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A 3-week feeding trial in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted with three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 5 mg/kg) of T-2 toxin (T-2) and two levels (0% and 0.5%) of green tea powder (GTP) supplements used in the diets of female brown Tsaiya ducklings (BTDs) and Kaiya ducklings (KDs), respectively. Breed had a significant effect on the growth performances and the relative weights of organs and carcass. In general, the growth performances of KDs were better than BTDs. The relative weights of organs and carcass of BTDs were typically heavier than those of KDs; however, the breast of KDs was heavier than those of BTDs. Both ducklings received 5 mg/kg of T-2 blended in the diet showed lower feed intake and body weight gain (BWG) in the second and the third week. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 and 0.5% GTP improved the BWG compared to those fed the diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP in BTDs. Ducklings fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, as well as decreased concentrations of creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase. The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were increased in KDs and BTDs fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP, respectively. However, duckling diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 with 0.5% GTP lowered concentrations of BUN and GOT in the blood plasma of KDs and BTDs, respectively. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 increased the relative kidney weight but decreased the relative breast weight of ducklings. Enlarged gizzards and reduced relative leg weights were observed in BTDs fed the diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2. In summary, BTDs are more sensitive than KDs in responding to T-2 toxicity and GTP detoxification. Green tea powder has detoxification ability and could potentially mitigate T-2 toxicity on BWG, BUN, and GOT in ducklings.
Ko-Hua Tso; Chompunut Lumsangkul; Min-Chien Cheng; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Yang-Kwang Fan; Hsin-I Chiang. Differential Effects of Green Tea Powders on the Protection of Brown Tsaiya and Kaiya Ducklings against Trichothecene T-2 Toxin Toxicity. Animals 2021, 11, 2541 .
AMA StyleKo-Hua Tso, Chompunut Lumsangkul, Min-Chien Cheng, Jyh-Cherng Ju, Yang-Kwang Fan, Hsin-I Chiang. Differential Effects of Green Tea Powders on the Protection of Brown Tsaiya and Kaiya Ducklings against Trichothecene T-2 Toxin Toxicity. Animals. 2021; 11 (9):2541.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKo-Hua Tso; Chompunut Lumsangkul; Min-Chien Cheng; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Yang-Kwang Fan; Hsin-I Chiang. 2021. "Differential Effects of Green Tea Powders on the Protection of Brown Tsaiya and Kaiya Ducklings against Trichothecene T-2 Toxin Toxicity." Animals 11, no. 9: 2541.
Little is known about the degradability of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) by the spent mushroom substrate (SMS)-derived manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) and its potential. The present study investigated the growth inhibition of Fusarium graminearum KR1 and the degradation of DON by MnP and LiP extracted from SMS. The results from the 7-day treatment period showed that mycelium inhibition of F. graminearum KR1 by MnP and LiP were 23.7% and 74.7%, respectively. Deoxynivalenol production in the mycelium of F. graminearum KR1 was undetectable after treatment with 50 U/mL of MnP or LiP for 7 days. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) content and chitinase activity both increased in the hyphae of F. graminearum KR1 after treatment with MnP and LiP for 1, 3, and 6 h, respectively. At 12 h, only the LiP-treated group had higher chitinase activity and GlcNAc content than those of the control group (p < 0.05). However, more than 60% of DON degradabilities (0.5 mg/kg, 1 h) were observed under various pH values (2.5, 4.5, and 6.5) in both MnP (50 U/g) and LiP (50 U/g) groups, while DON degradability at 1 mg/kg was 85.5% after 50 U/g of LiP treatment for 7 h in simulated pig gastrointestinal tracts. Similarly, DON degradability at 5 mg/kg was 67.1% after LiP treatment for 4.5 h in simulated poultry gastrointestinal tracts. The present study demonstrated that SMS-extracted peroxidases, particularly LiP, could effectively degrade DON and inhibit the mycelium growth of F. graminearum KR1.
Ko-Hua Tso; Chompunut Lumsangkul; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Yang-Kwang Fan; Hsin-I Chiang. The Potential of Peroxidases Extracted from the Spent Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) Substrate Significantly Degrade Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol. Toxins 2021, 13, 72 .
