water bodies, with proportions of 42.1, 35.9, 8.90, 8.3, 2.6, 2.1, and 0.2, respectively. Around 1707.7 ha of land in the watershed is categorized under non-arable land that cannot be used for annual crop cultivation at any level of intensity. Around 437 ha (3.5%) of land was cultivated on non-arable land. To conclude, the observed unsustainable crop land use could maximize soil loss in upstream regions and siltation and flooding downstream. The annual crop land use that was observed on non-arable land needs to be replaced with perennial crops, pasture and/or forest land uses.
Mintesinot Taye; Belay Simane; Benjamin F. Zaitchik; Yihenew G. Selassie; Shimelis Setegn. Land Use Evaluation over the Jema Watershed, in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia. Land 2019, 8, 50 .
AMA StyleMintesinot Taye, Belay Simane, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Yihenew G. Selassie, Shimelis Setegn. Land Use Evaluation over the Jema Watershed, in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia. Land. 2019; 8 (3):50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMintesinot Taye; Belay Simane; Benjamin F. Zaitchik; Yihenew G. Selassie; Shimelis Setegn. 2019. "Land Use Evaluation over the Jema Watershed, in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia." Land 8, no. 3: 50.
The association between elevation (agro-climatic zones, ACZs) and the mean annual total rainfall (MATRF) is not straightforward in different parts of the world. This study sought to estimate the amount of MATRF across four elevation zones of Jema watershed, which is situated in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia, by employing an appropriate interpolation method. The elevation of the watershed ranges from 1895 to 3518 m a.s.l. For the sake of this study, 34 sample MATRF data were extracted from satellite and nearby gauge stations that were recorded from 1983 to 2010. These data sources were reconstructed by International Research Institute for Climate and Society at Columbia University, USA, at a scale of 10 km by 10 km. An elevation data set generated from a digital elevation model with 30-m resolution (DEM 30 m) was considered as a covariable to estimate the MATRF. To identify the optimal interpolation model, mean errors were computed using cross-validation statistics. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) analysis showed that ordinary cokriging (OCK) was the most accurate model with a predictive power of 87.3%. The root-mean-square standardized (RMSSE) analysis showed that the best precision value (0.72) occurred in OCK. Stable and Gaussian trend lines together with local polynomial types of trend removal, and an elliptical neighborhood search function could perform best to maximize the accuracy and the precision of estimating MATRF. Elevation, as a covariable, enhanced the degree of accuracy and precision of estimation. The value of the trend line function (least square) between the MATRF and elevation was very weak (R2 = 0.07), whereas the value of trend line function (least square) between the MATRF and the longitude coordinates (east–west direction) was medium (R2 = 0.34). The estimated MATRF for the entire watershed under study ranged from 1228 to 1640 mm. To conclude, elevation could contribute to the estimation of the MATRF. The value of the MATRF showed a declining pattern from the lower to higher elevation areas of the watershed.
Mintesinot Taye; Belay Simane; Benjamin F. Zaitchik; Shimelis Setegn; Yihenew G. Selassie. Analysis of the Spatial Patterns of Rainfall across the Agro-Climatic Zones of Jema Watershed in the Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia. Geosciences 2018, 9, 22 .
AMA StyleMintesinot Taye, Belay Simane, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Shimelis Setegn, Yihenew G. Selassie. Analysis of the Spatial Patterns of Rainfall across the Agro-Climatic Zones of Jema Watershed in the Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia. Geosciences. 2018; 9 (1):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMintesinot Taye; Belay Simane; Benjamin F. Zaitchik; Shimelis Setegn; Yihenew G. Selassie. 2018. "Analysis of the Spatial Patterns of Rainfall across the Agro-Climatic Zones of Jema Watershed in the Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia." Geosciences 9, no. 1: 22.
