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Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Toledo Spain

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Original article
Published: 15 July 2021 in Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
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Background Sarcopenia often co-occurs with osteoporosis in cross-sectional studies. However, this association has rarely been studied in prospective studies. This study aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia categories—along with its individual components—and incident osteoporosis in both middle-aged and older men and women from the UK Biobank study. Methods A total of 168,682 participants (48.8% women, aged 37 to 70 years at baseline) were included in this prospective study. Categories of sarcopenia (pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia), and its individual components, were defined according to the EWGSOP2 criteria (2019). Associations with incident osteoporosis by sex were investigated using Cox-proportional hazard models adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related factors, and morbidity count. Associations between categories of sarcopenia and incident osteoporosis were also investigated by age-groups and subtype of osteoporosis (with and without pathological fractures). Results After a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 6296 participants were diagnosed with osteoporosis. When the analyses were adjusted for a range of relevant confounding factors, pre-sarcopenia was associated with 1.3-times higher risk of osteoporosis in men (HR: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.03 to 1.63]) but not in women, and sarcopenia was associated with 1.66-times increased osteoporosis risk in women (HR: 1.66 [95% CI: 1.33 to 2.08]) but not in men compared with people without sarcopenia or pre-sarcopenia. A similar magnitude of associations was found in osteoporosis without pathological fractures but weaker for those with pathological fractures. Within the individual components, low muscle mass (HRwomen: 1.36 [95% CI: 1.22 to 1.51] and HRmen: 3.07 [95% CI: 1.68 to 5.59]), followed by slow gait speed (HRwomen: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.17 to 1.45] and HRmen: 1.70 [95% CI: 1.43 to 2.02]), were associated with a higher risk of incident osteoporosis in both sexes. Low grip strength was associated with a higher risk of incident osteoporosis in men (HR: 1.38 [95% CI: 1.15 to 1.65]), but not in women. No significant interaction between the exposures and incident osteoporosis by age groups were identified. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that pre-sarcopenic men and sarcopenic women had a higher risk of developing osteoporosis even after adjustment for a large range of potential confounders. Considering that sarcopenia could be prevented, health interventions to improve physical capability may delay or prevent the onset of osteoporosis.

ACS Style

Fanny Petermann‐Rocha; Lyn D. Ferguson; Stuart R. Gray; Irene Rodríguez‐Gómez; Naveed Sattar; Stefan Siebert; Frederick K. Ho; Jill P. Pell; Carlos Celis‐Morales. Association of sarcopenia with incident osteoporosis: a prospective study of 168,682 UK biobank participants. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Fanny Petermann‐Rocha, Lyn D. Ferguson, Stuart R. Gray, Irene Rodríguez‐Gómez, Naveed Sattar, Stefan Siebert, Frederick K. Ho, Jill P. Pell, Carlos Celis‐Morales. Association of sarcopenia with incident osteoporosis: a prospective study of 168,682 UK biobank participants. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanny Petermann‐Rocha; Lyn D. Ferguson; Stuart R. Gray; Irene Rodríguez‐Gómez; Naveed Sattar; Stefan Siebert; Frederick K. Ho; Jill P. Pell; Carlos Celis‐Morales. 2021. "Association of sarcopenia with incident osteoporosis: a prospective study of 168,682 UK biobank participants." Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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We used data from 3041 participants in four cohorts of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years in Spain collected through a pre-pandemic face-to-face interview and a telephone interview conducted between weeks 7 to 15 after the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown. On average, the confinement was not associated with a deterioration in lifestyle risk factors (smoking, alcohol intake, diet, or weight), except for a decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, which reversed with the end of confinement. However, chronic pain worsened, and moderate declines in mental health, that did not seem to reverse after restrictions were lifted, were observed. Males, older adults with greater social isolation or greater feelings of loneliness, those with poorer housing conditions, as well as those with a higher prevalence of chronic morbidities were at increased risk of developing unhealthier lifestyles or mental health declines with confinement. On the other hand, previously having a greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and doing more physical activity protected older adults from developing unhealthier lifestyles with confinement. If another lockdown were imposed during this or future pandemics, public health programs should specially address the needs of older individuals with male sex, greater social isolation, sub-optimal housing conditions, and chronic morbidities because of their greater vulnerability to the enacted movement restrictions.

ACS Style

Esther García-Esquinas; Rosario Ortolá; Iago Gine-Vázquez; José Carnicero; Asier Mañas; Elvira Lara; Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos; German Vicente-Rodriguez; Mercedes Sotos-Prieto; Beatriz Olaya; Francisco Garcia-Garcia; Narcis Gusi; Jose Banegas; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ellen Struijk; David Martínez-Gómez; Alberto Lana; Josep Haro; José Ayuso-Mateos; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Ignacio Ara; Marta Miret; Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo. Changes in Health Behaviors, Mental and Physical Health among Older Adults under Severe Lockdown Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7067 .

