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Walid Soufan
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Chilean journal of agricultural research
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In addition to its high nutritional value, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has several health benefits including antioxidant, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiulcer, hypocholesterolemic, hypolipidemic, and estrogenic effects. We aimed to assess the nutritional value and antioxidant capacity of alfalfa leaves at different times of the year in arid regions. Alfalfa was harvested in autumn, winter, spring, and summer and fresh yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured. Leaves were collected to determine their nutritional value and antioxidant capacity using two different extracts viz.: absolute ethanol or distilled water. Fresh yield and leaf:stem ratio were highest in spring (20 t ha-1 and 57.6%, respectively), followed equally by winter and autumn, and were lowest in summer (10.75 t ha-1 and 51.6%, respectively). The autumn cut had the highest crude protein (33.52%) and crude fat content (3.79%) and the lowest content of crude fiber (13.95%) and acid detergent fiber (16.55%), which are good indicators of suitability for human nourishment. However, leaves collected in autumn were characterized by lower digestibility values (86.2%) compared to the other cuts. Antioxidant capacity of leaves harvested in autumns and extracted with either ethanol or distilled water was examined in terms of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH scavenging capacity, and reducing power. Ethanol extract showed higher antioxidant capacity in terms of total phenol and total flavonoid contents (6.41 and 4.88 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 DW, respectively). These results suggest that autumn is the most appropriate season to cut alfalfa leaves for human nutritional purposes.

ACS Style

Walid Soufan; Mohammad K. Okla; Ahmad Salamatullah; Khizar Hayat; Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud; Saud S. Al-Amri. Seasonal variation in yield, nutritive value, and antioxidant capacity of leaves of alfalfa plants grown in arid climate of Saudi Arabia. Chilean journal of agricultural research 2021, 81, 182 -190.

AMA Style

Walid Soufan, Mohammad K. Okla, Ahmad Salamatullah, Khizar Hayat, Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud, Saud S. Al-Amri. Seasonal variation in yield, nutritive value, and antioxidant capacity of leaves of alfalfa plants grown in arid climate of Saudi Arabia. Chilean journal of agricultural research. 2021; 81 (2):182-190.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walid Soufan; Mohammad K. Okla; Ahmad Salamatullah; Khizar Hayat; Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud; Saud S. Al-Amri. 2021. "Seasonal variation in yield, nutritive value, and antioxidant capacity of leaves of alfalfa plants grown in arid climate of Saudi Arabia." Chilean journal of agricultural research 81, no. 2: 182-190.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Livestock development in rainfed areas is slower due to the inadequate supply of nutritious fodder. Mono-cropping systems also have a negative impact on forage yield and nutrition as cereals are deficient in protein. Hence, there is a dire need to grow cereals with legumes to improve forage yield and quality. Therefore, a two-year field study was undertaken to evaluate winter cereal–legume forage and their mixtures viz. oats (cv. PD2-LV65), barley (Jau-86) and one legume viz. vetch (cv. Languedock) under different tillage systems viz. conventional tillage (moldboard plow+4-cultivation with tines) and conservation tillage (3 - cultivation with tines). Crops were grown in pure stands as well as in mixtures with a 70:30 seeding ratio. The results revealed that the conventional tillage system performed better in terms of numbers of tillers/branches, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield than the conservation tillage system. However, the conventional and conservation tillage systems did not show a significant difference in terms of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. In the pure stands and cereal–legume mixtures, the oat–vetch mixture performed better in terms of plant height, leaf-to-stem ratio and green fodder yield. The maximum crude protein content was observed in the oat–vetch mixture, while the maximum acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were observed in the pure oat stands. In competitive indices, the land-equivalent ratio and competitive ratio showed the advantage of intercropping. In actual yield loss, results showed the positive value of barley and oats in mixtures, which reflects the advantage of intercropping in the rainfed areas. The economic analysis showed a greater net benefit from the conventional tillage than the conservation tillage system under rainfed conditions. On the basis of this investigation, an oat–vetch mixture and the conventional tillage system are recommended for higher tonnage of nutritious fodder in rainfed areas.

