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Joana Costa held a Post-Doc in Economics from FEP Universidade do Porto in the field of “ lnnovation Persistence and National lnnovation Contexts — The Role of Open lnnovation”. PhD in Public Policy – Economics of Innovation from the DCSPT, University of Aveiro and a Master in Economics at FEP, Universidade do Porto. Also has a Degree in Economics from EEG, Universidade do Minho.
After the Cold War, the defense industries found themselves at a crossroads. However, it seems that they are gaining new momentum, as new technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence are enabling the development of autonomous, highly innovative and disruptive intelligent systems. Despite this new impetus, there are still doubts about where to invest limited financial resources to boost high-tech defense industries. In order to shed some light on the topic, we decided to conduct a systematic literature review by using the PRISMA protocol and content analysis. The results indicate that autonomous intelligent systems are being developed by the defense industry and categorized into three different modes—fully autonomous operations, partially autonomous operations, and smart autonomous decision-making. In addition, it is also important to note that, at a strategic level of war, there is limited room for automation given the need for human intervention. However, at the tactical level of war, there is a high probability of growth in industrial defense, since, at this level, structured decisions and complex analytical-cognitive tasks are carried out. In the light of carrying out those decisions and tasks, robotics and artificial intelligence can make a contribution far superior to that of human beings.
João Reis; Yuval Cohen; Nuno Melão; Joana Costa; Diana Jorge. High-Tech Defense Industries: Developing Autonomous Intelligent Systems. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4920 .
AMA StyleJoão Reis, Yuval Cohen, Nuno Melão, Joana Costa, Diana Jorge. High-Tech Defense Industries: Developing Autonomous Intelligent Systems. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):4920.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Reis; Yuval Cohen; Nuno Melão; Joana Costa; Diana Jorge. 2021. "High-Tech Defense Industries: Developing Autonomous Intelligent Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 4920.
The main goal of this article is to appraise the existence of different patterns of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, to identify its relationship with Entrepreneurial Initiative, and recommend entrepreneurship policies that may influence the growth of entrepreneurial action. Without evidence on entrepreneurial ecosystems landscape and what determinants stimulate entrepreneurship in a given environment, policies could become flawed and miss the target. To address research purposes, the analysis was performed using data extracted from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Database carried out between 2010 and 2016. To ensure a longitudinal perspective, it was used a balanced panel approach followed by Logistic Regression estimations. The article offers a novel and systematic approach, the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Taxonomy, to overcome a disaggregated perspective on entrepreneurial ecosystems, between individual and context levels. Empirical findings capture four different country profiles, based on two measures: Entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurial initiative. The results allow to compare the four groups and appraise significant disparities around entrepreneurship determinants, namely, the education factor. While education is commonly recognized as a positive influence on entrepreneurship, the results suggest a contradictory effect. The existence of differentiated profiles and its determinants points outs the importance of developing specific entrepreneurship policy packages attending group specificities.
Mariana Pita; Joana Costa; António Moreira. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Entrepreneurial Initiative: Building a Multi-Country Taxonomy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4065 .
AMA StyleMariana Pita, Joana Costa, António Moreira. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Entrepreneurial Initiative: Building a Multi-Country Taxonomy. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4065.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariana Pita; Joana Costa; António Moreira. 2021. "Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Entrepreneurial Initiative: Building a Multi-Country Taxonomy." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4065.
Open innovation is proved to be determinant in the rationalization of sustainable innovation ecosystems. Firms, universities, governments, user communities and the overall environment are called to contribute to this dynamic process. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of open innovation on firms’ performance and to empirically assess whether university-industry collaborations are complementary or substitutes for this activity. Primary data were collected from a survey encompassing 908 firms, and then combined with performance indicators from SABI (Spanish and Portuguese business information). Econometric estimations were run to evaluate the role of open innovation and university-industry collaboration in the firm innovative propensity and performance. Results highlight the importance of diversity in collaborations with the academia and inbound open innovation strategy as enhancers of firm performance. The two activities reinforce each other. By testing the impact of open innovation practices on company performance, the need for heterogeneity in terms of contact type and university is also demonstrated. Findings cast light on the need to reformulate existing policy packages, reinforcing the ties with academia as well as the promotion of open innovation strategies. The connection to the innovation ecosystem needs to be further encouraged as well as the promotion of persistent connections with the knowledge sources in an open and multilateral framework.