AMA Style

Esther García-Esquinas, Rosario Ortolá, Iago Gine-Vázquez, José Carnicero, Asier Mañas, Elvira Lara, Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos, German Vicente-Rodriguez, Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, Beatriz Olaya, Francisco Garcia-Garcia, Narcis Gusi, Jose Banegas, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Ellen Struijk, David Martínez-Gómez, Alberto Lana, Josep Haro, José Ayuso-Mateos, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Ignacio Ara, Marta Miret, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo. Changes in Health Behaviors, Mental and Physical Health among Older Adults under Severe Lockdown Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (13):7067.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Esther García-Esquinas; Rosario Ortolá; Iago Gine-Vázquez; José Carnicero; Asier Mañas; Elvira Lara; Alejandro Alvarez-Bustos; German Vicente-Rodriguez; Mercedes Sotos-Prieto; Beatriz Olaya; Francisco Garcia-Garcia; Narcis Gusi; Jose Banegas; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ellen Struijk; David Martínez-Gómez; Alberto Lana; Josep Haro; José Ayuso-Mateos; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Ignacio Ara; Marta Miret; Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo. 2021. "Changes in Health Behaviors, Mental and Physical Health among Older Adults under Severe Lockdown Restrictions during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 7067.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2021 in Nutrients
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Frailty is a reversible condition, which is strongly related to physical function and nutritional status. Different scales are used to screened older adults and their risk of being frail, however, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) may be more adequate than others to measure physical function in exercise interventions and has been less studied. Thus, the main aims of our study were: (1) to describe differences in nutritional intakes by SPPB groups (robust, pre-frail and frail); (2) to study the relationship between being at risk of malnourishment and frailty; and (3) to describe differences in nutrient intake between those at risk of malnourishment and those without risk in the no-frail individuals. One hundred one participants (80.4 ± 6.0 year old) were included in this cross-sectional study. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine food intake and Mini Nutritional Assessment to determine malnutrition. Results revealed differences for the intake of carbohydrates, n-3 fatty acids (n3), and saturated fatty acids for frail, pre-frail, and robust individuals and differences in vitamin D intake between frail and robust (all p < 0.05). Those at risk of malnutrition were approximately 8 times more likely to be frail than those with no risk. Significant differences in nutrient intake were found between those at risk of malnourishment and those without risk, specifically in: protein, PUFA n-3, retinol, ascorbic acid, niacin equivalents, folic acid, magnesium, and potassium, respectively. Moreover, differences in alcohol were also observed showing higher intake for those at risk of malnourishment (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, nutrients related to muscle metabolism showed to have different intakes across SPPB physical function groups. The intake of these specific nutrients related with risk of malnourishment need to be promoted in order to prevent frailty.

ACS Style

Ana Moradell; Ángel Fernández-García; David Navarrete-Villanueva; Lucía Sagarra-Romero; Eva Gesteiro; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Jose Casajús; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez; Alba Gómez-Cabello. Functional Frailty, Dietary Intake, and Risk of Malnutrition. Are Nutrients Involved in Muscle Synthesis the Key for Frailty Prevention? Nutrients 2021, 13, 1231 .

AMA Style

Ana Moradell, Ángel Fernández-García, David Navarrete-Villanueva, Lucía Sagarra-Romero, Eva Gesteiro, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Ignacio Ara, Jose Casajús, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez, Alba Gómez-Cabello. Functional Frailty, Dietary Intake, and Risk of Malnutrition. Are Nutrients Involved in Muscle Synthesis the Key for Frailty Prevention? Nutrients. 2021; 13 (4):1231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Moradell; Ángel Fernández-García; David Navarrete-Villanueva; Lucía Sagarra-Romero; Eva Gesteiro; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Jose Casajús; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez; Alba Gómez-Cabello. 2021. "Functional Frailty, Dietary Intake, and Risk of Malnutrition. Are Nutrients Involved in Muscle Synthesis the Key for Frailty Prevention?" Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1231.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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With aging, bone density is reduced, increasing the risk of suffering osteoporosis and fractures. Increasing physical activity (PA) may have preventive effects. However, until now, no studies have considered movement behaviors with compositional data or its association to bone mass and structure measured by peripheral computed tomography (pQCT). Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate these associations and to describe movement behavior distribution in older adults with previous falls and fractures and other related risk parameters, taking into account many nutritional and metabolic confounders. In the current study, 70 participants above 65 years old (51 females) from the city of Zaragoza were evaluated for the EXERNET-Elder 3.0 project. Bone mass and structure were assessed with pQCT, and PA patterns were objectively measured by accelerometry. Prevalence of fear of falling, risk of falling, and history of falls and fractures were asked through the questionnaire. Analyses were performed using a compositional data approach. Whole-movement distribution patterns were associated with cortical thickness. In regard to other movement behaviors, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) showed positive association with cortical thickness and total true bone mineral density (BMD) at 38% (all p < 0.05). In addition, less light PA (LPA) and MVPA were observed in those participants with previous fractures and fear of falling, whereas those at risk of falling and those with previous falls showed higher levels of PA. Our results showed positive associations between higher levels of MVPA and volumetric bone. The different movement patterns observed in the groups with a history of having suffered falls or fractures and other risk outcomes suggest that different exercise interventions should be designed in these populations in order to improve bone and prevent the risk of osteoporosis and subsequent fractures.

ACS Style

Ana Moradell; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ángel Fernández-García; David Navarrete-Villanueva; Jorge Marín-Puyalto; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; José Villa-Vicente; Marcela González-Gross; Ignacio Ara; José Casajús; Alba Gómez-Cabello; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez. Associations between Daily Movement Distribution, Bone Structure, Falls, and Fractures in Older Adults: A Compositional Data Analysis Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3757 .

