This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Wood is a versatile material that is used for various purposes due to its good properties, such as its aesthetic properties, acoustic properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, etc. Its poor dimensional stability and low natural durability are the main obstacles that limit its use in mechanical applications. Therefore, modification is needed to improve these properties. The hydrothermal modification of wood exposes wood samples to elevated temperatures and pressure levels by using steam, water, or a buffer solution as the treating medium, or by using superheated steam. Abundant studies regarding hydrothermally treated wood were carried out, but the negative effect on the wood’s strength is one of the limitations. This is a method that boosts the dimensional stability and improves the decay resistance of wood with minimal decrements of the strength properties. As an ecofriendly and cost-effective method, the hydrothermal modification of wood is also a promising alternative to conventional chemical techniques for treating wood. Researchers are attracted to the hydrothermal modification process because of its unique qualities in treating wood. There are many scientific articles on the hydrothermal modification of wood, and many aspects of hydrothermal modification are summarized in review papers in this field. This paper reviews the hydrothermally modified mechanical properties of wood and their potential applications. Furthermore, this article reviews the effects of hydrothermal modification on the various properties of wood, such as the dimensional stability, chemical properties, and durability against termites and fungi. The merits and demerits of hydrothermal wood modification, the effectiveness of using different media in hydrothermal modification, and its comparison with other treating techniques are discussed.
Rowson Ali; Ummi Abdullah; Zaidon Ashaari; Norul Hamid; Lee Hua. Hydrothermal Modification of Wood: A Review. Polymers 2021, 13, 2612 .
AMA StyleRowson Ali, Ummi Abdullah, Zaidon Ashaari, Norul Hamid, Lee Hua. Hydrothermal Modification of Wood: A Review. Polymers. 2021; 13 (16):2612.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRowson Ali; Ummi Abdullah; Zaidon Ashaari; Norul Hamid; Lee Hua. 2021. "Hydrothermal Modification of Wood: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 16: 2612.
Eucalyptus hybrid has been planted rigorously in wet tropical regions including Malaysia. Recently, there was a report on the occurrence of stem canker on these trees. However, the extent of the infections by this stem canker is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of stem canker disease, Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, on the physical and mechanical properties of 11-year-old E. urophylla × E.grandis or also known as E. urograndis. The samples were taken from infected and healthy trees that were segregated into different classes based on the severity of the attack, i.e., healthy (class 1), moderately infected (class 2), severely infected (class 3) and very severely infected (class 4). A total of 1440 samples from four infection classes were used in this study. The physical and mechanical properties were determined according to the standard test procedures specified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 13061:2014 (Parts 1 to 4, 13, 14 and 17) and British Standard (BS 373: 1957). From the result, a significant effect by the infection classes was observed on physical and mechanical properties of E. urograndis. All infected wood experienced less shrinkage compared to that of a healthy one, particularly the volumetric (Volsh) and radial shrinkage (Rsh). Wood from class 2 and class 3 was less affected by the infection while the majority of wood from class 4 had significantly lower density and poorer strength. Based on the strength data, wood from infection class 2 can be considered to be used for non-structural applications such as furniture, interior finishing, window frames and doors since reduction in mechanical properties was observed. Wood from class 3 would need further investigation to examine its suitability for structural applications.
Rasdianah Dahali; Paridah Md. Tahir; Adlin Roseley; Lee Hua; Edi Bakar; Zaidon Ashaari; Mohd Abdul Rauf; Nur Zainuddin; Noor Mansoor. Influence of Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis Canker Disease on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Eucalyptus urograndis. Forests 2021, 12, 639 .
AMA StyleRasdianah Dahali, Paridah Md. Tahir, Adlin Roseley, Lee Hua, Edi Bakar, Zaidon Ashaari, Mohd Abdul Rauf, Nur Zainuddin, Noor Mansoor. Influence of Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis Canker Disease on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Eucalyptus urograndis. Forests. 2021; 12 (5):639.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasdianah Dahali; Paridah Md. Tahir; Adlin Roseley; Lee Hua; Edi Bakar; Zaidon Ashaari; Mohd Abdul Rauf; Nur Zainuddin; Noor Mansoor. 2021. "Influence of Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis Canker Disease on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Eucalyptus urograndis." Forests 12, no. 5: 639.