Joana Costa; Ana Neves; João Reis. Two Sides of the Same Coin. University-Industry Collaboration and Open Innovation as Enhancers of Firm Performance. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3866 .
AMA StyleJoana Costa, Ana Neves, João Reis. Two Sides of the Same Coin. University-Industry Collaboration and Open Innovation as Enhancers of Firm Performance. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3866.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa; Ana Neves; João Reis. 2021. "Two Sides of the Same Coin. University-Industry Collaboration and Open Innovation as Enhancers of Firm Performance." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3866.
The preliminary credibility assessment screening system (PCASS) is a US-based program, which is currently being implemented by intelligence units of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to make the initial screening of individuals suspected of infiltrating the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). Sensors have been instrumental in the PCASS, leading to organizational change. The aim of this research is to describe how the ANDSF adapted to the implementation of PCASS, as well as implemented changes since the beginning of the program. To do so, we have conducted a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive case study that allows one to understand, through the use of a series of data collection sources, a real-life phenomenon of which little is known. The results suggest that the sensors used in PCASS empower security forces with reliable technologies to identify and neutralize internal threats. It then becomes evident that the technological leadership that PCASS provides allows the developing of a relatively stable and consistent organizational change, fulfilling the objectives of the NATO and the ANDSF.
João Reis; Marlene Amorim; Nuno Melão; Yuval Cohen; Joana Costa. Counterintelligence Technologies: An Exploratory Case Study of Preliminary Credibility Assessment Screening System in the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces. Information 2021, 12, 122 .
AMA StyleJoão Reis, Marlene Amorim, Nuno Melão, Yuval Cohen, Joana Costa. Counterintelligence Technologies: An Exploratory Case Study of Preliminary Credibility Assessment Screening System in the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces. Information. 2021; 12 (3):122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoão Reis; Marlene Amorim; Nuno Melão; Yuval Cohen; Joana Costa. 2021. "Counterintelligence Technologies: An Exploratory Case Study of Preliminary Credibility Assessment Screening System in the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces." Information 12, no. 3: 122.
Green growth has resulted from resource management, setting the speed for sustainable development. Eco-innovations are essential for the improvement of a firm’s performance with societal gains, demanding special attention from policy makers. This paper deals with the effect of policy actions on the enhancement of eco-innovation adoption. The Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2012–2014 is used to estimate the impact of ‘carrots’ and ‘sticks’ on innovations with ecological benefits. In addition, the impact of a firm’s structural characteristics in ecological strategies is investigated. Regulations and taxes enhance eco-innovation, but grants are only relevant in the case of eco-innovations with external benefits. The firm dimension and non-technological innovation also increase the eco-innovation propensity. Embedding policy actions with environmental concerns will enhance social responsibility and promote resource preservation, providing waste as an economic value. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to appraise the effectiveness of the different policy instruments applied in the adoption of innovation with ecological benefits with both internal and external benefits. Secondly, it aims to identify which firm characteristics determine these managerial strategies. Hopefully, light will be cast on the topic so that public and private decision-makers will be given recommendations for policy package design working towards smart and green growth.
Joana Costa. Carrots or Sticks: Which Policies Matter the Most in Sustainable Resource Management? Resources 2021, 10, 12 .
AMA StyleJoana Costa. Carrots or Sticks: Which Policies Matter the Most in Sustainable Resource Management? Resources. 2021; 10 (2):12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa. 2021. "Carrots or Sticks: Which Policies Matter the Most in Sustainable Resource Management?" Resources 10, no. 2: 12.
