This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
This paper discusses the lightning-induced voltage effect on a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage system with the presence of surge protection devices (SPD). Solar PV functions by utilizing solar energy, in generating electricity, to supply to the customer. To ensure its consistency, battery energy storage is introduced to cater to the energy demand. For the countries located at the Equator, lightning has always become a major issue for the system to operate at maximum efficiency, due to its nature of installation in open space areas where the equipment may suffer serious damage that may stop the operation abruptly. To minimize the possible damages, insulation coordination on the lightning protection system is needed. Hence, three case studies, i.e., lightning current amplitude, lightning strike distance, and cable length are presented in this paper, which the quantified analysis is taking into account, to identify the performance of the system with the single installation of SPD Class II at DC and AC sides. The simulation results have contributed towards a better understanding of the importance of SPDs, and the need to properly coordinate according to the standard, taking into account the quantified information obtained from this work, hence providing the necessity of proper installation of SPD will provide better maintenance and prolong the lifespan of the equipment.
Nor Ahmad; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Ab. Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Nur Zaini; Muhammad Roslan. Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages Effect with SPD Placement for Sustainable Operation in Hybrid Solar PV-Battery Energy Storage System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6889 .
AMA StyleNor Ahmad, Zaipatimah Ali, Mohd Ab. Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Nur Zaini, Muhammad Roslan. Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages Effect with SPD Placement for Sustainable Operation in Hybrid Solar PV-Battery Energy Storage System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6889.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNor Ahmad; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Ab. Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Nur Zaini; Muhammad Roslan. 2021. "Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages Effect with SPD Placement for Sustainable Operation in Hybrid Solar PV-Battery Energy Storage System." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6889.
With increased electrical energy demands projected in the future, the development of a hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)–battery energy storage system is considered a good option. However, since such systems are normally installed outdoors and in open areas, they are vulnerable to lightning strikes and may suffer from malfunctions or significant damage to sensitive components, which may result in a major breakdown and loss of revenue due to equipment replacement costs and inefficient operation. Thus, the objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of lightning-induced overvoltage on a hybrid solar PV–battery energy storage system, considering indirect lightning strikes nearby the system. The presented hybrid solar PV–battery energy storage system and lightning-induced overvoltage are modeled in Electro-Magnetic Transient Program-Restructured Version (EMTP-RV) software. The lightning-induced overvoltage is simulated based on a lightning waveshape of 10/350 µs using the Heidler expression, whilst the Rusck model is used to simulate the lightning-induced overvoltage. Different lightning current amplitudes (3, 19, and 169 kA), lightning strike locations (20, 50, and 100 m), and cable lengths (5, 10, and 20 m) are used to investigate the induced effects on the system and on the impulse withstand voltage of 6kV, as stated in MS IEC 60664-1 for solar PV–battery systems and inverters at the DC side. The results indicate that as the lightning strike distance increases from 20 to 100 m, the percentage of strikes exceeding the impulse withstand voltage reduces from 67% to 54% at 19 kA. At 169 kA, the impulse withstand voltage is exceeded by more than 100%, regardless of the strike distance (from 20 to 100 m). Furthermore, differences in cable length do not have much impact on the lightning-induced overvoltage due to the small voltage drop across the short cable length. This study provides useful information for PV systems owners and will be useful in assigning appropriate lightning protection schemes for PV farms.
Nor Ahmad; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Ab. Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Nur Zaini; Muhammad Roslan. Impacts of Lightning-Induced Overvoltage on a Hybrid Solar PV–Battery Energy Storage System. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3633 .
AMA StyleNor Ahmad, Zaipatimah Ali, Mohd Ab. Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Nur Zaini, Muhammad Roslan. Impacts of Lightning-Induced Overvoltage on a Hybrid Solar PV–Battery Energy Storage System. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (8):3633.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNor Ahmad; Zaipatimah Ali; Mohd Ab. Kadir; Miszaina Osman; Nur Zaini; Muhammad Roslan. 2021. "Impacts of Lightning-Induced Overvoltage on a Hybrid Solar PV–Battery Energy Storage System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3633.