Water is essential for life, ecosystems, and social and economic development. We depend on a reliable, clean supply of drinking water to sustain our health. Water is also needed for agriculture, energy production, navigation, recreation, and manufacturing. Its exploitation and use must be well planned and managed in a sustainable manner. Water availability has been reduced due to periodic droughts, overconsumption of surface and groundwater resources, and pollution and climate change. Population increase, fast growth of cities, and accelerating economic activity are increasing the demand for water, energy, and food and creating further pressures on water resources. In many developing countries, the lack of adequate, clean, and safe water, pollution of aquatic environments, and the mismanagement of natural resources are still major causes of environmental health problem and mortality. Irregular rainfall, more floods, and droughts are becoming more frequent events in different parts of the world.
Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. Introduction: Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management 2015, 1 -6.
AMA StyleShimelis Gebriye Setegn. Introduction: Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management. 2015; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimelis Gebriye Setegn. 2015. "Introduction: Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)." Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management , no. : 1-6.
This chapter addresses the current state of water and energy resources management in different regions of the world using basin-scale case studies from North America, Latin America, and Africa. It focuses on the characterization of the current state and future projections of water and energy resources available in each basin as well as management of information gaps and potential links for integrating water and energy management. Agriculture demands large amounts of water in each basin and tends to be a priority when water distribution decisions are being made. Overall, this chapter provides a worldwide view of the state of water and energy in semiarid regions, showing cases of water management strategies that are being carried out in the case study basins considered in this chapter.
Luis Metzger; Belize Lane; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn; Jenna Kromann; Mathew Kilanski; David MacPhee. International Perspective on the Basin-Scale Water-Energy Nexus. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management 2015, 461 -488.
AMA StyleLuis Metzger, Belize Lane, Shimelis Gebriye Setegn, Jenna Kromann, Mathew Kilanski, David MacPhee. International Perspective on the Basin-Scale Water-Energy Nexus. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management. 2015; ():461-488.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuis Metzger; Belize Lane; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn; Jenna Kromann; Mathew Kilanski; David MacPhee. 2015. "International Perspective on the Basin-Scale Water-Energy Nexus." Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management , no. : 461-488.
Since historical times, natural ecosystems such as forests and wetlands are known to regulate water flow and maintain water quality. The past half a century however has witnessed unplanned and rapid development with widespread ecosystem degradation. Meanwhile water treatment and supply happens on an ad hoc basis that is neither sustainable nor affordable for most communities. The revival of an ecohydrological approach is called for, with increased use of ecosystem services in water resources management. The affordable and sustainable aspects of this approach make it especially pertinent for developing countries, given the increasing challenges posed by mounting population, consumption, and climate change. This chapter describes the general links between different ecosystems, hydrology, and water quality and outlines the steps in developing an ecohydrological approach. The next chapter describes case studies that have successfully incorporated an ecohydrological approach in different realms of water resources management in the developing world.
Amartya K. Saha; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. Ecohydrology: Understanding and Maintaining Ecosystem Services for IWRM. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management 2015, 121 -145.
AMA StyleAmartya K. Saha, Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. Ecohydrology: Understanding and Maintaining Ecosystem Services for IWRM. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management. 2015; ():121-145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmartya K. Saha; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. 2015. "Ecohydrology: Understanding and Maintaining Ecosystem Services for IWRM." Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management , no. : 121-145.
Water and energy are indispensable to the social and economic development of a country. The rising pressure on resource demands, new production, and consumption models requires a better understanding about the connections between water and energy. In a world of growing population and urbanization, cities are becoming the focus of international efforts of sustainability. According to the United Nations, over 100 years ago, only 10 % of the world population lived in the cities. Nowadays, this rate is of 15 %, and the tendency is for that number to rise over the next years, reaching 75 % in 2050. In order to accommodate this increasing population pressure, cities need to become more intelligent, well prepared, and organized, aiming to reduce poverty, providing education and health, managing and optimizing natural resources, protecting the environment, and facing climate change. This chapter gives a better understanding about the water-energy nexus. It shows the importance of an integrated engagement in future interdisciplinary research and development to target water-use efficiency in the energy sector and energy efficiency.