AMA Style

Ana Moradell, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Ángel Fernández-García, David Navarrete-Villanueva, Jorge Marín-Puyalto, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, José Villa-Vicente, Marcela González-Gross, Ignacio Ara, José Casajús, Alba Gómez-Cabello, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez. Associations between Daily Movement Distribution, Bone Structure, Falls, and Fractures in Older Adults: A Compositional Data Analysis Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Moradell; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ángel Fernández-García; David Navarrete-Villanueva; Jorge Marín-Puyalto; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; José Villa-Vicente; Marcela González-Gross; Ignacio Ara; José Casajús; Alba Gómez-Cabello; Germán Vicente-Rodríguez. 2021. "Associations between Daily Movement Distribution, Bone Structure, Falls, and Fractures in Older Adults: A Compositional Data Analysis Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3757.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The objectives were to clarify whether the relationship between physical performance and frailty was independently and jointly mediated by movement behaviors and body composition. We analyzed 871 older adults (476 women) from The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index (FI) were determined using bone densitometry. Sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using accelerometry. The Frailty Trait Scale and The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were used to evaluate frailty and physical performance, respectively. Simple and multiple mediation analyses were carried out to determine the role of movement behaviors and body composition, adjusted for potential confounders. ST and MVPA acted independently as mediators in the relationship between SPPB and frailty (0.06% for ST and 16.89% for MVPA). FI also acted as an independent mediator in the same relationship (36.47%), while the mediation role of SMI was not significant. MVPA and FI both acted jointly as mediators in this previous relationship explaining 58.15% of the model. Our data support the fact that interventions should simultaneously encourage the promotion of MVPA and strategies to decrease the FI in order to prevent or treat frailty through physical performance improvement.

ACS Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Luis M. Alegre; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 203 .

AMA Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Asier Mañas, José Losa-Reyna, Luis M. Alegre, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Luis M. Alegre; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Relationship between Physical Performance and Frailty Syndrome in Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Body Composition." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 203.

Case report
Published: 18 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: We studied the effects of a supervised, structured exercise program in a severe sarcoidosis patient. Methods: After being clinically stable for two years, a 52-year-old woman (stage IV, American Thoracic Society) who originally had irreversible lung fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), mild mitral insufficiency, and atrial dilatation, and was candidate for lung transplant, performed a combined high-intensity interval, high load resistance, and inspiratory muscle training for 4.5 years, and was tested (cardiopulmonary exercise testing and dual X-ray absorptiometry) every six months. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and maximal pulmonary ventilation increased by 44% and 60%, respectively. Ventilatory efficiency also improved (decrease in the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen by 32% and 14% at the ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point, respectively). She improved New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (from III to II), and cardiac alterations as well as PAH reversed so that she was not in need of lung transplantation anymore. Likewise, she suffered no more episodes of hemoptysis. Bone health was overall maintained despite the post-menopausal status and the corticoid treatment. Conclusions: A long-term combined exercise intervention safely contributed—at least partly—to improve CRF and NYHA class in a patient with severe sarcoidosis, suggesting a potential coadjuvant effect to attenuate clinical manifestations.

ACS Style

Alba M. Herrera-Olivares; Juan M. García-Manso; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Alejandro Lucia; Alfredo Santalla. Long-Term Benefits of Tailored Exercise in Severe Sarcoidosis: A Case Report. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 9512 .

AMA Style

Alba M. Herrera-Olivares, Juan M. García-Manso, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Ignacio Ara, Alejandro Lucia, Alfredo Santalla. Long-Term Benefits of Tailored Exercise in Severe Sarcoidosis: A Case Report. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (24):9512.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alba M. Herrera-Olivares; Juan M. García-Manso; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Alejandro Lucia; Alfredo Santalla. 2020. "Long-Term Benefits of Tailored Exercise in Severe Sarcoidosis: A Case Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9512.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 27 June 2020 in The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
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Background Cross-sectional evidence exists on the beneficial effects of breaks in sedentary time (BST) on frailty in older adults. Nonetheless, the longitudinal nature of these associations is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the direction and temporal order of the association between accelerometer-derived BST and frailty over time in older adults. Methods This longitudinal study analyzed a total of 186 older adults aged 67–90 (76.7 ± 3.9 years; 52.7% females) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging over a 4-year period. Number of daily BST was measured by accelerometry. Frailty was assessed with the Frailty Trait Scale. Multiple cross-lagged panel models were used to test the temporal and reciprocal relationship between BST and frailty. Results For those physically inactive (n = 126), our analyses revealed a reciprocal inverse relationship between BST and frailty, such as higher initial BST predicted lower levels of later frailty (standardized regression coefficient [β] = −0.150, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.281, −0.018; p < .05); as well as initial lower frailty levels predicted higher future BST (β = −0.161, 95% CI = −0.310, −0.011; p < .05). Conversely, no significant pathway was found in the active participants (n = 60). Conclusions In physically inactive older adults, the relationship between BST and frailty is bidirectional, while in active individuals no associations were found. This investigation provides preliminary longitudinal evidence that breaking-up sedentary time more often reduces frailty in those older adults who do not meet physical activity recommendations. Targeting frequent BST may bring a feasible approach to decrease the burden of frailty among more at-risk inactive older adults.

ACS Style

Asier Mañas; Borja del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; José Losa-Reyna; Pedro Júdice; Luis Sardinha; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J García-García; Ignacio Ara. Breaking Sedentary Time Predicts Future Frailty in Inactive Older Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 2020, 76, 893 -900.