Family SMEs are embedded with unique characteristics of family ownership and management and the attributes of resource constraints and smallness in SMEs. At present, these firms are struggling for survival due to the pandemic crisis. Fast and assertive policy strategies need to be implemented to promote resilience, raising survival propensity. To better understand and recognize internationalization patterns in family SMEs, the authors conduct a systematic literature review with theoretical and empirical articles in the last 15 years. The study contributes to the literature by identifying and clustering state of the art regarding family SMEs in their internationalization strategies; moreover, they provide a theoretical basis for future guidelines of empirical research regarding the used frameworks, most predominant strategies, managerial determinants, and the elements that may lead these firms to their long-term survival and their success and prosperity in international markets.
Rafael Luís Castro; Joana Costa. Struggling for Survival. Cases on Small Business Economics and Development During Economic Crises 2021, 179 -206.
AMA StyleRafael Luís Castro, Joana Costa. Struggling for Survival. Cases on Small Business Economics and Development During Economic Crises. 2021; ():179-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRafael Luís Castro; Joana Costa. 2021. "Struggling for Survival." Cases on Small Business Economics and Development During Economic Crises , no. : 179-206.
Digital transformation is progressing exponentially. Given the importance of this transformation, managerial strategies and practices need to be adapted to meet the new challenges. While countries are on a journey toward a process where human interactions and transactions—with the government, businesses—and consumption of goods, services, and ideas primarily conducted through the use of the internet and internet-based technologies, they are all traveling at different speeds. Based on the theory, drawing from the Global Innovation Index (GII) input-output framework and literature review on innovation, the chapter intends to answer the question: What is the impact of management and strategies for digital enterprise transformation on welfare?
Francisco Xavier Pedro; Joana Maria Costa Martins das Dores. The Impact of Management and Strategies for Digital Enterprise Transformation on Welfare. Disruptive Technology and Digital Transformation for Business and Government 2021, 129 -152.
AMA StyleFrancisco Xavier Pedro, Joana Maria Costa Martins das Dores. The Impact of Management and Strategies for Digital Enterprise Transformation on Welfare. Disruptive Technology and Digital Transformation for Business and Government. 2021; ():129-152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Xavier Pedro; Joana Maria Costa Martins das Dores. 2021. "The Impact of Management and Strategies for Digital Enterprise Transformation on Welfare." Disruptive Technology and Digital Transformation for Business and Government , no. : 129-152.
Smart specialisation is a major driver of contemporary regional development policy in the European Union. Politicians, policymakers, and academics enthusiastically wave smart specialisation as the remedy that will fix the problems affecting previous policy rounds. The expectations towards the ‘remedial' effect of smart specialisation bear on the assumption that the policy approach will place the emphasis on what is unique in a given region by means of a so-called entrepreneurial process of discovery, basically a wide participatory process, underpinning a learning mechanism aimed at revealing the R&D and innovation domains in which that region can hope to excel. Universities are generally seen as central organisations in smart specialisation strategies, as made explicit in policy documents and academic papers. The chapter aims at knowing more about the power of smart specialisation policies to induce change in university-industry interactions and the promotion of sustainable growth.
Joana Costa; Catarina Costa; Aurora A. C. Teixeira. Did Smart Specialization Approach Universities and Firms? Applying Design Thinking to the Measurement of Experiential Learning 2021, 130 -154.
AMA StyleJoana Costa, Catarina Costa, Aurora A. C. Teixeira. Did Smart Specialization Approach Universities and Firms? Applying Design Thinking to the Measurement of Experiential Learning. 2021; ():130-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa; Catarina Costa; Aurora A. C. Teixeira. 2021. "Did Smart Specialization Approach Universities and Firms?" Applying Design Thinking to the Measurement of Experiential Learning , no. : 130-154.