AMA StyleKo-Hua Tso, Chompunut Lumsangkul, Jyh-Cherng Ju, Yang-Kwang Fan, Hsin-I Chiang. The Potential of Peroxidases Extracted from the Spent Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) Substrate Significantly Degrade Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol. Toxins. 2021; 13 (1):72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKo-Hua Tso; Chompunut Lumsangkul; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Yang-Kwang Fan; Hsin-I Chiang. 2021. "The Potential of Peroxidases Extracted from the Spent Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) Substrate Significantly Degrade Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol." Toxins 13, no. 1: 72.
We aimed to investigate the association of gut microbiota with disease activity, inflammatory parameters, and auto-antibodies profile in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 138 RA patients and 21 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Fecal samples were collected for bacterial DNA extraction and 16S ribosome (r)RNA sequencing, followed by analyses of gut microbiota composition. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-17A were determined by using ELISA. Our results indicated that RA patients had lower diversity index, which reflects both evenness and richness of gut microbiota, compared to HC. The alpha-diversity was lower in anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA)-positive patients than in HC. The phylum Verrucomicrobiae and genus Akkermansia were more abundant in patients compared to HC. There was increased relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae as well as Klebsiella, and less abundance of Bifidobacterium in patients with high levels of TNF-α or IL-17A compared to those who had low levels of these cytokines. In addition, ACPA-positive patients had higher proportions of Blautia, Akkermansia, and Clostridiales than ACPA-negative patients. Gut dysbiosis in RA patients was presented as different microbial composition and its association with inflammatory parameters as well as ACPA seropositivity. These findings support the involvement of gut microbiota in RA pathogenesis.
Hsin-I Chiang; Jian-Rong Li; Chun-Chi Liu; Po-Yu Liu; Hsin-Hua Chen; Yi-Ming Chen; Joung-Liang Lan; Der-Yuan Chen. An Association of Gut Microbiota with Different Phenotypes in Chinese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2019, 8, 1770 .
AMA StyleHsin-I Chiang, Jian-Rong Li, Chun-Chi Liu, Po-Yu Liu, Hsin-Hua Chen, Yi-Ming Chen, Joung-Liang Lan, Der-Yuan Chen. An Association of Gut Microbiota with Different Phenotypes in Chinese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8 (11):1770.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-I Chiang; Jian-Rong Li; Chun-Chi Liu; Po-Yu Liu; Hsin-Hua Chen; Yi-Ming Chen; Joung-Liang Lan; Der-Yuan Chen. 2019. "An Association of Gut Microbiota with Different Phenotypes in Chinese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11: 1770.
Mycotoxin removers include enzymes and adsorbents that may be used in animal feeds to eliminate the toxic effects of mycotoxins. This study aimed to determine the removability of two different types of mycotoxin removers, adsorbents and enzyme degradation reagents (EDRs), in the simulated gastrointestinal conditions of pigs and poultry. Seven commercial mycotoxin removers, including five EDRs and two adsorbents, were tested in vitro. In this study, the supplemented dosages of mycotoxin removers used in pig and poultry feeds were the commercial recommendation ranging from 0.05% to 0.2%. For pigs, the in vitro gastric and small intestinal simulations were performed by immersing the mycotoxin-tainted feed in artificial gastric juice (AGJ) at pH 2.5 for 5 h or in artificial intestinal juice (AIJ) at pH 6.5 for 2 h to mimick in vivo conditions. For poultry, mycotoxin-tainted feeds were immersed in AGJ for 2 h at pH 4.5 and 0.5 h at pH of 2.5, respectively, to simulate crop/glandular stomach and gizzard conditions; the small intestinal simulation was in AIJ for 2 h at pH 6.5. For the pig, EDRs and adsorbents had deoxynivalenol (DON) removability (1 mg/kg) of 56% to 100% and 15% to 19%, respectively. Under the concentration of 0.5 mg/kg, the zearalenone (ZEN) removability by EDRs and adsorbents was 65% to 100% and 0% to 36%, respectively. For the simulation in poultry, the removability of DON by EDRs and adsorbents (5 mg/kg) was 56% to 79% and 1% to 36%, respectively; for the concentration of 0.5 mg/kg, the removability of ZEN by EDRs and adsorbents was 38% to 69% and 7% to 9%, respectively. These results suggest that EDRs are more effective in reducing DON and ZEN contamination compared to the adsorbent methods in the simulated gastrointestinal tracts of pig and poultry. The recoveries of DON and ZEN of pig in vitro gastrointestinal simulations were higher than 86.4% and 84.7%, respectively, with 88.8% and 85.9%, respectively, in poultry. These results demonstrated the stability and accuracy of our mycotoxin extraction process and in vitro simulation efficiency.