AMA Style

Asier Mañas, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Irene Rodríguez Gómez, José Losa-Reyna, Pedro Júdice, Luis Sardinha, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Francisco J García-García, Ignacio Ara. Breaking Sedentary Time Predicts Future Frailty in Inactive Older Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2020; 76 (5):893-900.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asier Mañas; Borja del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; José Losa-Reyna; Pedro Júdice; Luis Sardinha; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Breaking Sedentary Time Predicts Future Frailty in Inactive Older Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model." The Journals of Gerontology: Series A 76, no. 5: 893-900.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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McArdle disease (glycogenosis-V) is associated with exercise intolerance, however, how it affects an important marker of cardiometabolic health as it is adiposity remains unknown. We evaluated the association between physical activity (PA) and adiposity in patients with McArdle disease. We assessed 199 adults of both sexes (51 McArdle patients (36 ± 11 years) and 148 healthy controls (35 ± 10 years)). Body fat (BF) was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method and each patient’s PA was assessed with the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ). Although body mass index values did not differ between patients and controls, McArdle patients had significantly higher values of BF in all body regions (p < 0.05) and higher risk of suffering obesity (odds ratio (OR): 2.54, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.32–4.88). Male patients had higher BF and obesity risk (OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 1.46−9.34) than their sex-matched controls, but no differences were found within the female sex (p < 0.05). In turn, active female patients had lower trunk BF than their inactive peers (p < 0.05). Males with McArdle seem to have adiposity problems and a higher risk of developing obesity than people without the condition, while female patients show similar or even better levels in the trunk region with an active lifestyle. Therefore, special attention should be given to decrease adiposity and reduce obesity risk in males with McArdle disease.

ACS Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Alfredo Santalla; Jorge Diez-Bermejo; Diego Munguía-Izquierdo; Luis M. Alegre; Gisela Nogales-Gadea; Joaquín Arenas; Miguel A. Martín; Alejandro Lucia; Ignacio Ara. Sex Differences and the Influence of an Active Lifestyle on Adiposity in Patients with McArdle Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Alfredo Santalla, Jorge Diez-Bermejo, Diego Munguía-Izquierdo, Luis M. Alegre, Gisela Nogales-Gadea, Joaquín Arenas, Miguel A. Martín, Alejandro Lucia, Ignacio Ara. Sex Differences and the Influence of an Active Lifestyle on Adiposity in Patients with McArdle Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Alfredo Santalla; Jorge Diez-Bermejo; Diego Munguía-Izquierdo; Luis M. Alegre; Gisela Nogales-Gadea; Joaquín Arenas; Miguel A. Martín; Alejandro Lucia; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Sex Differences and the Influence of an Active Lifestyle on Adiposity in Patients with McArdle Disease." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
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There has been limited longitudinal assessment of the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with frailty, and no studies have explored the possibility of reverse causality. This study aimed to determine the potential bidirectionality of the relationship between accelerometer-assessed MVPA, SB, and frailty over time in older adults. Participants were from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. We analysed 186 older people aged 67 to 90 (76.7 ± 3.9; 52.7% female participants) over a 4-year period. Time spent in SB and MVPA was assessed by accelerometry. Frailty Trait Scale was used to determine frailty levels. A cross-lagged panel model design was used to test the reciprocal relationships between MVPA/SB and frailty. Frailty Trait Scale score changed from 35.4 to 43.8 points between the two times (P < 0.05). We also found a reduction of 7 min/day in the time spent on MVPA (P < 0.05), and participants tended to spend more time on SB (P = 0.076). Our analyses revealed that lower levels of initial MVPA predicted higher levels of later frailty [std. β = -0.126; confidence interval (CI) = -0.231, -0.021; P < 0.05], whereas initial spent time on SB did not predict later frailty (std. β = -0.049; CI = -0.185, 0.087; P = 0.48). Conversely, an initial increased frailty status predicted higher levels of later SB (std. β = 0.167; CI = 0.026, 0.307; P < 0.05) but not those of MVPA (std. β = 0.071; CI = -0.033, 0.175; P = 0.18). Our observations suggest that the relationship between MVPA/SB and frailty is unidirectional: individuals who spent less time on MVPA at baseline are more likely to increase their frailty score, and individuals who are more frail are more likely to spent more time on SB at follow-up. Interventions and policies should aim to increase MVPA levels from earlier stages to promote successful aging.

ACS Style

Asier Mañas; Borja Pozo‐Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas; Francisco J. García‐García; Ignacio Ara. Which one came first: movement behavior or frailty? A cross‐lagged panel model in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2020, 11, 415 -423.

AMA Style

Asier Mañas, Borja Pozo‐Cruz, Irene Rodríguez Gómez, Jose Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas, Francisco J. García‐García, Ignacio Ara. Which one came first: movement behavior or frailty? A cross‐lagged panel model in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. 2020; 11 (2):415-423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asier Mañas; Borja Pozo‐Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas; Francisco J. García‐García; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Which one came first: movement behavior or frailty? A cross‐lagged panel model in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging." Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 11, no. 2: 415-423.