Entrepreneurship is a worldwide reality. Since the beginning of times and all around the world people have created businesses. Entrepreneurial orientation, from a macroeconomic perspective, allows income and employment generation, thus boosting growth. At the microeconomic level, it is a competition booster playing a central role in a globalized market. In this entrepreneurial ecosystem in which knowledge-based activity is the core booster of employment, economic growth, and competitiveness, universities and, in particular, entrepreneurial universities play either the role of knowledge production and dissemination. The present work aims to understand the role of education (formal and entrepreneurship) on entrepreneurial activity combined with heterogeneous individual characteristics and different cultures and geographies. Specifically, the study identifies substitution and complementary effects among both types of education according to individual taxonomies.
Joana Costa. Is Entrepreneurship Education Key to All Entrepreneurial Initiatives? Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance 2021, 45 -63.
AMA StyleJoana Costa. Is Entrepreneurship Education Key to All Entrepreneurial Initiatives? Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance. 2021; ():45-63.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa. 2021. "Is Entrepreneurship Education Key to All Entrepreneurial Initiatives?" Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance , no. : 45-63.
Worldwide, family businesses are one of the cornerstones of the entrepreneurial fabric, being as a consequence central to growth and development. In a globalized era, these institutions require the attention of businessmen, practitioners, and policymakers. The chapter seeks to examine if the internationalization performance does vary according to firm size, and its link to the innovative performance in multiple dimensions along with conventional characteristics such as age and turnover. Theoretical research evidences the interest in understanding the patterns and determinants of the internationalisation performance, given its importance in firm growth and survival; however, this strategical option brings advantages and problems. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the determinants do change according to firm dimension; estimations provide valuable insights about the connection between globalized operation and innovation, for the different organisations.
Joana Costa. Internationalization of Family Businesses. Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance 2021, 217 -238.
AMA StyleJoana Costa. Internationalization of Family Businesses. Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance. 2021; ():217-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa. 2021. "Internationalization of Family Businesses." Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance , no. : 217-238.
Innovation matters. Business success increasingly depends upon sustainable innovation. Observing recent innovation best practices, the emergence of a new paradigm is traceable. Creating an innovative ecosystem has a multilayer effect: It contributes to regional digitalization, technological start-up emergence, open innovation promotion, and new policy enhancement retro-feeding the system. Public policy must create open innovation environments accordingly with the quintuple helix harmonizing the ecosystem to internalize emerging spillovers. The public sector should enhance the process, providing accurate legal framework, procurement of innovation, and shared risks in R&D. Opening the locks that confine the trunks of community, academic, industry, and government innovation will harness each dimension exploiting collective and collaborative potential of individuals towards a brighter sustainable future. In this sense, the aim of this study is to present how open innovation can enhance sustainable innovation ecosystems and boost the digital transition. For that, firstly, a diachronic perspective of the sustainable innovation ecosystem is traced, its connection to open innovation, and identification of the university linkages. Secondly, database exploration and econometric estimations are performed. Then, we will ascertain how far open innovation frameworks and in particular the knowledge flows unveiled by the university promote smart and responsible innovation cycles. Lastly, we will propose a policy package towards green governance, empowering the university in governance distributed ecosystem, embedded in the community, self-sustained with shared gains, and a meaningful sense of identity.
Joana Costa; João Matias. Open Innovation 4.0 as an Enhancer of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8112 .
AMA StyleJoana Costa, João Matias. Open Innovation 4.0 as an Enhancer of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa; João Matias. 2020. "Open Innovation 4.0 as an Enhancer of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8112.