Janaina Camile Pasqual; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. The Importance of Water-Energy Nexus for Sustainable Development: A South America Perspective. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management 2015, 431 -443.
AMA StyleJanaina Camile Pasqual, Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. The Importance of Water-Energy Nexus for Sustainable Development: A South America Perspective. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management. 2015; ():431-443.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanaina Camile Pasqual; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. 2015. "The Importance of Water-Energy Nexus for Sustainable Development: A South America Perspective." Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management , no. : 431-443.
Water resources in the tropics and subtropics are under severe pressure from burgeoning populations, ad hoc development, and the degrading environment. Uncertainty in precipitation due to climate change adds to the pressure to equitably provide adequate and safe water to all of humanity. Hence, utilizing the beneficial roles played by forests and wetlands upon water availability and quality is the only way to enable the equitable provision of water to all sections of society as well as for buffering water resources against climate change. Understanding the links between different ecosystems in a catchment and local/regional hydrology enables restoration and maintenance of the ecosystems along with the services they provide. This chapter describes the ecohydrological approach to water resources management along with some examples of the application to a range of areas, from river basin management to wastewater treatment and reuse.
Amartya K. Saha; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. Ecohydrology for Sustainability of IWRM: A Tropical/Subtropical Perspective. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management 2015, 163 -178.
AMA StyleAmartya K. Saha, Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. Ecohydrology for Sustainability of IWRM: A Tropical/Subtropical Perspective. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management. 2015; ():163-178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmartya K. Saha; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. 2015. "Ecohydrology for Sustainability of IWRM: A Tropical/Subtropical Perspective." Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management , no. : 163-178.
Water is essential for life and social and economic development. Its exploitation and use must be well planned and managed in a sustainable manner. In many developing countries, lack of adequate, clean, and safe water, pollution of aquatic environments, and the mismanagement of natural resources are still major causes of environmental health problem and mortality. With a human population that is continuing to grow, the management of water resources will become of vital importance. In order to accommodate more growth, sustainable freshwater resource management will need to be included in future development plans and implementations. One of the major environmental issues of concern to policy-makers is the increased vulnerability of surface and groundwater quality. Furthermore, the main challenge for the sustainability of water resources is the control of water pollution. To understand the sustainability of the water resources, one needs to understand the impact of future land use and climate changes on the water resources. Providing safe water and basic sanitation to meet the millennium development goals will require substantial economic resources, sustainable technological solutions, and courageous political will. A balanced approach to water resources development, on the one hand, and controls for the protection of water quality, on the other hand, is required for sustainability of water resources and environmental public health. In addition to providing improved water and sanitation services, we must ensure that these services provide safe drinking water; adequate quantities of water for health, hygiene, agriculture, and development; and sustainable sanitation approaches to protect health and the environment.
Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. Water Resources Management for Sustainable Environmental Public Health. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management 2015, 275 -287.
AMA StyleShimelis Gebriye Setegn. Water Resources Management for Sustainable Environmental Public Health. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management. 2015; ():275-287.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimelis Gebriye Setegn. 2015. "Water Resources Management for Sustainable Environmental Public Health." Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management , no. : 275-287.
The demand for adequate and safe supplies of water is becoming crucial especially in the overpopulated urban centers of the Caribbean islands. Moreover, population growth coupled with environmental degradation and possible adverse impacts of land use and climate change are major factors limiting freshwater resource availability. The main objective of this study is to develop a hydrological model and analyze the spatiotemporal variability of hydrological processes in the Great River basin, Jamaica. Physically based hydrological model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was calibrated and validated in the basin. Spatial distribution of annual hydrological processes, water balance components for wet and dry years, and annual hydrological water balance of the Great River basin are discussed. The basin water balance analysis indicated that surface runoff contributes more than 28 %, whereas the groundwater contributes more than 18 % of the stream flow. The water balance components differ spatially between each subbasin. The actual evapotranspiration varies between subbasins which range from 887 to 1,034 mm. The variation in evapotranspiration between subbasins is mainly due to variations in land cover. The model can be used to predict watershed responses to climate and land use changes. Hydrological water balance analysis can be used to predict the existing water resource component that can help manage water availability and predict where and when there will be water shortages. The output of water balance study can be used in irrigation potential assessment, runoff assessment, flood control, and pollution control.