Ko-Hua Tso; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Yang-Kwang Fan; Hsin-I Chiang; Tso; Ju; Fan. Enzyme Degradation Reagents Effectively Remove Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone from Pig and Poultry Artificial Digestive Juices. Toxins 2019, 11, 599 .
AMA StyleKo-Hua Tso, Jyh-Cherng Ju, Yang-Kwang Fan, Hsin-I Chiang, Tso, Ju, Fan. Enzyme Degradation Reagents Effectively Remove Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone from Pig and Poultry Artificial Digestive Juices. Toxins. 2019; 11 (10):599.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKo-Hua Tso; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Yang-Kwang Fan; Hsin-I Chiang; Tso; Ju; Fan. 2019. "Enzyme Degradation Reagents Effectively Remove Mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone from Pig and Poultry Artificial Digestive Juices." Toxins 11, no. 10: 599.
Incidents of food fraud have occurred worldwide, particularly in the form of meat adulteration. In this study, molecular probes were developed using the Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in order to identify three beef subspecies–Holstein, Angus, and Taiwan Yellow Cattle. Four RAPD-PCR 10-nucleotide primers were chosen out of a total of 60 primers. The selection was based on the reproducibility of species-specific amplicons able to detect various origins of cattle breeds. The results demonstrated that primer OPK12 produced three unique amplicons (1100 bp, 1000 bp and 480 bp) in Holstein; primer OPK14 generated one amplicon that only appeared in Holstein and Angus (200 bp); primer OPK19 amplified two species-specific amplicons in Holstein measuring 550 bp and 650 bp, respectively. However, due to the relatively lower repeatability of RAPD-PCR, higher and more specific testing repeats were required to increase the accuracy of the conclusion.
Chin-Cheng Lin; Pin-Chi Tang; Hsin-I Chiang. Development of RAPD-PCR assay for identifying Holstein, Angus, and Taiwan Yellow Cattle for meat adulteration detection. Food Science and Biotechnology 2019, 28, 1769 -1777.
AMA StyleChin-Cheng Lin, Pin-Chi Tang, Hsin-I Chiang. Development of RAPD-PCR assay for identifying Holstein, Angus, and Taiwan Yellow Cattle for meat adulteration detection. Food Science and Biotechnology. 2019; 28 (6):1769-1777.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChin-Cheng Lin; Pin-Chi Tang; Hsin-I Chiang. 2019. "Development of RAPD-PCR assay for identifying Holstein, Angus, and Taiwan Yellow Cattle for meat adulteration detection." Food Science and Biotechnology 28, no. 6: 1769-1777.
A teratogenic agent or teratogen can disturb the development of an embryo or a fetus. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum, is among the most commonly seen mycotoxins and contaminants from stale maize and other farm products. It may cause physical or functional defects in embryos or fetuses, if the pregnant animal is exposed to mycotoxin FB1. Due to its high similarity in chemical structure with lipid sphinganine (Sa) and sphingosine (So), the primary component of sphingolipids, FB1 plays a role in competitively inhibiting Sa and So, which are key enzymes in de novo ceramide synthase in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, it causes growth retardation and developmental abnormalities to the embryos of hamsters, rats, mice, and chickens. Moreover, maternal FB1 toxicity can be passed onto the embryo or fetus, leading to mortality. FB1 also disrupts folate metabolism via the high-affinity folate transporter that can then result in folate insufficiency. The deficiencies are closely linked to incidences of neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice or humans. The purpose of this review is to understand the toxicity and mechanisms of mycotoxin FB1 on the development of embryos or fetuses.
Chompunut Lumsangkul; Hsin-I Chiang; Neng-Wen Lo; Yang-Kwang Fan; Jyh-Cherng Ju. Developmental Toxicity of Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 in Animal Embryogenesis: An Overview. Toxins 2019, 11, 114 .