This study investigated the effects of different citric acid content on the physico-mechanical and biological durability of rubberwood particleboard. Particleboards with density of 700 kg/m3 were produced with three different citric acid contents, namely 10, 15 and 20 wt%. Particleboards made from 10 wt% urea formaldehyde (UF) resin were served as control for comparison purposes. FTIR analysis was carried out and the formation of ester linkages between -OH on cellulose and carbonyl groups of citric acid was confirmed. The peak intensity increased along with increasing citric content, which indicated that a higher amount of ester linkages were formed at higher citric acid content. Citric acid-bonded particleboard had inferior physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (internal bonding strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity) compared to that of the UF-bonded particleboard. However, the performance of particleboard was enhanced with increasing citric acid content. Meanwhile, citric acid-bonded particleboard displayed significantly better fungal and termite resistance than UF-bonded particleboard owing to the acidic nature of citric acid. It can be concluded that citric acid is a suitable green binder for particleboard but some improvement is needed during the particleboard production process.
Zhou Huaxu; Lee Seng Hua; Paridah Md Tahir; Zaidon Ashaari; Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al-Edrus; Nor Azowa Ibrahim; Luqman Chuah Abdullah; Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad. Physico-Mechanical and Biological Durability of Citric Acid-Bonded Rubberwood Particleboard. Polymers 2020, 13, 98 .
AMA StyleZhou Huaxu, Lee Seng Hua, Paridah Md Tahir, Zaidon Ashaari, Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al-Edrus, Nor Azowa Ibrahim, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad. Physico-Mechanical and Biological Durability of Citric Acid-Bonded Rubberwood Particleboard. Polymers. 2020; 13 (1):98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou Huaxu; Lee Seng Hua; Paridah Md Tahir; Zaidon Ashaari; Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al-Edrus; Nor Azowa Ibrahim; Luqman Chuah Abdullah; Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad. 2020. "Physico-Mechanical and Biological Durability of Citric Acid-Bonded Rubberwood Particleboard." Polymers 13, no. 1: 98.
This study attempted to produce a low viscosity melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resin. The MUF resins were diluted into concentration of 20% and 30% based on solid content with different melamine contents (20 to 30%), formaldehyde contents (50 to 60%) and urea contents (15 to 25%). Performance of the formulated resins was evaluated by measuring solid content, viscosity, pre-curing time, curing time, curing behaviour and molecular weight. The pH values were set to 9.5 to 9.8 during synthesis. A very low viscosity resin was produced with the viscosity ranges from 6 to 9 cp and the solid content ranged from 21 to 36%. The fastest pre-curing time at 70 °C was observed in formulation 1 for both 20% MUF and 30% while the fastest curing time was obtained from 30% MUF (F2) for 22 min. Analysis of differential scanning calorimetry found that 30% MUF (F2) yield the lowest peak temperature at 95.79 °C and the highest peak was obtained from 30% MUF F4 at 109.47 °C. The gel permeation chromatography shows that 30% MUF (F4) had weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1988 g/mol and number average molecular weight (Mn) of 1769 g/mol.
Rabiatol Adawiah Mohd Ali; Zaidon Ashaari; Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup; Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Seng Hua Lee; Nur Izreen Farah Azmi. Synthesis and evaluation of low viscosity melamine urea formaldehyde for bulking treatment of wood. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 2020, 17, 176 -182.
AMA StyleRabiatol Adawiah Mohd Ali, Zaidon Ashaari, Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup, Edi Suhaimi Bakar, Seng Hua Lee, Nur Izreen Farah Azmi. Synthesis and evaluation of low viscosity melamine urea formaldehyde for bulking treatment of wood. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science. 2020; 17 (2):176-182.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRabiatol Adawiah Mohd Ali; Zaidon Ashaari; Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup; Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Seng Hua Lee; Nur Izreen Farah Azmi. 2020. "Synthesis and evaluation of low viscosity melamine urea formaldehyde for bulking treatment of wood." Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 17, no. 2: 176-182.
In this study, the effect of superheated steam (SHS) treatment on the changes of the chemical composition and biological properties of two tropical hardwoods was investigated. SHS was carried out on light red meranti (Shorea spp.) and kedondong (Canarium spp.) wood with dimensions of 410 × 25 × 25 mm, using superheated steam as the heating medium. Wood samples were heat-treated at nine treatment levels, ranging from 172 to 228 °C and 95 to 265 min, respectively. The chemical constituents and resistance against white rot fungus (Pycnoporus sanguineus) and subterranean termite (Coptotermus curvignathus) of the treated wood were evaluated. A significant reduction in holocellulose content and increment in lignin was observed after SHS treatment. Consequently, the resistance against white rot fungus and termites improved. The biological durability improved with an increasing treatment temperature and time. A regression analysis revealed that the reduced equilibrium moisture content imparted superior biological resistance to the treated wood. Weight loss caused by the thermal degradation also served as a good indicator for fungal decay, as the loss of weight was directly proportional to the improvement in fungal resistance. However, this did not apply to termite resistance, as a very weak relationship was found between the two variables.