Shimelis Gebriye Setegn; Assefa Melesse; Orville Grey; Dale Webber. Understanding the Spatiotemporal Variability of Hydrological Processes for Integrating Watershed Management and Environmental Public Health in the Great River Basin, Jamaica. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management 2015, 533 -561.
AMA StyleShimelis Gebriye Setegn, Assefa Melesse, Orville Grey, Dale Webber. Understanding the Spatiotemporal Variability of Hydrological Processes for Integrating Watershed Management and Environmental Public Health in the Great River Basin, Jamaica. Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management. 2015; ():533-561.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimelis Gebriye Setegn; Assefa Melesse; Orville Grey; Dale Webber. 2015. "Understanding the Spatiotemporal Variability of Hydrological Processes for Integrating Watershed Management and Environmental Public Health in the Great River Basin, Jamaica." Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management , no. : 533-561.
Orville P. Grey; Dale F. St. G Webber; Shimelis G. Setegn; Aseffa M. Melesse. Aplicación de la herramienta de evaluación de suelo y agua (modelo SWAT) en una isla tropical pequeña (Gran Cuenca del Río, Jamaica) como una herramienta en la gestión integral de cuencas y manejo de la zona costera. Revista de Biología Tropical 2014, 62, 293 .
AMA StyleOrville P. Grey, Dale F. St. G Webber, Shimelis G. Setegn, Aseffa M. Melesse. Aplicación de la herramienta de evaluación de suelo y agua (modelo SWAT) en una isla tropical pequeña (Gran Cuenca del Río, Jamaica) como una herramienta en la gestión integral de cuencas y manejo de la zona costera. Revista de Biología Tropical. 2014; 62 ():293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrville P. Grey; Dale F. St. G Webber; Shimelis G. Setegn; Aseffa M. Melesse. 2014. "Aplicación de la herramienta de evaluación de suelo y agua (modelo SWAT) en una isla tropical pequeña (Gran Cuenca del Río, Jamaica) como una herramienta en la gestión integral de cuencas y manejo de la zona costera." Revista de Biología Tropical 62, no. : 293.
According to future projections, precipitation and temperature will increase over Eastern Africa in the coming century. This chapter presents basin-level impact of climate change over the Upper Gilgel Abay River catchment, Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia, by downscaling the Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3) global climate model using the statistical downscaling model (SDSM). The baseline period (1961–1990) recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was considered for analysis of the baseline scenario. For future scenario analysis, the time periods of the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s were applied. Mean annual rainfall will be expected to increase by 2.21, 2.23, and 1.89 % for A2 scenario and by 2.06, 1.85, and 0.36 % for B2 scenario by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. The projected average temperature increases by 0.43, 1.05, and 1.92 °C for A2 scenario and by 0.47, 0.87, and 1.38 °C for B2 scenario in the three time periods. In the study area, the minimum temperature increases by 0.55, 1.06, and 1.83 °C for A2 scenario and 0.50, 0.87, and 1.29 °C for B2 scenario in the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s, respectively.
Anwar A. Adem; Assefa M. Melesse; Seifu A. Tilahun; Shimelis G. Setegn; Essayas K. Ayana; Abeyou Wale; Tewodros T. Assefa. Climate Change Projections in the Upper Gilgel Abay River Catchment, Blue Nile Basin Ethiopia. Nile River Basin 2014, 363 -388.