AMA StyleChompunut Lumsangkul, Hsin-I Chiang, Neng-Wen Lo, Yang-Kwang Fan, Jyh-Cherng Ju. Developmental Toxicity of Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 in Animal Embryogenesis: An Overview. Toxins. 2019; 11 (2):114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChompunut Lumsangkul; Hsin-I Chiang; Neng-Wen Lo; Yang-Kwang Fan; Jyh-Cherng Ju. 2019. "Developmental Toxicity of Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 in Animal Embryogenesis: An Overview." Toxins 11, no. 2: 114.
To achieve a high CR, lactating cows should be bred in winter and spring (from December to May) from the start of the seasonal breeding program, whereas the heifer should be allowed to breed in summer and fall under the subtropical climate in Taiwan.
Wen Bor Liu; Huo Cheng Peh; Chien Kai Wang; Mancoba Christopher Mangwe; Chih Feng Chen; Hsin I Chiang. Effect of seasonal changes on fertility parameters of Holstein dairy cows in subtropical climate of Taiwan. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2018, 31, 820 -826.
AMA StyleWen Bor Liu, Huo Cheng Peh, Chien Kai Wang, Mancoba Christopher Mangwe, Chih Feng Chen, Hsin I Chiang. Effect of seasonal changes on fertility parameters of Holstein dairy cows in subtropical climate of Taiwan. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2018; 31 (6):820-826.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen Bor Liu; Huo Cheng Peh; Chien Kai Wang; Mancoba Christopher Mangwe; Chih Feng Chen; Hsin I Chiang. 2018. "Effect of seasonal changes on fertility parameters of Holstein dairy cows in subtropical climate of Taiwan." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 31, no. 6: 820-826.
Avian embryos are among the most convenient and the primary representatives for the study of classical embryology. It is well-known that the hatching time of duck embryos is approximately one week longer than that of chicken embryos. However, the key features associated with the slower embryonic development in ducks have not been adequately described. This study aimed to characterize the pattern and the speed of early embryogenesis in Brown Tsaiya Ducks (BTD) compared with those in Taiwan Country Chicken (TCC) by using growth parameters including embryonic crown-tail length (ECTL), primitive streak formation, somitogenesis, and other development-related parameters, during the first 72 h of incubation. Three hundred and sixty eggs from BTD and TCC, respectively, were incubated at 37.2°C, and were then dissected hourly to evaluate their developmental stages. We found that morphological changes of TCC embryos shared a major similarity with that of the Hamburger and Hamilton staging system during early chick embryogenesis. The initial primitive streak in TCC emerged between 6 and 7 h post-incubation, but its emergence was delayed until 10 to 13 h post-incubation in BTD. Similarly, the limb primordia (wing and limb buds) were observed at 51 h post-incubation in TCC embryos compared to 64 h post-incubation in BTD embryos. The allantois first appeared around 65 to 68 h in TCC embryos, but it was not observed in BTD embryos. At the 72 h post-incubation, 40 somites were clearly formed in TCC embryos while only 32 somites in BTD embryos. Overall, the BTD embryos developed approximately 16 h slower than the chicken embryo during the first 72 h of development. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to describe two distinct developmental time courses between TCC and BTD, which would facilitate future embryogenesis-related studies of the two important avian species in Taiwan.
Chompunut Lumsangkul; Yang-Kwang Fan; Shen-Chang Chang; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Hsin-I. Chiang. Characterizing early embryonic development of Brown Tsaiya Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in comparison with Taiwan Country Chicken (Gallus gallus domestics). PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0196973 .
AMA StyleChompunut Lumsangkul, Yang-Kwang Fan, Shen-Chang Chang, Jyh-Cherng Ju, Hsin-I. Chiang. Characterizing early embryonic development of Brown Tsaiya Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in comparison with Taiwan Country Chicken (Gallus gallus domestics). PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (5):e0196973.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChompunut Lumsangkul; Yang-Kwang Fan; Shen-Chang Chang; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Hsin-I. Chiang. 2018. "Characterizing early embryonic development of Brown Tsaiya Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in comparison with Taiwan Country Chicken (Gallus gallus domestics)." PLOS ONE 13, no. 5: e0196973.