Rasdianah Dahali; Seng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Hidayah Ariffin; Pui San Khoo; Paiman Bawon; Qamariah Norhidayah Salleh. Durability of Superheated Steam-Treated Light Red Meranti (Shorea spp.) and Kedondong (Canarium spp.) Wood against White Rot Fungus and Subterranean Termite. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4431 .
AMA StyleRasdianah Dahali, Seng Hua Lee, Zaidon Ashaari, Edi Suhaimi Bakar, Hidayah Ariffin, Pui San Khoo, Paiman Bawon, Qamariah Norhidayah Salleh. Durability of Superheated Steam-Treated Light Red Meranti (Shorea spp.) and Kedondong (Canarium spp.) Wood against White Rot Fungus and Subterranean Termite. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4431.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasdianah Dahali; Seng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Hidayah Ariffin; Pui San Khoo; Paiman Bawon; Qamariah Norhidayah Salleh. 2020. "Durability of Superheated Steam-Treated Light Red Meranti (Shorea spp.) and Kedondong (Canarium spp.) Wood against White Rot Fungus and Subterranean Termite." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4431.
Hind Abdellaoui; Amira Abdelrasoul; H.P.S. Abdul Khalil; Dan Åkesson; P. Amuthakkannan; Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup; G.M. Arifuzzaman Khan; Zaidon Ashaari; M.A. Azmah Hanim; Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad Taib; A.M.R. Azmi; A. Banerjee; C. Barile; Aamir Bhat; Rachid Bouhfid; Dermot Brabazon; C. Casavola; M. Chandrasekar; Lum Wei Chen; Rajneesh Dabral; Sivakumar Dhar Malingam; Andrea Ehrmann; Hamid Essabir; Susanna Fafenrot; M.R. Nurul Fazita; H.M. Fizree; Garip Genc; Mustafa Abu Ghalia; Mohana Krishnan Gobalakrishnan; Juliana Abd Halip; M.S.J. Hashmi; Lee Seng Hua; M. Jawaid; Garvit Joshi; Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli; Michael Korger; Hasan Koruk; Padmanabhan Krishnan; Ashish Lakhera; Ng Lin Feng; Tamil Moli Loganathan; Gopinathan Muthaiyah; J. Naveen; A.F.M. Nor; Wafa Ouarhim; Aravin Prince Periyasamy; Abou El Kacem Qaiss; Rozyanty Rahman; Rathish Rajan; Marya Raji; Sunil Kumar Ramamoorthy; Samsul Rizal; N. Saba; Chaturbhuj K. Saurabh; Asim Shahzad; Mikael Skrifvars; M.T.H. Sultan; M.I. Syakir; Paridah Md Tahir; Deepak Verma; Nazire Deniz Yılmaz; Nadia Zari; Syed Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra. List of contributors. Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleHind Abdellaoui, Amira Abdelrasoul, H.P.S. Abdul Khalil, Dan Åkesson, P. Amuthakkannan, Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup, G.M. Arifuzzaman Khan, Zaidon Ashaari, M.A. Azmah Hanim, Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad Taib, A.M.R. Azmi, A. Banerjee, C. Barile, Aamir Bhat, Rachid Bouhfid, Dermot Brabazon, C. Casavola, M. Chandrasekar, Lum Wei Chen, Rajneesh Dabral, Sivakumar Dhar Malingam, Andrea Ehrmann, Hamid Essabir, Susanna Fafenrot, M.R. Nurul Fazita, H.M. Fizree, Garip Genc, Mustafa Abu Ghalia, Mohana Krishnan Gobalakrishnan, Juliana Abd Halip, M.S.J. Hashmi, Lee Seng Hua, M. Jawaid, Garvit Joshi, Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli, Michael Korger, Hasan Koruk, Padmanabhan Krishnan, Ashish Lakhera, Ng Lin Feng, Tamil Moli Loganathan, Gopinathan Muthaiyah, J. Naveen, A.F.M. Nor, Wafa Ouarhim, Aravin Prince Periyasamy, Abou El Kacem Qaiss, Rozyanty Rahman, Rathish Rajan, Marya Raji, Sunil Kumar Ramamoorthy, Samsul Rizal, N. Saba, Chaturbhuj K. Saurabh, Asim Shahzad, Mikael Skrifvars, M.T.H. Sultan, M.I. Syakir, Paridah Md Tahir, Deepak Verma, Nazire Deniz Yılmaz, Nadia Zari, Syed Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra. List of contributors. Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHind Abdellaoui; Amira Abdelrasoul; H.P.S. Abdul Khalil; Dan Åkesson; P. Amuthakkannan; Mohd Khairun Anwar Uyup; G.M. Arifuzzaman Khan; Zaidon Ashaari; M.A. Azmah Hanim; Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad Taib; A.M.R. Azmi; A. Banerjee; C. Barile; Aamir Bhat; Rachid Bouhfid; Dermot Brabazon; C. Casavola; M. Chandrasekar; Lum Wei Chen; Rajneesh Dabral; Sivakumar Dhar Malingam; Andrea Ehrmann; Hamid Essabir; Susanna Fafenrot; M.R. Nurul Fazita; H.M. Fizree; Garip Genc; Mustafa Abu Ghalia; Mohana Krishnan Gobalakrishnan; Juliana Abd Halip; M.S.J. Hashmi; Lee Seng Hua; M. Jawaid; Garvit Joshi; Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli; Michael Korger; Hasan Koruk; Padmanabhan Krishnan; Ashish Lakhera; Ng Lin Feng; Tamil Moli Loganathan; Gopinathan Muthaiyah; J. Naveen; A.F.M. Nor; Wafa Ouarhim; Aravin Prince Periyasamy; Abou El Kacem Qaiss; Rozyanty Rahman; Rathish Rajan; Marya Raji; Sunil Kumar Ramamoorthy; Samsul Rizal; N. Saba; Chaturbhuj K. Saurabh; Asim Shahzad; Mikael Skrifvars; M.T.H. Sultan; M.I. Syakir; Paridah Md Tahir; Deepak Verma; Nazire Deniz Yılmaz; Nadia Zari; Syed Zhafer Firdaus Syed Putra. 2018. "List of contributors." Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites , no. : 1.
Particleboard is one of the building materials that contribute to the emittance of formaldehyde in enclosed area. In order to reduce the formaldehyde emission from particleboard, amines were added into the urea formaldehyde (UF) resin as formaldehyde scavenger. The amines used were methylamine, ethylamine and propylamine. 0.5, 0.7 and 1% of each type of amine were added into UF resin and the mixtures were used to produce particleboard from rubberwood particles. The properties of the UF resin after addition of amines such as gelation time, viscosity, pH, free formaldehyde content and thermal stability were evaluated. The physical, mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of the produced boards were also assessed. The results revealed that fully cured amine-containing UF resin possesses higher thermal stability compared to control UF resin. Amine-containing UF resin also had longer gelation time due to higher pH value. Nevertheless, both physical and mechanical properties of the resultant particleboard were negatively affected. Particleboard made from amine-containing UF resin had higher thickness swelling and water absorption. In addition, lower bending strength and internal bonding strength were also recorded. Insufficient pressing time for fully cured of resin might be the reason for such phenomenon. Particleboard with F*** emission level (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5 mg/L) as specified in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) or European's E0 class equivalent were achieved when ethylamine and propylamine were added, regardless of dosage used. This study showed the feasibility of using amines as formaldehyde scavenger. However, optimisation of processing parameters is needed to enhance the physico-mechanical properties of the particleboard.
Aizat Ghani; Zaidon Ashaari; Paiman Bawon; Seng Hua Lee. Reducing formaldehyde emission of urea formaldehyde-bonded particleboard by addition of amines as formaldehyde scavenger. Building and Environment 2018, 142, 188 -194.
AMA StyleAizat Ghani, Zaidon Ashaari, Paiman Bawon, Seng Hua Lee. Reducing formaldehyde emission of urea formaldehyde-bonded particleboard by addition of amines as formaldehyde scavenger. Building and Environment. 2018; 142 ():188-194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAizat Ghani; Zaidon Ashaari; Paiman Bawon; Seng Hua Lee. 2018. "Reducing formaldehyde emission of urea formaldehyde-bonded particleboard by addition of amines as formaldehyde scavenger." Building and Environment 142, no. : 188-194.