The failure of the deterritorialised innovation policy addressing the regions based on the “one-size-fits-all” policymaking made the Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) become the Holy Grail of the European cohesion. This policy strategy is part of a multilevel framework, which encompasses national and regional vectors harmonising transversal strategies and combining different aspects to generate a consistent policy mix. This growth strategy will reinforce the existence of an innovative and knowledge-based society, which aims to raise welfare, promote responsible practices, modernise economic activity and spread prosperity. Sustainable growth will optimise the use of resources, boost the efficiency levels, generate competitiveness and respect the environment. Inclusive growth will promote social and territorial cohesion which is sought after in the convergence policy, which has slowed down the pace after the financial crisis. The development of regional competitive advantages will rely on the establishment of relevant linkages between the Academia and the private institutions in knowledge creation and transfer. In this vein, the University is expected to play a central role, facing important challenges and requiring transformations, mostly in the case of less favoured regions. Productivity raise, construction of comparative advantages, market consolidation and profit maximisation, required to avoid the obsolescence of firms, will rely in the prosecution of innovative activities. Despite being risky, these activities are sought by firms as a source of economic performance increase, being the building blocks of a profit maximisation strategy. The velocity at which innovation occurs will differ among industrial sectors due to their singularities along with other firm structural characteristics, still, those who perform innovative activities are more prone to achieve higher standards of turnover growth and profits. The organisational competences concerning human capital, knowledge absorption, accumulation and diffusion will enhance the innovation capabilities, thus generating advantages. In this path, Universities will be determinant as they may leverage the success of the entrepreneurial innovativeness throughout the provision of relevant knowledge, productive techniques and methods. Absorbing, transforming and exploiting the general knowledge provided by the University will be the firms’ incumbency which will reflect the speed and the success of the individual’s innovative performance. Considering the reinforced role of the Academia as a knowledge producer and therefore inside the innovation process, the existence of incipient connections with firms will be unbearable. What enables and hinders University-firm linkages is, so far, overlooked in the literature demanding for the comprehensive analysis, in particular the causes of its failure, and the accurate policy mix that overcome the situation is vital for a successful RIS3. The singularities of this policy framework require redirection of the tools and actions to be taken such as incentives, grants, loans and subsidisation strategies. Empirical results shed light to the significant difference observed in the classification of the University as a source of information for innovation between public monies recipients and other firms. Among public funding beneficiaries, the Academia is an important source of knowledge to draw upon; conversely, for the other firms, it seems of poor importance the knowledge conveyed in the contact. In general, firms fail to consider the University as a relevant source of information for innovation, which seems to be incompatible with the establishment of smart specialisation strategies. These unexplored connections, which pledge the success of the present innovation policy, and reinforce the importance of its appraisal to fully understand the determinants of University-firm linkages and its connection to public subsidisation, encompassing the identification of the most effective beneficiaries. The econometric estimations, relying on the CIS, were run considering a panel of firms operating in Portugal, which provides the empirical evidence for a moderate innovation milieu which is poorly done so far as most of the studies focus on innovation leader. The findings reinforce the existence complementarities among policy instruments and highlight that new avenues of research should explore other policy instruments such as open innovation frameworks.
Joana Costa. Why Do Publicly Funded Firms Find the University More Useful to Innovate Than Others? Can We Accomplish the RIS3 Target? Industry 4.0 2020, 45 -66.
AMA StyleJoana Costa. Why Do Publicly Funded Firms Find the University More Useful to Innovate Than Others? Can We Accomplish the RIS3 Target? Industry 4.0. 2020; ():45-66.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa. 2020. "Why Do Publicly Funded Firms Find the University More Useful to Innovate Than Others? Can We Accomplish the RIS3 Target?" Industry 4.0 , no. : 45-66.
Not rarely, family businesses (FBs) are central to the economy; in Portugal the estimated impact of these structures reaches two-thirds of the GDP, absorbing half of the labor force and ascending to 80% of the firms in operation. Most of them are SMEs, but there are also FBs quoted on the stock exchange. These organizations play a central role in job creation, local development, long-term knowledge transfer, and territorial cohesion. The development of innovative activities is a critical factor for a competitive economy, yet innovation exposes firms to increased risks. FBs are often considered as conservative and risk-averse, resisting change. They prefer relying on internal factors rather than opening their structure to the external environment, consequently postponing innovation, thus pledging their future. The literature is not consensual in tying innovation with FBs. On the one hand, there is a strong belief that these firms have a reduced propensity to innovate due to their embedded culture; on the other hand, and due to values as loyalty and trust and informal networks, they will be more prone to develop either individual or collective innovation processes. Using a dataset of 110 family firms located in Portugal, we aim at observing the role of innovation and internationalization along with other structural characteristics to their economic performance. A multivariate model is applied to provide evidence reinforcing the determinant role of innovation, exports, and human capital in the performance of family firms. A deep understanding of the effective role of innovation, internationalization, and other structural characteristics of FBs will shed some light on the determinants of their economic performance, productive potential, longevity, and success. Given the importance of these structures, effective policy schemes should be designed, reinforcing the cohesion of the industry.