AMA StyleAnwar A. Adem, Assefa M. Melesse, Seifu A. Tilahun, Shimelis G. Setegn, Essayas K. Ayana, Abeyou Wale, Tewodros T. Assefa. Climate Change Projections in the Upper Gilgel Abay River Catchment, Blue Nile Basin Ethiopia. Nile River Basin. 2014; ():363-388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnwar A. Adem; Assefa M. Melesse; Seifu A. Tilahun; Shimelis G. Setegn; Essayas K. Ayana; Abeyou Wale; Tewodros T. Assefa. 2014. "Climate Change Projections in the Upper Gilgel Abay River Catchment, Blue Nile Basin Ethiopia." Nile River Basin , no. : 363-388.
The Nile River basin is home to more than 238 million people covering 11 countries. The basin is characterized by unique ecological systems with varied landscapes including high mountains, tropical forests, woodlands, lakes, savannas, wetlands, arid lands, and deserts. The basin is also characterized by poverty, rapid population growth, environmental degradation, and frequent natural disasters. While the population in the basin is projected to increase significantly over the coming decades, the water resources are projected to decline, with an increase in environmental degradation. This will be a tremendous challenge in a basin where emerging water demands by upstream countries are forcing a new formula for the use of the scarce water resources. Unless a framework of agreement for equitable water sharing is reached soon between all riparian states, the potential for acute water conflict is high. Cooperation is essential for controlling watershed degradation and water quality decline.
Assefa M. Melesse; Wossenu Abtew; Shimelis G. Setegn. Introduction. Nile River Basin 2014, 1 -4.
AMA StyleAssefa M. Melesse, Wossenu Abtew, Shimelis G. Setegn. Introduction. Nile River Basin. 2014; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAssefa M. Melesse; Wossenu Abtew; Shimelis G. Setegn. 2014. "Introduction." Nile River Basin , no. : 1-4.
We compared projected changes in precipitation and temperature across global climate models (GCMs) for two future periods to get an indication of the consistency of the projected changes in the Lake Tana subbasin of the Blue Nile basin. We found that the models projected temperature increases of around 2 °C to 5 °C for 2080–2100, depending on the model and emission scenario. The interquartile ranges of the projected temperature increases for 2070–2100 for the three emission scenarios show 2.0−4.4 °C in the wet season and 2.2−4.9 °C in the dry season. The ensemble of GCMs we examined includes models that project increases and decreases in seasonal precipitation. The interquartile ranges of the projected rainfall changes for 2070–2100 for the three emission scenarios show − 13 to + 12 % in the wet season and − 14 to + 16 % in the dry season. The study investigated how changes in temperature and precipitation might translate into changes in streamflows and other hydrological components using downscaled outputs from different climate models. The direction of streamflow changes followed the direction of changes in rainfall. The responses of evapotranspiration, soil moisture (SW), and groundwater (GW) were also examined, and it was found that changes in GW flow may be a significant component of the changes in streamflow.
Shimelis G. Setegn; Assefa M. Melesse; David Rayner; Bijan Dargahi. Climate Change Impact on Water Resources and Adaptation Strategies in the Blue Nile River Basin. Nile River Basin 2014, 389 -404.
AMA StyleShimelis G. Setegn, Assefa M. Melesse, David Rayner, Bijan Dargahi. Climate Change Impact on Water Resources and Adaptation Strategies in the Blue Nile River Basin. Nile River Basin. 2014; ():389-404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimelis G. Setegn; Assefa M. Melesse; David Rayner; Bijan Dargahi. 2014. "Climate Change Impact on Water Resources and Adaptation Strategies in the Blue Nile River Basin." Nile River Basin , no. : 389-404.