Original article
Published: 20 February 2020 in Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
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Frailty is associated with poor bone health and osteoporosis, and physical activity (PA) is one of the best treatments for both pathologies in older adults. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, how the time is distributed during the waking hours is critical. The waking hours are spent according to different movement behaviors: sedentary behaviors (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The aim of this study was to use compositional data analyses to examine the effects of the change in movement behaviors on bone health during aging in older people, related to the changes in their frailty levels. We analyzed 227 older people aged 65 to 94 [125 women and 102 men] over a 4‐year period. Movement behaviors were assessed using accelerometry. Both bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were determined using bone densitometry. The Frailty Trait Scale was used to divide the sample by frailty level evolution during aging. The statistical system‐R was used for the compositional data analysis and, in addition, all models were adjusted for several covariates. The changes in the distribution of all movement behaviors within a waking hours period were significantly associated with spine and femoral neck BMD changes in the subgroup with a positive change in frailty level and spine BMC in the subgroup with no change in frailty level (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, MVPA relative to the change in other movement behaviors was also associated in both subgroups with higher BMD and BMC, respectively, in the same body areas (p ≤ 0.05). No significant associations were found in the negative change in frailty level subgroup. Older people who achieved a positive change in frailty level during a 4‐year period showed higher BMD changes compared to those with no changes or increases in their frailty level. Therefore, increasing MVPA relative to the change in the other movement behaviors during a 4 year‐period could perhaps produce bone health improvements in elderly that do not worsen their frailty level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa‐Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas PhD; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García‐García PhD; Ignacio Ara. Prospective Changes in the Distribution of Movement Behaviors Are Associated With Bone Health in the Elderly According to Variations in their Frailty Levels. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2020, 35, 1236 -1245.

AMA Style

Irene Rodríguez Gómez, Asier Mañas, José Losa‐Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas PhD, Sebastien F.M. Chastin, Luis M. Alegre, Francisco J. García‐García PhD, Ignacio Ara. Prospective Changes in the Distribution of Movement Behaviors Are Associated With Bone Health in the Elderly According to Variations in their Frailty Levels. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2020; 35 (7):1236-1245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa‐Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez‐Mañas PhD; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García‐García PhD; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Prospective Changes in the Distribution of Movement Behaviors Are Associated With Bone Health in the Elderly According to Variations in their Frailty Levels." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 35, no. 7: 1236-1245.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2020 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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Introduction and Purpose To examine the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle power output (MPO) on bone mass of prepubertal and pubertal children using lean mass (LM) and percentage of fat mass (%FM) as mediator variables. The hypothesis was that both LM and %FM would be independent mediators of the relationships during the sexual maturation period. Methods We analyzed 200 children (88 boys and 112 girls [11.5 ± 2.0 yr]). Body composition was analyzed by bone densitometry, and indirect calorimetry and cycle ergometer were used to calculate V˙O2peak (mL·kg−1·min−1) and MPO (W) during an incremental exercise test. Sample was divided by pubertal status. Results In the prepubertal group, LM and %FM acted independently as mediators in the relationship between bone mass and CRF or MPO (22%–25% for LM and 37%–50% for %FM, respectively). In pubertal children, LM acted as mediator at 37%. Conclusions Although the independent mediator role of LM and %FM in the associations between CRF or MPO and bone mass was present during the prepubertal stage, only LM remain its mediator role in these associations during the postpubertal period. Therefore, with growth and sexual maturation, the full effect of LM seems to increase, whereas the influence of %FM seems to disappear.

ACS Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; María Martín-García; Beatriz García-Cuartero; Amparo González-Vergaz; Atilano Carcavilla; Ángel Aragonés; Luis M. Alegre; Ignacio Ara. Body Composition as a Mediator between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Bone Mass during Growth. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2020, 52, 498 -506.

AMA Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, María Martín-García, Beatriz García-Cuartero, Amparo González-Vergaz, Atilano Carcavilla, Ángel Aragonés, Luis M. Alegre, Ignacio Ara. Body Composition as a Mediator between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Bone Mass during Growth. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2020; 52 (2):498-506.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; María Martín-García; Beatriz García-Cuartero; Amparo González-Vergaz; Atilano Carcavilla; Ángel Aragonés; Luis M. Alegre; Ignacio Ara. 2020. "Body Composition as a Mediator between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Bone Mass during Growth." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 2: 498-506.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2019 in BMC Geriatrics
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Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been suggested to independently affect a number of health outcomes. To what extent different combinations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour may influence physical function and frailty outcomes in older adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the combination of mutually exclusive categories of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time on physical function and frailty in older adults. Methods 771 older adults (54% women; 76.8 ± 4.9 years) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry. Physically active was defined as meeting current aerobic guidelines for older adults proposed by the World Health Organization. Low sedentary was defined as residing in the lowest quartile of the light physical activity-to-sedentary time ratio. Participants were then classified into one of four mutually exclusive movement patterns: (1) ‘physically active & low sedentary’, (2) ‘physically active & high sedentary’, (3) ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’, and (4) ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’. The Short Physical Performance Battery was used to measure physical function and frailty was assessed using the Frailty Trait Scale. Results ‘Physically active & low sedentary’ and ‘physically active & high sedentary’ individuals had significantly higher levels of physical function (β = 1.73 and β = 1.30 respectively; all p < 0.001) and lower frailty (β = − 13.96 and β = − 8.71 respectively; all p < 0.001) compared to ‘physically inactive & high sedentary’ participants. Likewise, ‘physically inactive & low sedentary’ group had significantly lower frailty (β = − 2.50; p = 0.05), but significance was not reached for physical function. Conclusions We found a dose-response association of the different movement patterns analysed in this study with physical function and frailty. Meeting the physical activity guidelines was associated with the most beneficial physical function and frailty profiles in our sample. Among inactive people, more light intensity relative to sedentary time was associated with better frailty status. These results point out to the possibility of stepwise interventions (i.e. targeting less strenuous activities) to promote successful aging, particularly in inactive older adults.