Joana Costa. Innovation and Internationalization as Efficiency Engines for Family Businesses: Analyzing the Case of Portugal. Industry 4.0 2020, 249 -267.
AMA StyleJoana Costa. Innovation and Internationalization as Efficiency Engines for Family Businesses: Analyzing the Case of Portugal. Industry 4.0. 2020; ():249-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa. 2020. "Innovation and Internationalization as Efficiency Engines for Family Businesses: Analyzing the Case of Portugal." Industry 4.0 , no. : 249-267.
Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold, being the first to grasp a broad picture of entrepreneurship determinants in Qatar, and second, to explore the intermediate effect of gender upon other factors affecting the propensity to become an entrepreneur and highlight gender heterogeneity. Combining theories on entrepreneurship determinants and gender, the study analyses the role of education (general and specific to enterprise), skill perception, social context and fear to fail as determinants of new venture creation in Qatar. The objective of the study is to appraise the determinants of the entrepreneurial activity in Qatar and understand if they hold across genders in terms of significance and magnitude. If so, policy actions can be adjusted to overcome gender gaps. This study aims to design policy recommendations to reinforce the Qatari entrepreneurial ecosystem and promote positive discrimination towards women initiatives in the Gulf region. Design/methodology/approach To understand male and female propensity to entrepreneurial activity in Qatar, a database from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) was used, considering data from 2014, with a sample that includes 4,272 individuals. To explore how the explanatory variables affect entrepreneurial propensity and if they hold significance across genders, three logistic regressions were run, the first including the entire sample, and the second and third separating individuals according to the gender. Then, to statistically appraise the differences among groups, a Kruskal–Wallis test was run to evidence group heterogeneity. Marginal effects of the model reinforce gender differences. The analysis was performed using Stata. Findings Different patterns of entrepreneurial propensity can be found among genders, allowing the exploration male and female determinants. The analysis shows that Qatari women are less prone to start a business when compared to men in equal conditions. For women, age is a deterring factor, contrarily to men. Both genders seem to be unconstrained by the fear to fail, still the self-perception of skills has a stronger effect on women. Research limitations/implications First, this study is restricted to the GEM database and covers 4,272 individuals whose representativeness cannot be statistically proved, despite the robustness of the sample size. Second, due to data limitations, the inclusion of theoretically relevant additional variables to the explanation of gender differences, such as economic and institutional determinants of entrepreneurial activity in the country under study, becomes infeasible. Practical implications Despite the conceptual and empirical limitations, the conclusions of the study fulfil literature gaps and offer quantitative and econometric evidences and which allow drawing policy recommendations. Social implications This study sheds a new light about the policy specificities needed to overcome gender differences and to equalise male and female entrepreneurial activity. Originality/value The study identifies gender differences in entrepreneurial propensity. The potential differences are firstly put in theoretical terms and followed by an exploratory analysis comprising statistical analysis and econometric estimations. The results allow examining the profile of male and female entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, the determinants of entrepreneurial initiatives and gender gaps. The study helps policy makers to elaborate adequate strategies to foster gender equality on entrepreneurship, aiming to increase overall entrepreneurial activity and consequently socio-economic development.
Joana Costa; Mariana Pita. Appraising entrepreneurship in Qatar under a gender perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 2020, 12, 233 -251.
AMA StyleJoana Costa, Mariana Pita. Appraising entrepreneurship in Qatar under a gender perspective. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship. 2020; 12 (3):233-251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa; Mariana Pita. 2020. "Appraising entrepreneurship in Qatar under a gender perspective." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 12, no. 3: 233-251.