Wood is an ideal building material as it is renewable and green. However, low dimensional stability and durability might restrict its usage in structural application. Therefore, modification is needed to improve the aforementioned issues. As an environmentally friendly wood modification method, heat treatment of wood using oil as a heating medium has brought to researcher’s attention to the fact that it might serve as an excellent treatment procedure in treating wood. This paper presents a review about the effects of oil heat treatment on the properties of wood such as colour stability, dimensional stability, mechanical strength and durability against termites and fungi as well as its potential to be used as construction and building materials. The pros and cons of using oil as a heating medium in wood treatment are discussed. This review shows discrepancies between the treatment methods or procedures and its resultant findings. Moreover, the effectiveness of the treatment is governed by several factors such as the type of oils used and wood species. The objective of the present paper is to conduct a review of the published literatures regarding the properties of wood modified by oil heat treatment and the results obtained were compared systematically.
Seng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Wei Chen Lum; Juliana Abdul Halip; Aik Fei Ang; Li Peng Tan; Kit Ling Chin; Paridah Md Tahir. Thermal treatment of wood using vegetable oils: A review. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 181, 408 -419.
AMA StyleSeng Hua Lee, Zaidon Ashaari, Wei Chen Lum, Juliana Abdul Halip, Aik Fei Ang, Li Peng Tan, Kit Ling Chin, Paridah Md Tahir. Thermal treatment of wood using vegetable oils: A review. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 181 ():408-419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Wei Chen Lum; Juliana Abdul Halip; Aik Fei Ang; Li Peng Tan; Kit Ling Chin; Paridah Md Tahir. 2018. "Thermal treatment of wood using vegetable oils: A review." Construction and Building Materials 181, no. : 408-419.
Rasdianah D; Zaidon A; Hidayah A; Lee Sh. Effects of superheated steam treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of light red meranti and kedondong wood. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE 2018, 30, 384 -392.
AMA StyleRasdianah D, Zaidon A, Hidayah A, Lee Sh. Effects of superheated steam treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of light red meranti and kedondong wood. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE. 2018; 30 (3):384-392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasdianah D; Zaidon A; Hidayah A; Lee Sh. 2018. "Effects of superheated steam treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of light red meranti and kedondong wood." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE 30, no. 3: 384-392.
The fertiliser industry faces a continuing challenge to improve the efficiency of their products, particularly of nitrogenous fertilisers, and to minimise adverse impacts. Therefore, a new slow release fertilizer, urea-impregnated woodchips from tropical plant biomass (oil palm frond and rubberwood), was developed. The morphology of the impregnated woodchips was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the success of impregnation of urea and nitrogen deposition into the woodchips was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. When nitrogen release patterns from impregnated woodchips fertiliser were simulated using a soil solution and distilled water as leaching solutions in a static condition for 768 h, release was slow and steady, although the release rate was lower in distilled water than in the soil solution.
Nur Nabilah Abdul Khalid; Zaidon Ashaari; Ahmad Husni Mohd. Hanif; Azmy Mohamed; Seng Hua Lee. Nitrogen deposition and release pattern of slow release fertiliser made from urea-impregnated oil palm frond and rubberwood chips. Journal of Forestry Research 2018, 30, 2087 -2094.
AMA StyleNur Nabilah Abdul Khalid, Zaidon Ashaari, Ahmad Husni Mohd. Hanif, Azmy Mohamed, Seng Hua Lee. Nitrogen deposition and release pattern of slow release fertiliser made from urea-impregnated oil palm frond and rubberwood chips. Journal of Forestry Research. 2018; 30 (6):2087-2094.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNur Nabilah Abdul Khalid; Zaidon Ashaari; Ahmad Husni Mohd. Hanif; Azmy Mohamed; Seng Hua Lee. 2018. "Nitrogen deposition and release pattern of slow release fertiliser made from urea-impregnated oil palm frond and rubberwood chips." Journal of Forestry Research 30, no. 6: 2087-2094.