Lake Alemaya in the Ethiopian Highlands has historically provided the surrounding area with water for domestic use, irrigation, and livestock and has served as a local fishery tank. Increasing irrigation and domestic water use, change in the local climate and changes in the surrounding land cover are believed to be the causes of Lake Alemaya’s demise. Expansion of major irrigated crops in particular chat (Catha Edulis), potato and vegetables and non-judicious use of irrigation water in the Lake Alemaya watershed led to presumption that irrigation is partly responsible for the withdrawal of large quantity of water from the lake. Thus, water balance study of Lake Alemaya was carried out under presumed scenarios in order to study the possible trends and fluctuations of the lake water level in response to proposed scenarios. Further, it is essential to study the irrigation performance for developing optimal irrigation schedules in the study area to make the best use of available water for long term sustainability of the water resources of Lake Alemaya. It was identified that expansion of the irrigated area in general and chat cultivation in particular in the study area have been the key to sustainable management of lake water, hence its expansion during the past 37 years (1965–2002) was studied through interpretation of satellite data. Subsequently, performance evaluation of the small-scale irrigation practices for major irrigated crops was carried out. Optimal irrigation schedules for different crop seasons were also developed for these irrigated crops using CROPWAT software. It was found that chat area increased from 190 ha in 1996 to nearly 330 ha in 2002. Further, it was observed that 43% surface area of the lake has reduced within a span of 37 years. Overall, maximum irrigation intensity of chat, potato and vegetables is observed during the first irrigation season of the crop calendar. Particularly, in case of chat, irrigation performance indicators such as Relative Water Supply (RWS), Relative Irrigation Supply (RIS), Depleted Fraction (DF) and Overall Consumed Ratio (OCR) values indicated poor performance of irrigation practices. From the analysis, it was found that the application of a fixed irrigation depth and fixed irrigation interval combinations of (25 mm—25 day), (20 mm—20 day), or (20 mm—25 day) are recommended for chat in the study area. Optimal irrigation schedules were decided on the basis of combination of irrigation interval and depth that results in low loss of irrigation water with reasonable yield reduction. Thus, determination of appropriate water management strategy can ensure proper utilization of the available water resources and improve the water application efficiency of the small-scale irrigation practices around Lake Alemaya, Ethiopia.
Shimelis Gebriye Setegn; V. M. Chowdary; B. C. Mal; Fikadu Yohannes; Yasuyuki Kono. Water Balance Study and Irrigation Strategies for Sustainable Management of a Tropical Ethiopian Lake: A Case Study of Lake Alemaya. Water Resources Management 2011, 25, 2081 -2107.
AMA StyleShimelis Gebriye Setegn, V. M. Chowdary, B. C. Mal, Fikadu Yohannes, Yasuyuki Kono. Water Balance Study and Irrigation Strategies for Sustainable Management of a Tropical Ethiopian Lake: A Case Study of Lake Alemaya. Water Resources Management. 2011; 25 (9):2081-2107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimelis Gebriye Setegn; V. M. Chowdary; B. C. Mal; Fikadu Yohannes; Yasuyuki Kono. 2011. "Water Balance Study and Irrigation Strategies for Sustainable Management of a Tropical Ethiopian Lake: A Case Study of Lake Alemaya." Water Resources Management 25, no. 9: 2081-2107.
The growing high demand for Lake Tana water portends a disturbing future. The main objective of this paper is to make a contribution to the development of a sustainable use of the water of Lake Tana. A fully three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was combined with a watershed model and together, these models were successfully validated for the year 2006. The flow structure is characterized by large recirculation and secondary flow regions. Secondary flows are induced by hydrodynamic instabilities occurring at the interfaces of layers with a velocity gradient and the interaction with the irregularities of the bed. The weak stratification process in Lake Tana is characterized by a classic summer profile, which is more pronounced during January–February. Mixing processes in the lake are controlled by wind, the mixing energy induced by both river inflows and the lake outlet, and convective mixing due to the negative buoyancy. An alarming fall of the water levels in Lake Tana was found in response to the planned water withdrawal. The long flushing time (19 months) will not allow a fast decay of contaminated materials released into the lake. The flow structure will not be significantly modified by the planned water withdrawal but the flushing time will decrease. The hydrodynamics of Lake Tana resemble a closed system similar to a shallow reservoir with an overflow type outlet. The implication is that the lake is vulnerable to changes in external conditions and sustainable use of the water resource of the lake will require awareness of this vulnerability. The combined watershed and hydrodynamic models would be effective tools to achieve this awareness. It is also necessary to address the impact of climate change on the fate of the lake. These are all difficult challenges that need to be addressed to safeguard the sensitive eco-system of the area.