Addressing sustainable development and societal challenges have been placed at the heart of all government priorities, detachedly of country stage of development, as a mean to achieve prosperity through social cohesion and equality. In this setting, entrepreneurship appears to be a powerful tool to encompass economic, social, and environmental goals, particularly when sustainability oriented. Sustainability oriented entrepreneurs (henceforth SEO) are still focused in profit maximization strategies combined with environmental respect and social inclusion and rely on a firm-based entrepreneurship initiative integrating the triple bottom line. The chapter aims to understand the role of culture (culture and social norms) on SEO activity among several countries, along with gender heterogeneity. Specifically, the study determines the moderating effect of (national) culture on SEO. The study uses a logistic regression and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database from 2015, with information of 60 countries.
Joana Costa; Mariana Pita. The Context Facets of Sustainability Entrepreneurial Orientation (SEO) Through the Lense of Gender. Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 2020, 96 -113.
AMA StyleJoana Costa, Mariana Pita. The Context Facets of Sustainability Entrepreneurial Orientation (SEO) Through the Lense of Gender. Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. 2020; ():96-113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa; Mariana Pita. 2020. "The Context Facets of Sustainability Entrepreneurial Orientation (SEO) Through the Lense of Gender." Handbook of Research on Novel Practices and Current Successes in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals , no. : 96-113.
The science and technology (S&T) binomial is often considered in the literature as an innovation system per se. Different theoretical frameworks, such as the 'national innovation systems', 'regional innovation systems' and the 'triple helix', were put forward in order to conceptualising the role of a diversity of agents in innovation processes underpinning knowledge-driven economies. More recently, the conceptual framework of smart specialisation has reinforced the importance of innovation and its diffusion in the entrepreneurial sector. Universities are still deemed as having a potentially pivotal role to play, not only in knowledge production but also in innovation delivery. The goal of this research is to discuss the importance of universities as sources of knowledge for innovative activities in Portugal. A panel comprising three waves of the CIS was built to estimate a hurdle model, the discussion of the estimation results attempt to provide some policy recommendations on the role of universities in knowledge production and diffusion and its connection to innovative firms.
Joana Costa; Carlos Rodrigues. Why innovative firms do not rely on universities as innovation sources. Global Business and Economics Review 2020, 22, 351 .
AMA StyleJoana Costa, Carlos Rodrigues. Why innovative firms do not rely on universities as innovation sources. Global Business and Economics Review. 2020; 22 (4):351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa; Carlos Rodrigues. 2020. "Why innovative firms do not rely on universities as innovation sources." Global Business and Economics Review 22, no. 4: 351.
Under the premise of rationality, politicians behave to maximize re-election probability. Favorable macroeconomic contexts, alignment with central governance, and balanced public finance will be rewarded leading to re-election. Logit estimations applied to Portuguese municipalities in the period 2002-2017 fail to empirically support these theoretical effects, providing no incentive-controlled policy actions. Local voters do not punish mayors for the adverse economic performance, staying loyal to ideological voting geographically and over time. Only turnout punishes incumbents over the entire period. The introduction of the law of limitation of terms did not change the incentives towards wise governance; therefore, lack of electoral punishments to undesirable policy actions withstands the potential misconduct of incumbents. Existing evidence points to the need of reforms in what concerns electoral participation as when we compel voters to express their democratic rights, they become more critical to undesirable achievements.
Joana Costa. Does It Pay Off for Mayors to Accurately Manage Finance on Municipalities? Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector 2020, 54 -79.
AMA StyleJoana Costa. Does It Pay Off for Mayors to Accurately Manage Finance on Municipalities? Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector. 2020; ():54-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa. 2020. "Does It Pay Off for Mayors to Accurately Manage Finance on Municipalities?" Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector , no. : 54-79.