Chemical, thermal properties, surface characteristics, termite resistance and physico-mechanical properties of urea formaldehyde-bonded oil palm trunk particleboard post heat-treated in palm oil were investigated. Oven dried samples were immersed in palm oil for 24 h prior to expose to temperature of 180, 200 and 220 °C in a laboratory oven for 2 h. Alternation in the chemical composition of treated samples was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Thermal properties analysis was conducted using Thermogravimetric (TG) and Different scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. Surface characteristics were checked using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while resistance against subterranean termite, Coptotermes curvignathus, was evaluated. Physcial and mechanical properties of the samples was assessed based on anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), water repellency efficiency (WRE), bending and internal bonding strength. Degradation of hemicellulose shown in FTIR spectra has contributed to the improvement in dimensional stability. Oil-covered particles as shown in SEM give the particleboard lower water uptake. Treated samples also possess better thermal stability and better resistance against termites as the weight loss caused by termites reduced from 25.6% to 11.0%. Generally, improvement in dimensional stability accompanied by severe reduction in mechanical strength were recorded in the treated samples.
Seng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Aik Fei Ang; Juliana Abdul Halip; Wei Chen Lum; Rasdianah Dahali; Rasmina Halis. Effects of two-step post heat-treatment in palm oil on the properties of oil palm trunk particleboard. Industrial Crops and Products 2018, 116, 249 -258.
AMA StyleSeng Hua Lee, Zaidon Ashaari, Aik Fei Ang, Juliana Abdul Halip, Wei Chen Lum, Rasdianah Dahali, Rasmina Halis. Effects of two-step post heat-treatment in palm oil on the properties of oil palm trunk particleboard. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018; 116 ():249-258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Aik Fei Ang; Juliana Abdul Halip; Wei Chen Lum; Rasdianah Dahali; Rasmina Halis. 2018. "Effects of two-step post heat-treatment in palm oil on the properties of oil palm trunk particleboard." Industrial Crops and Products 116, no. : 249-258.
Physico-mechanical properties of light red meranti and kedondong wood heat treated in a laboratory at 160, 180 and 200 °C for 5, 7 and 9 h were investigated. Weight loss of the treated samples increased along with treatment severity. Heat treatment reduced the hygroscopicity of the wood where reduction in equilibrium moisture content and a positive moisture excluding efficiency was observed. Reduction in bending strength as function of increasing treatment temperature and time were also recorded.
Rasdianah Dahali; Zaidon Ashaari; Seng Hua Lee; Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Sabiha Salim. Physico-mechanical properties of light red meranti (Shorea spp.) and kedondong (Canarium spp.) wood heat treated in convection oven. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 2018, 15, 41 -44.
AMA StyleRasdianah Dahali, Zaidon Ashaari, Seng Hua Lee, Edi Suhaimi Bakar, Sabiha Salim. Physico-mechanical properties of light red meranti (Shorea spp.) and kedondong (Canarium spp.) wood heat treated in convection oven. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science. 2018; 15 (1):41-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasdianah Dahali; Zaidon Ashaari; Seng Hua Lee; Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Sabiha Salim. 2018. "Physico-mechanical properties of light red meranti (Shorea spp.) and kedondong (Canarium spp.) wood heat treated in convection oven." Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science 15, no. 1: 41-44.
Paiman B; Lee Sh; Zaidon A. MACHINING PROPERTIES OF NATURAL REGENERATION AND PLANTED ACACIA MANGIUM × A. AURICULIFORMIS HYBRID. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE 2018, 30, 135 -142.
AMA StylePaiman B, Lee Sh, Zaidon A. MACHINING PROPERTIES OF NATURAL REGENERATION AND PLANTED ACACIA MANGIUM × A. AURICULIFORMIS HYBRID. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE. 2018; 30 (1):135-142.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaiman B; Lee Sh; Zaidon A. 2018. "MACHINING PROPERTIES OF NATURAL REGENERATION AND PLANTED ACACIA MANGIUM × A. AURICULIFORMIS HYBRID." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE 30, no. 1: 135-142.
The chemical properties, dimensional stability, mechanical strength and termite resistance of urea formaldehyde (UF) bond rubberwood (RW) particleboard (PB) were assessed after a two-step oil heat treatment (OHT). The PB was immersed in palm oil before heating to 180, 200, and 220°C in a laboratory oven for 2 h. Anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) and water repellency efficiency (WRE) as well as bending (MOE, MOR) and internal bonding strength (IB) were determined. Resistance against a subterranean termite, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, was tested. The degradation of hemicelluloses and cellulose, that are mainly responsible for wood wetting processes, was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Formation of an elevated cross-linking density in lignin also contributed to the dimensional stability, where 93.6% ASE and 46.3% WRE were achieved in the samples treated at 220°C. Mechanical properties of treated samples were inferior to the control samples due to hemicelluloses degradation and breakage of the UF bonding network. A significant improvement in termite resistance has been found in the treated samples.