Direct modification of rumen microbial fermentation could provide universal and cost-effective solutions to reduce methane emissions from ruminant livestock. In this study, the effect of feeding spent mushroom (golden needle mushroom, Flammulina velutipes) substrate (SMS)-based silage supplemented with or without urea on the enteric methane emission and total rumen protozoa populations in Holstein steers was investigated. Spent mushroom substrate and whole crop corn were ensiled for 60 days with or without urea as follows: Silage 1 (SMS 900 g/kg and whole crop corn 100 g/kg); Silage 2 (SMS 900 g/kg, urea 10 g/kg and whole crop corn 90 g/kg); Silage 3 (SMS 800 g/kg and whole crop corn 200 g/kg); Silage 4 (SMS 800 g/kg, urea 10 g/kg and whole crop corn 190 g/kg) on dry matter (DM) basis. Five dietary treatments were prepared as follows: 1) a control diet made-up of 500 g/kg of concentrate and 500 g/kg of bermuda hay (Cynodon dectylon), and 2) four diets formulated by replacing 400 g/kg of the bermuda hay in the control diet with the four SMS-based silages described above. Five Holstein steers (mean BW 542 ± 72 kg) were assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design in which the five dietary treatments were offered across 5 periods, with 14 days of adaptation plus 7 days of samples collection in each period. Holstein steers fed diets containing SMS-based silages had lower total protozoa population (3.37 × 105/mL vs. 6.09 × 105/mL), rumen acetate (55.43 mM/L vs. 57.08 mM/L) and methane emission (211 g/day vs. 252 g/day) (P < 0.05) than Holstein steers fed control diet. When comparing the inclusion levels of SMS-based silages in the diets, cattle fed diets of lower levels of SMS-based silages (800 g/kg of SMS) had higher acetate contents (56.61 mM/L vs. 54.25), protozoa population (3.92 × 105/mL vs. 2.84 × 105/mL) and methane emission (226 g/day vs. 196 g/day) than heifers fed diets of higher levels of SMS-based silage (900 g/kg of SMS). The study demonstrates that feeding Holstein steers with SMS-based silage significantly decreases protozoa populations in the rumen and enteric methane emission. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, the phytochemicals in SMS could be responsible for the reduction in rumen protozoa populations and the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis.
K.T. Rangubhet; M.C. Mangwe; V. Mlambo; Y.K. Fan; H.I. Chiang. Enteric methane emissions and protozoa populations in Holstein steers fed spent mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) substrate silage-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2017, 234, 78 -87.
AMA StyleK.T. Rangubhet, M.C. Mangwe, V. Mlambo, Y.K. Fan, H.I. Chiang. Enteric methane emissions and protozoa populations in Holstein steers fed spent mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) substrate silage-based diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2017; 234 ():78-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK.T. Rangubhet; M.C. Mangwe; V. Mlambo; Y.K. Fan; H.I. Chiang. 2017. "Enteric methane emissions and protozoa populations in Holstein steers fed spent mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) substrate silage-based diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 234, no. : 78-87.
This study investigated the influence of two microbial inoculants; Lactobacillus formosensis and Lactobacillus buchneri on fermentation quality, chemical composition, aerobic stability and in vitro ruminal biological activity of condensed tannins in sweet potato vines silage. Sweet potato vines were ensiled for 28 and 60 days; without inoculant (CON), with Lact. buchneri (LB) or with Lact. formosensis (LF), both inoculants applied to achieve 1 × 106 CFU g−1 fresh forage. Lactobacillus formosensis silage had lower pH and higher lactic acid than all treatments. Yeasts and moulds were not detected in LB silage after ensiling. Lactobacillus buchneri silage was more aerobically stable than all treatments, whereas LF was more stable than CON silage. In vitro ruminal biological activity of condensed tannins was lower in microbial-inoculated silages than CON after ensiling. Lactobacillus formosensis improved fermentability by reducing silage pH and improved aerobic stability by producing more propionate, which inhibited yeast activity. Lactobacillus buchneri improved aerobic stability of the silage by producing more acetate. Both strains effectively reduced the antinutritional effect of condensed tannins after ensiling. Lactobacillus formosensis has the potential to be used as a silage inoculant because of its ability to improve fermentability and aerobic stability in sweet potato vines silage.
Mancoba Mangwe; K.T. Rangubhet; V. Mlambo; B. Yu; H.I. Chiang. Effects of Lactobacillus formosensis S215T and Lactobacillus buchneri on quality and in vitro ruminal biological activity of condensed tannins in sweet potato vines silage. Journal of Applied Microbiology 2016, 121, 1242 -1253.