Family businesses (FBs) are central to economies: in Portugal the impact of these structures reaches 2/3 of the GDP, 1/2 of the labour force, and 4/5 of the firms in operation, most of them being SMEs. These organisations play a central role in terms of job creation, local development, knowledge transfer, and territorial cohesion. Innovative activities are key factors for competitive economies; yet innovation increases risk exposure and FBs are conservative and risk adverse, resisting change, relying on internal factors rather than opening to the external environment, consequently postponing innovation and thus pledging their future. Their embedded culture reduces innovative propensity; still, the existence loyalty trust and informal networks enhance individual or collective innovation processes. Using a dataset of 110 FBs innovation and internationalization along with other structural characteristics are connected to their economic performance, shedding light on the determinants FB economic efficiency. Given their importance, made-to-measure policy schemes should be designed.
Joana Costa. Performance Determinants in Family Business. Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance 2020, 206 -227.
AMA StyleJoana Costa. Performance Determinants in Family Business. Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance. 2020; ():206-227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa. 2020. "Performance Determinants in Family Business." Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance , no. : 206-227.
The existence of companies developing innovative activities is a key factor for a competitive economy. Firms recognize the importance of performing innovative activities to raise their productivity and create an advantage towards their competitors, consolidate its position in the market and gain extra profits. Innovation projects have a very uncertain outcome, thus exposing the firm to additional risks. When the economic environment is adverse, firms tend to reduce the amount spent in R&D and deleverage innovative activities. As many innovation projects succeed, others fail. Very often firms decide to abandon their innovative projects which were jeopardized for several obstacles. The obstacles to innovation perceived by the firms will depend on their particular characteristics. The type of innovation being performed will naturally involve a different variety and extent of resources, moreover, the stage of the process will require the use of different resources with various intensities. Using a panel of firms collected from the Portuguese CIS, we observe that the abandon of innovative activities fell during the crisis, contrarily to our first expectation. This finding reinforces the suspicions that firms continue their innovative actions in turbulent environments such as the crisis, going along with the Schumpeter Mark I hypothesis. A deep understanding about the effective the role of the different type of barriers firms face in their innovative process will allow the design of more accurate policy recommendations.
Joana Costa; Anabela Botelho; João Matias. Hindering Factors to Innovation: A Panel Data Analysis. Industry 4.0 2018, 269 -298.
AMA StyleJoana Costa, Anabela Botelho, João Matias. Hindering Factors to Innovation: A Panel Data Analysis. Industry 4.0. 2018; ():269-298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Costa; Anabela Botelho; João Matias. 2018. "Hindering Factors to Innovation: A Panel Data Analysis." Industry 4.0 , no. : 269-298.
This paper investigates the potential impact of increased R&D efforts and structural change in Portugal on labour productivity. Based on existing literature on the relation between R&D expenditures, structural change and productivity, we evaluate the contribution of R&D and hightech industries to productivity over the last 30 years. Our results confirm the importance of business R&D in the medium to high-tech sectors and of public R&D, as they stimulate productivity growth. However, we cannot support the hypothosis that productivity growth was primarily rooted in the development of medium-high technology industries.Este artigo investiga o potencial impacto do aumento de I&D e de mudanças estruturais na produtividade do trabalho em Portugal. Com base na literatura sobre a relação entre despesas em I&D, mudança estrutural e produtividade, avaliamos a contribuição da I&D e das indústrias de alta tecnologia neste cenário durante os últimos 30 anos. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a importância dos investimentos em I&D das empresas de indústrias de alta e média-alta tecnologia e I&D público no crescimento da produtividade. Não obstante, não podemos afirmar que este fenômeno tenha como esteio principal o crescente relevo destas indústrias
Celeste Amorim Varum; Bruno Cibrão; Antonio Morgado; Joana Costa. R & D, structural change and productivity: the role of high and medium-high technology industries. Economia Aplicada 2009, 13, 399 -424.
AMA StyleCeleste Amorim Varum, Bruno Cibrão, Antonio Morgado, Joana Costa. R & D, structural change and productivity: the role of high and medium-high technology industries. Economia Aplicada. 2009; 13 (4):399-424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCeleste Amorim Varum; Bruno Cibrão; Antonio Morgado; Joana Costa. 2009. "R & D, structural change and productivity: the role of high and medium-high technology industries." Economia Aplicada 13, no. 4: 399-424.