Seng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Wei Chen Lum; Aik Fei Ang; Juliana Abdul Halip; Rasmina Halis. Chemical, physico-mechanical properties and biological durability of rubberwood particleboards after post heat-treatment in palm oil. Holzforschung 2017, 72, 159 -167.
AMA StyleSeng Hua Lee, Zaidon Ashaari, Wei Chen Lum, Aik Fei Ang, Juliana Abdul Halip, Rasmina Halis. Chemical, physico-mechanical properties and biological durability of rubberwood particleboards after post heat-treatment in palm oil. Holzforschung. 2017; 72 (2):159-167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Wei Chen Lum; Aik Fei Ang; Juliana Abdul Halip; Rasmina Halis. 2017. "Chemical, physico-mechanical properties and biological durability of rubberwood particleboards after post heat-treatment in palm oil." Holzforschung 72, no. 2: 159-167.
Study has been made on manufactured wood polymer nanocomposites (WPNC) from Sesendok wood through impregnation of Styrene (ST), Ethyldimethylamine (EDA) and Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay. The impregnation process of the wood samples by vacuum-pressure method with in-situ polymerization of prepolymer mixture was used. The wood samples structural properties were investigated with Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) found to be extensively changed upon ST-co-EDA/MMT impregnated. The mechanical properties of the WPNC samples were significantly increased by ST-co-EDA/MMT treatment. Thermal properties of WPNC samples were also evaluated using themogravimetric analysis (TGA) and an improvement in thermal stability was found for WPNC. WPNC has shown excellent resistance against weathering effect while exposed to surrounding. WPNC can be used to replace plastic and synthetice materials for its excellent properties and high market demand of the modern society.
Maidal Saiful Islam; N.S.B.M. Azmee; Zaidon Ashaari; Sinin Hamdan Ahmad AdibAiman; Abdul Rasyid; Kh. Nurul Islam. Properties of Wood Polymer Nanocomposites Impregnated With ST-co-EDA/Nanoclay. Macromolecular Symposia 2017, 371, 125 -128.
AMA StyleMaidal Saiful Islam, N.S.B.M. Azmee, Zaidon Ashaari, Sinin Hamdan Ahmad AdibAiman, Abdul Rasyid, Kh. Nurul Islam. Properties of Wood Polymer Nanocomposites Impregnated With ST-co-EDA/Nanoclay. Macromolecular Symposia. 2017; 371 (1):125-128.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaidal Saiful Islam; N.S.B.M. Azmee; Zaidon Ashaari; Sinin Hamdan Ahmad AdibAiman; Abdul Rasyid; Kh. Nurul Islam. 2017. "Properties of Wood Polymer Nanocomposites Impregnated With ST-co-EDA/Nanoclay." Macromolecular Symposia 371, no. 1: 125-128.
Aik Fei Ang; Zaidon Ashaari; Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Nor Azowa Ibrahim. Possibility of enhancing the dimensional stability of jelutong (Dyera costulata) wood using glyoxalated alkali lignin-phenolic resin as bulking agent. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2017, 76, 269 -282.
AMA StyleAik Fei Ang, Zaidon Ashaari, Edi Suhaimi Bakar, Nor Azowa Ibrahim. Possibility of enhancing the dimensional stability of jelutong (Dyera costulata) wood using glyoxalated alkali lignin-phenolic resin as bulking agent. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2017; 76 (1):269-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAik Fei Ang; Zaidon Ashaari; Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Nor Azowa Ibrahim. 2017. "Possibility of enhancing the dimensional stability of jelutong (Dyera costulata) wood using glyoxalated alkali lignin-phenolic resin as bulking agent." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 76, no. 1: 269-282.
Physico-mechanical properties of particleboard fabricated from heat-treated rubberwood particles were investigated. Reduction in water absorption and mass loss were observed in heat-treated rubberwood particles, and it was associated with the properties of particleboard. The density and moisture content of the particleboard decreased with increasing treatment temperature and time. Heat treatment of particles improved the dimensional stability of the particleboard, but the mechanical properties were adversely affected.
Seng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Fatin Ruzanna Jamaludin; Cheok Nee Yee; Wan Nabilah Ahamad. Physico-mechanical properties of particleboard made from heat-treated rubberwood particles. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2016, 75, 655 -658.