ACS Style

Asier Mañas; Borja Del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Javier Leal Martín; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers. BMC Geriatrics 2019, 19, 270 -9.

AMA Style

Asier Mañas, Borja Del Pozo-Cruz, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Javier Leal Martín, Jose Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers. BMC Geriatrics. 2019; 19 (1):270-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asier Mañas; Borja Del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Javier Leal Martín; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2019. "Dose-response association between physical activity and sedentary time categories on ageing biomarkers." BMC Geriatrics 19, no. 1: 270-9.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2019 in Nutrients
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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between bone mass (BM) and physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) according to frailty status and sex using compositional data analysis. We analyzed 871 older people with an adequate nutritional status. Fried criteria were used to classify by frailty status. Time spent in SB, light intensity PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was assessed from accelerometry for 7 days. BM was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The combined effect of PA and SB was significantly associated with BM in robust men and women (p ≤ 0.05). In relation to the other behaviors, SB was negatively associated with BM in robust men while BM was positively associated with SB and negatively with LPA and MVPA in robust women. Moreover, LPA also was positively associated with arm BM (p ≤ 0.01). Finally, in pre-frail women, BM was positively associated with MVPA. In our sample, to decrease SB could be a good strategy to improve BM in robust men. In contrast, in pre-frail women, MVPA may be an important factor to consider regarding bone health.

ACS Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status. Nutrients 2019, 11, 582 .

AMA Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Asier Mañas, Jose Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Sebastien F.M. Chastin, Luis M. Alegre, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (3):582.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2019. "The Impact of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health in Elderly with Adequate Nutritional Status: Compositional Data Analysis Depending on the Frailty Status." Nutrients 11, no. 3: 582.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2019 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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Introduction and Purpose Physical activity (PA) is considered the best nonpharmacological treatment for the decrease in bone mass (BM) produced during aging. Therefore, it is essential to assess how the time spent in PA is distributed to control further changes. This work examines the relationship between movement behaviors and BM during aging, using compositional data analysis. Methods We studied 227 older people 65 to 94 yr old (102 men and 125 women), divided by sex and bone status, over a period of 4 yr. Time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light PA (LPA), and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), was assessed using accelerometry. BM was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results The changes in MVPA were positively associated with the rate of BM decay at spine and leg in the whole sample and men’s subgroup (P ≤ 0.05). In women, the rate of BM decay at spine and Ward’s triangle were negatively associated with SB changes, and BM decay at femoral neck and Ward’s triangle were positively associated with LPA (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Increasing MVPA related to other movement behaviors produces improvements in the rate of bone change in older men, whereas to increase LPA and maintain MVPA would be the best approach to enhance BM in older women.

ACS Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Compositional Influence of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health during Aging. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2019, 51, 1736 -1744.

AMA Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Asier Mañas, José Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Sebastien F. M. Chastin, Luis M. Alegre, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Compositional Influence of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health during Aging. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2019; 51 (8):1736-1744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2019. "Compositional Influence of Movement Behaviors on Bone Health during Aging." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, no. 8: 1736-1744.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2019 in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
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To determine whether or not and to what extent the association between sedentary time and frailty was moderated by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in older adults. Cross-sectional. Community-dwelling individuals. 749 (403 females and 346 males) white older adults. Sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were measured with accelerometers. Frailty was objectively measured using the Frailty Trait Scale. All models were adjusted for age, sex, education, income, marital status, body mass index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and accelerometer wear time. The regression model reported a significant effect of sedentary time on frailty (P < .05). Nevertheless, the results indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity moderates the relationship between frailty status and sedentary time. The Johnson-Neyman technique determined that the estimated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity point was 27.25 minutes/d, from which sedentary time has no significant effect on frailty. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is a moderator in the relationship between sedentary time and frailty in older adults, offsetting the harmful effects of sedentary behavior with 27 minutes/d of moderate-to-vigorous activity. Engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities should be encouraged. Reducing sedentary behavior may also be beneficial, particularly among inactive older adults.

ACS Style

Asier Mañas; Borja del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; José Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Can Physical Activity Offset the Detrimental Consequences of Sedentary Time on Frailty? A Moderation Analysis in 749 Older Adults Measured With Accelerometers. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2019, 20, 634 -638.e1.

AMA Style

Asier Mañas, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Irene Rodríguez Gómez, José Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Can Physical Activity Offset the Detrimental Consequences of Sedentary Time on Frailty? A Moderation Analysis in 749 Older Adults Measured With Accelerometers. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2019; 20 (5):634-638.e1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asier Mañas; Borja del Pozo-Cruz; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; José Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2019. "Can Physical Activity Offset the Detrimental Consequences of Sedentary Time on Frailty? A Moderation Analysis in 749 Older Adults Measured With Accelerometers." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 20, no. 5: 634-638.e1.