Bijan Dargahi; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. Combined 3D hydrodynamic and watershed modelling of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Journal of Hydrology 2011, 398, 44 -64.
AMA StyleBijan Dargahi, Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. Combined 3D hydrodynamic and watershed modelling of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Journal of Hydrology. 2011; 398 (1-2):44-64.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBijan Dargahi; Shimelis Gebriye Setegn. 2011. "Combined 3D hydrodynamic and watershed modelling of Lake Tana, Ethiopia." Journal of Hydrology 398, no. 1-2: 44-64.
This chapter discusses the hydrometeorology, land use, soils, topography, agroecological zones, extreme flows, climatic variability and climatic teleconnections of the upper Blue Nile River basin. The basin has a varied topography, rainfall and temperature resulting in different agroclimatic zones. Spatial distribution of annual rainfall over the basin shows high variation with the southern tip receiving as high as 2,049 mm and the northeastern tip as low as 794 mm annual average rainfall. The analysis of the basin’s river flow and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index connectivity indicates that the upper Blue Nile River basin rainfall and flows are teleconnected to the ENSO index. Based on event correspondence analysis, high rainfall and high flows are likely to occur during La Niña years and dry years are likely to occur during El Niño years at a confidence level of 90%. Low and high flow analysis for selected tributaries and flow at the Blue Nile River flow shows different recurrence intervals of the high and low flows.
Assefa M. Melesse; Wossenu Abtew; Shimelis G. Setegn; Tibebe Dessalegne. Hydrological Variability and Climate of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin. Nile River Basin 2011, 3 -37.
AMA StyleAssefa M. Melesse, Wossenu Abtew, Shimelis G. Setegn, Tibebe Dessalegne. Hydrological Variability and Climate of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin. Nile River Basin. 2011; ():3-37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAssefa M. Melesse; Wossenu Abtew; Shimelis G. Setegn; Tibebe Dessalegne. 2011. "Hydrological Variability and Climate of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin." Nile River Basin , no. : 3-37.
Mara is a transboundary river located in Kenya and Tanzania and considered to be an important life line to the inhabitants of the Mara-Serengeti ecosystem. It is also a source of water for domestic water supply, irrigation, livestock and wildlife. The alarming increase of water demand as well as the decline in the river flow in recent years has been a major challenge for water resource managers and stakeholders. This has necessitated the knowledge of the available water resources in the basin at different times of the year. Historical rainfall, minimum and maximum stream flows were analyzed. Inter and intra-annual variability of trends in streamflow are discussed. Landsat imagery was utilized in order to analyze the land use land cover in the upper Mara River basin. The semi-distributed hydrological model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to model the basin water balance and understand the hydrologic effect of the recent land use changes from forest-to-agriculture. The results of this study provided the potential hydrological impacts of three land use change scenarios in the upper Mara River basin. It also adds to the existing literature and knowledge base with a view of promoting better land use management practices in the basin.
Liya M. Mango; Assefa M. Melesse; Michael E. McClain; Daniel Gann; Shimelis G. Setegn. Hydro-Meteorology and Water Budget of the Mara River Basin Under Land Use Change Scenarios. Nile River Basin 2011, 39 -68.
AMA StyleLiya M. Mango, Assefa M. Melesse, Michael E. McClain, Daniel Gann, Shimelis G. Setegn. Hydro-Meteorology and Water Budget of the Mara River Basin Under Land Use Change Scenarios. Nile River Basin. 2011; ():39-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiya M. Mango; Assefa M. Melesse; Michael E. McClain; Daniel Gann; Shimelis G. Setegn. 2011. "Hydro-Meteorology and Water Budget of the Mara River Basin Under Land Use Change Scenarios." Nile River Basin , no. : 39-68.