AMA StyleSeng Hua Lee, Zaidon Ashaari, Fatin Ruzanna Jamaludin, Cheok Nee Yee, Wan Nabilah Ahamad. Physico-mechanical properties of particleboard made from heat-treated rubberwood particles. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2016; 75 (4):655-658.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Fatin Ruzanna Jamaludin; Cheok Nee Yee; Wan Nabilah Ahamad. 2016. "Physico-mechanical properties of particleboard made from heat-treated rubberwood particles." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 75, no. 4: 655-658.
Production of green composites involve a manufacturing process that combining both renewable plant-based particles and green polymers. Characteristics of wood and non-wood particles are one of the main factors that influencing the properties of green composite, particularly particle based composite i.e., particleboard and wood plastic composite (WPC). Characterization of wood and non-wood particles are vital for properties determination of the resulting particleboard and WPC. The present work reviewed some characterization studies of particles including the size (length, width, and thickness, aspect ratio, and slenderness ratio) and geometry of the particles. This paper also highlighted the effects of particle size and geometry of wood and non-wood particle on the mechanical and physical properties of particleboard and WPC. Findings revealed that particle size exerted significant effect on the mechanical and physical properties of both particleboard and WPC. On the other hand, types of materials (wood or non-wood) are crucial factor that affects the performance of particleboard, but not a critical factor on the performance of WPC as it contained lesser amount of particles.
Abdul Halip Juliana; Seng Hua Lee; Tahir Paridah; Zaidon Ashaari; Wei Chen Lum. Development and Characterization of Wood and Non-wood Particle Based Green Composites. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2016, 181 -198.
AMA StyleAbdul Halip Juliana, Seng Hua Lee, Tahir Paridah, Zaidon Ashaari, Wei Chen Lum. Development and Characterization of Wood and Non-wood Particle Based Green Composites. Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. 2016; ():181-198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Halip Juliana; Seng Hua Lee; Tahir Paridah; Zaidon Ashaari; Wei Chen Lum. 2016. "Development and Characterization of Wood and Non-wood Particle Based Green Composites." Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions , no. : 181-198.
Dimensional stability of heat oil-cured particleboard made with admixture of oil palm trunk and rubberwood was evaluated. Particleboard made with oil palm trunk had better dimensional stability due to better compact ratio and lower hygroscopicity than rubberwood. Combination of repellent properties of oil and application of heat had greatly reduced the hygroscopicity of particleboard by decreasing its equilibrium moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption.
Seng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Aik Fei Ang; Juliana Abdul Halip. Dimensional stability of heat oil-cured particleboard made with oil palm trunk and rubberwood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2016, 75, 285 -288.
AMA StyleSeng Hua Lee, Zaidon Ashaari, Aik Fei Ang, Juliana Abdul Halip. Dimensional stability of heat oil-cured particleboard made with oil palm trunk and rubberwood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2016; 75 (2):285-288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeng Hua Lee; Zaidon Ashaari; Aik Fei Ang; Juliana Abdul Halip. 2016. "Dimensional stability of heat oil-cured particleboard made with oil palm trunk and rubberwood." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 75, no. 2: 285-288.
Drilling characteristics and quality of oil palm wood (OPW) for high grade furniture manufacturing were determined. The effects of diameter and rake angle of a Fortsner bit on the quality of drilling in treated OPW was investigated in comparison with untreated OPW and rubberwood. Boring qualities of treated OPW proved to be superior to untreated OPW but fell a bit below the quality shown by rubberwood. The 25 mm diameter bit outperformed the 32 mm diameter bit, while 30° rake angle outperformed 20° rake angle. Treated OPW and rubberwood are of the same class of surface quality with Ra value of 8.65 and 8.63 µm, respectively, while the untreated OPW is far inferior (14.28 µm). In conclusion, the treated OPW shows immense improvement in drilling quality compared to untreated OPW.
Edi Suhaimi Bakar; Yi Way Chong; Rogerson Anokye; Zaidon Ashaari. Effect of different diameters and rake angles of Forstner bit on the quality of drilling on treated oil palm wood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 2016, 76, 1 .
AMA StyleEdi Suhaimi Bakar, Yi Way Chong, Rogerson Anokye, Zaidon Ashaari. Effect of different diameters and rake angles of Forstner bit on the quality of drilling on treated oil palm wood. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. 2016; 76 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdi Suhaimi Bakar; Yi Way Chong; Rogerson Anokye; Zaidon Ashaari. 2016. "Effect of different diameters and rake angles of Forstner bit on the quality of drilling on treated oil palm wood." European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 76, no. 1: 1.