Research article
Published: 22 October 2018 in PLOS ONE
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Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in bone mass (BM), and being physical active is one of the main strategies to combat this continuous loss. Nonetheless, because daily time is limited, time spent on each movement behavior is co-dependent. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between BM and movement behaviors in elderly people using compositional data analysis. We analyzed 871 older people [395 men (76.9±5.3y) and 476 women (76.7±4.7y)]. Time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), was assessed using accelerometry. BM was determined by bone densitometry (DXA). The sample was divided according to sex and bone health indicators. The combined effect of all movement behaviors (PA and SB) was significantly associated with whole body, leg and femoral region BM in the whole sample (p≤0.05), with leg and pelvic BM (p<0.05) in men and, with whole body, arm and leg BM (p<0.05) in women. In men, arm and pelvic BM were negatively associated with SB and whole body, pelvic and leg BM were positively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). In women, whole body and leg BM were positively associated with SB. Arm and whole body BM were positively associated and leg BM was negatively associated with LPA and arm BM was negatively associated with MVPA (p≤0.05). Women without bone fractures spent less time in SB and more in LPA and MVPA than the subgroup with bone fractures. We identified that the positive effect of MVPA relative to the other behaviors on bone mass is the strongest overall effect in men. Furthermore, women might decrease bone fracture risk through PA increase and SB reduction, despite the fact that no clear benefits of PA for bone mass were found.

ACS Style

Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. Associations between sedentary time, physical activity and bone health among older people using compositional data analysis. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0206013 .

AMA Style

Irene Rodríguez Gómez, Asier Mañas, Jose Losa-Reyna, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Sebastien F. M. Chastin, Luis M. Alegre, Francisco J. García-García, Ignacio Ara. Associations between sedentary time, physical activity and bone health among older people using compositional data analysis. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (10):e0206013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Asier Mañas; Jose Losa-Reyna; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Luis M. Alegre; Francisco J. García-García; Ignacio Ara. 2018. "Associations between sedentary time, physical activity and bone health among older people using compositional data analysis." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10: e0206013.

Journal article
Published: 13 October 2018 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) derives in loss of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). However, physical activity is an important determinant in bone mass acquisition, which is partially mediated through the lean mass (LM). The aim was to examine the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on BMD and BMC arms of adult males with SCI and able-bodied controls using the arm LM as a mediator variable. Thirty able-bodied men and thirty men with SCI participated. BMC and BMD were analysed by DXA, and indirect calorimetry was used to calculate VO during a progressive arm-cranking test. When groups were divided by the amount of LM, the subgroup with highest LM had significantly higher arm BMC compared to the lowest LM subgroup (p ≤ 0.05) in both SCI and able-bodied groups. Moreover, same differences were found when confidence intervals were analysed. Only in the SCI group, arm LM mediated the relationship between bone mass and CRF at 30.9%, as indicated by the Sobel test (z = 2.17 and z = 2.04 for BMC and BMD, respectively). In conclusion, LM mediates the indirect association between CRF and bone health, specifically in the arms. This finding highlights the importance of having an adequate CRF for the maintenance of good bone health in SCI men.

ACS Style

Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Soraya Martín-Manjarrés; María Martín-García; Sara Vila-Maldonado; Ángel Gil-Agudo; Luis M. Alegre; Ignacio Ara. Cardiorespiratory fitness and arm bone mineral health in young males with spinal cord injury: the mediator role of lean mass. Journal of Sports Sciences 2018, 37, 717 -725.

AMA Style

Irene Rodríguez Gómez, Soraya Martín-Manjarrés, María Martín-García, Sara Vila-Maldonado, Ángel Gil-Agudo, Luis M. Alegre, Ignacio Ara. Cardiorespiratory fitness and arm bone mineral health in young males with spinal cord injury: the mediator role of lean mass. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2018; 37 (7):717-725.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Soraya Martín-Manjarrés; María Martín-García; Sara Vila-Maldonado; Ángel Gil-Agudo; Luis M. Alegre; Ignacio Ara. 2018. "Cardiorespiratory fitness and arm bone mineral health in young males with spinal cord injury: the mediator role of lean mass." Journal of Sports Sciences 37, no. 7: 717-725.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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Purpose We determined the effects of an innovative 8-wk exercise intervention (aerobic, resistance, and inspiratory muscle training) for patients with mitochondrial disease. Methods Several end points were assessed in 12 patients (19–59 yr, 4 women) at pretraining, posttraining, and after 4-wk detraining: aerobic power, muscle strength/power and maximal inspiratory pressure (main end points), ability to perform activities of daily living, body composition, quality of life, and blood myokines (secondary end points). Results The program was safe, with patients’ adherence being 94% ± 5%. A significant time effect was found for virtually all main end points (P ≤ 0.004), indicating a training improvement. Similar findings (P ≤ 0.003) were found for activities of daily living tests, total/trunk/leg lean mass, total fat mass, femoral fracture risk, and general health perception. No differences were found for blood myokines, except for an acute exertional increase in interleukin 8 at posttraining/detraining (P = 0.002) and in fatty acid binding protein 3 at detraining (P = 0.002). Conclusions An intervention including novel exercises for mitochondrial disease patients (e.g., inspiratory muscle training) produced benefits in numerous indicators of physical capacity and induced a previously unreported shift toward a healthier body composition phenotype.

ACS Style

Carmen Fiuza-Luces; Jorge Díez-Bermejo; Miguel Fernández-De LA Torre; Gabriel Rodríguez-Romo; Paz Sanz-Ayán; Aitor Delmiro; Diego Munguía-Izquierdo; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Cristina Domínguez-González; Joaquín Arenas; Miguel A. Martín; Alejandro Lucia; María Morán. Health Benefits of an Innovative Exercise Program for Mitochondrial Disorders. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2018, 50, 1142 -1151.