AMA StyleMancoba Mangwe, K.T. Rangubhet, V. Mlambo, B. Yu, H.I. Chiang. Effects of Lactobacillus formosensis S215T and Lactobacillus buchneri on quality and in vitro ruminal biological activity of condensed tannins in sweet potato vines silage. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2016; 121 (5):1242-1253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMancoba Mangwe; K.T. Rangubhet; V. Mlambo; B. Yu; H.I. Chiang. 2016. "Effects of Lactobacillus formosensis S215T and Lactobacillus buchneri on quality and in vitro ruminal biological activity of condensed tannins in sweet potato vines silage." Journal of Applied Microbiology 121, no. 5: 1242-1253.
Min-Chien Cheng; Hsin-I. Chiang; Jiunn-Wang Liao; Che-Ming Hung; Ming-Yang Tsai; Yu-Hsin Chen; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Mei-Ping Cheng; Ko-Hua Tso; Yang-Kwang Fan. Nonylphenol reduces sperm viability and fertility of mature male breeders in Brown Tsaiya ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ). Animal Reproduction Science 2016, 174, 114 -122.
AMA StyleMin-Chien Cheng, Hsin-I. Chiang, Jiunn-Wang Liao, Che-Ming Hung, Ming-Yang Tsai, Yu-Hsin Chen, Jyh-Cherng Ju, Mei-Ping Cheng, Ko-Hua Tso, Yang-Kwang Fan. Nonylphenol reduces sperm viability and fertility of mature male breeders in Brown Tsaiya ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ). Animal Reproduction Science. 2016; 174 ():114-122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin-Chien Cheng; Hsin-I. Chiang; Jiunn-Wang Liao; Che-Ming Hung; Ming-Yang Tsai; Yu-Hsin Chen; Jyh-Cherng Ju; Mei-Ping Cheng; Ko-Hua Tso; Yang-Kwang Fan. 2016. "Nonylphenol reduces sperm viability and fertility of mature male breeders in Brown Tsaiya ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos )." Animal Reproduction Science 174, no. : 114-122.
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of short light regimes and lower dietary protein content on the reproductive performance of White Roman geese in an environment- controlled house. Thirty-two ganders and 80 geese during the third laying period were allotted into 16 pens, randomly assigned into a split-plot design with two different lighting regimes: (1) short light regimes (SL) with 6.5h of light and 17.5h of dark (6.5L:17.5D), and (2) long light regimes (LL) with 19L:5D during the 6-wk prelaying period, followed by two different levels of protein diets (Low CP: 15% vs. High CP: 18%) for the laying period. The results showed that birds treated with the SL light regime had a heavier body weight compared to those treated with LL at the arrival of the peak period of egg production (6.19 vs. 5.87kg, P<0.05). Geese under LL had a longer laying period than those under SL treatment (277 vs. 175day, P<0.05), while the geese under SL treatment had a higher laying intensity (15.4% vs. 12.6%, P<0.05), fertility and hatchability than those under LL treatment. Our results suggest that the White Roman geese treated with 6-wk short light regime during the prelaying period and on the low CP diet during the laying period found conditions sufficient to sustain their regular reproduction performance, which would benefit geese farmers in the perspectives of energy saving and prolonged laying period.
Shen-Chang Chang; Hsin-I Chiang; Min-Jung Lin; Yu-Shine Jea; Lih-Ren Chen; Yang-Kwang Fan; Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of short light regimes and lower dietary protein content on the reproductive performance of White Roman geese in an environment-controlled house. Animal Reproduction Science 2016, 170, 141 -148.
AMA StyleShen-Chang Chang, Hsin-I Chiang, Min-Jung Lin, Yu-Shine Jea, Lih-Ren Chen, Yang-Kwang Fan, Tzu-Tai Lee. Effects of short light regimes and lower dietary protein content on the reproductive performance of White Roman geese in an environment-controlled house. Animal Reproduction Science. 2016; 170 ():141-148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShen-Chang Chang; Hsin-I Chiang; Min-Jung Lin; Yu-Shine Jea; Lih-Ren Chen; Yang-Kwang Fan; Tzu-Tai Lee. 2016. "Effects of short light regimes and lower dietary protein content on the reproductive performance of White Roman geese in an environment-controlled house." Animal Reproduction Science 170, no. : 141-148.