AMA Style

Carmen Fiuza-Luces, Jorge Díez-Bermejo, Miguel Fernández-De LA Torre, Gabriel Rodríguez-Romo, Paz Sanz-Ayán, Aitor Delmiro, Diego Munguía-Izquierdo, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Ignacio Ara, Cristina Domínguez-González, Joaquín Arenas, Miguel A. Martín, Alejandro Lucia, María Morán. Health Benefits of an Innovative Exercise Program for Mitochondrial Disorders. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2018; 50 (6):1142-1151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmen Fiuza-Luces; Jorge Díez-Bermejo; Miguel Fernández-De LA Torre; Gabriel Rodríguez-Romo; Paz Sanz-Ayán; Aitor Delmiro; Diego Munguía-Izquierdo; Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Ignacio Ara; Cristina Domínguez-González; Joaquín Arenas; Miguel A. Martín; Alejandro Lucia; María Morán. 2018. "Health Benefits of an Innovative Exercise Program for Mitochondrial Disorders." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 6: 1142-1151.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2018 in Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease
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Introduction McArdle disease is an inborn disorder of muscle glycogen metabolism that produces exercise intolerance, and has been recently associated with low values ​​of lean mass (LM) and bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in affected adults. Here we aimed to study whether this bone health problem begins in childhood. Methods Forty children and adolescents were evaluated: 10 McArdle disease and 30 control children (mean age of both groups, 13 ± 2y). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined in the patients as an estimate of muscle damage. Results Legs bone mass was significantly lower in patients than in controls (−36% for BMC and −22% for BMD). Moreover, patients had significantly higher LM values in the legs than controls, whereas no difference was found for fat mass. CK levels were positively associated with LM in McArdle patients. A correlation was found between LM and BMD variables in the control group but not in McArdle patients. Conclusion We have identified a ‘non-osteogenic muscle hypertrophy’ in children with McArdle disease. This phenomenon warrants special attention since low osteogenesis at an early age predicts a high risk for osteoporosis later in life.

ACS Style

I. Rodríguez-Gómez; A. Santalla; J. Díez-Bermejo; D. Munguía-Izquierdo; L. M. Alegre; G. Nogales-Gadea; J. Arenas; M. A. Martín; A. Lucía; I. Ara. Non-osteogenic muscle hypertrophy in children with McArdle disease. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 2018, 41, 1037 -1042.

AMA Style

I. Rodríguez-Gómez, A. Santalla, J. Díez-Bermejo, D. Munguía-Izquierdo, L. M. Alegre, G. Nogales-Gadea, J. Arenas, M. A. Martín, A. Lucía, I. Ara. Non-osteogenic muscle hypertrophy in children with McArdle disease. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 2018; 41 (6):1037-1042.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Rodríguez-Gómez; A. Santalla; J. Díez-Bermejo; D. Munguía-Izquierdo; L. M. Alegre; G. Nogales-Gadea; J. Arenas; M. A. Martín; A. Lucía; I. Ara. 2018. "Non-osteogenic muscle hypertrophy in children with McArdle disease." Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 41, no. 6: 1037-1042.

Short communication
Published: 20 March 2018 in Experimental Gerontology
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The actual mechanisms leading to a reduced muscle power and functional ability in older adults are poorly understood. We investigated the association between different force-velocity (F-V) profiles and impaired muscle power, physical and cognitive function, frailty, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. Physical function (habitual gait speed, timed up-and-go test, sit-to-stand and stair-climbing ability), cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty were evaluated in 31 older subjects (70–85 years). The F-V relationship and maximal muscle power (Pmax) were assessed in the leg press exercise. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were obtained from DXA scans and accelerometry, respectively. While some subjects showed a force deficit (FDEF), others presented a velocity deficit (VDEF), both leading to an impaired muscle power [Effect size (ES) = 1.30–1.44], and to a likely-very likely moderate harmful effect in their physical and cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty levels (except the VDEF group for cognitive function) [ES = 0.76–1.05]. Leg muscle mass and specific force were similarly associated with force at Pmax, while MVPA but not sedentary time was related to fat index, force at Pmax, and power values (all p < 0.05). A trend was found for the negative association between fat index and relative Pmax (p = 0.075). Older subjects exhibited different mechanisms (force vs. velocity deficits) leading to impaired muscle power. Both deficits were associated with a lower physical function and quality of life, and a higher frailty, whereas only a force deficit was associated with a lower cognitive function. Interventions aimed at reversing age- and/or disuse-related impairments of muscle power might evaluate the specific responsible mechanism and act accordingly.

ACS Style

Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Ignacio Ara; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Jose Losa-Reyna; Francisco Jose Garcia-Garcia; Luis M. Alegre. Force-velocity profiling in older adults: An adequate tool for the management of functional trajectories with aging. Experimental Gerontology 2018, 108, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Julian Alcazar, Carlos Rodriguez Lopez, Ignacio Ara, Ana Alfaro-Acha, Irene Rodríguez Gómez, Roberto Navarro-Cruz, Jose Losa-Reyna, Francisco Jose Garcia-Garcia, Luis M. Alegre. Force-velocity profiling in older adults: An adequate tool for the management of functional trajectories with aging. Experimental Gerontology. 2018; 108 ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julian Alcazar; Carlos Rodriguez Lopez; Ignacio Ara; Ana Alfaro-Acha; Irene Rodríguez Gómez; Roberto Navarro-Cruz; Jose Losa-Reyna; Francisco Jose Garcia-Garcia; Luis M. Alegre. 2018. "Force-velocity profiling in older adults: An adequate tool for the management of functional trajectories with aging." Experimental Gerontology 108, no. : 1-6.