ACS Style

Sunyad Sohail; Muhammad Ansar; Milan Skalicky; Allah Wasaya; Walid Soufan; Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Marian Brestic; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Muhammad Ali Raza; Ayman EL Sabagh. Influence of Tillage Systems and Cereals–Legume Mixture on Fodder Yield, Quality and Net Returns under Rainfed Conditions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2172 .

AMA Style

Sunyad Sohail, Muhammad Ansar, Milan Skalicky, Allah Wasaya, Walid Soufan, Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir, Ahmed El-Shehawi, Marian Brestic, Mohammad Sohidul Islam, Muhammad Ali Raza, Ayman EL Sabagh. Influence of Tillage Systems and Cereals–Legume Mixture on Fodder Yield, Quality and Net Returns under Rainfed Conditions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunyad Sohail; Muhammad Ansar; Milan Skalicky; Allah Wasaya; Walid Soufan; Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Marian Brestic; Mohammad Sohidul Islam; Muhammad Ali Raza; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Influence of Tillage Systems and Cereals–Legume Mixture on Fodder Yield, Quality and Net Returns under Rainfed Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2172.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2021 in Sustainability
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To mitigate environmental pollution and food contamination caused by inappropriate and excessive herbicide usage, most potent herbicides should be screened to control rice weeds. A research trial was executed for assessing the comparative efficacy of different herbicides to control rice field weeds and to evaluate the toxicity on rice under normal (distilled water) as well as different salinity levels (4 and 8 dS m−1). The study was designed to select the most potent herbicide and its appropriate dose for weed control of rice crop in coastal areas. Fourteen herbicidal treatments were included weed free crop, Pretilachlor (0.25, 0.50, 0.375 and 0.75 kg a.i. ha−1), Propanil + Thiobencarb (0.6 + 1.2, 0.9 + 1.8, 1.2 + 2.4 and 1.8 + 3.6 kg a.i. ha−1), Bensulfuron + MCPA (0.03 + 0.05, 0.045 + 0.075, 0.06 + 0.1 and 0.09 + 0.15 kg a.i. ha−1) and weedy check (control). The results revealed that all tested herbicides in higher than recommended doses for non-saline rice fields were effective in controlling Cyperus iria, Echinochloa colona (salt-tolerant) and Jussiaea linifolia but showed in light injury in rice plants grown in non-saline soils. These higher doses of herbicides recorded severe crop injury under saline conditions indicating their differential efficacy from normal non-saline conditions. Treatments including Pretilachlor (0.375kg a.i. ha−1), Propanil + Thiobencarb (0.9 + 1.8 kg ai/ha), Bensulfuron + MCPA (0.06 + 0.1 kg a.i. ha−1) and Pretilachlor (0.50 kg a.i. ha−1) remained superior in terms of weed control and grain yield production under all salinitylevels at TanjungKarang, Malaysia. It is concluded that herbicides respond differently under saline conditions and optimization of their doses potentially prevent herbicidal injury in rice plants.

ACS Style

Mohammad Hakim; Abdul Juraimi; S. Karim; Mohammad Khan; Mohammad Islam; M. Choudhury; Walid Soufan; Hesham Alharby; Atif Bamagoos; Muhammad Iqbal; Frantisek Hnilicka; Jan Kubes; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Shah Saud; Mohamed Hassan; Ayman EL Sabagh. Effectiveness of Herbicide to Control Rice Weeds in Diverse Saline Environments. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2053 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Hakim, Abdul Juraimi, S. Karim, Mohammad Khan, Mohammad Islam, M. Choudhury, Walid Soufan, Hesham Alharby, Atif Bamagoos, Muhammad Iqbal, Frantisek Hnilicka, Jan Kubes, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman, Shah Saud, Mohamed Hassan, Ayman EL Sabagh. Effectiveness of Herbicide to Control Rice Weeds in Diverse Saline Environments. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2053.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Hakim; Abdul Juraimi; S. Karim; Mohammad Khan; Mohammad Islam; M. Choudhury; Walid Soufan; Hesham Alharby; Atif Bamagoos; Muhammad Iqbal; Frantisek Hnilicka; Jan Kubes; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman; Shah Saud; Mohamed Hassan; Ayman EL Sabagh. 2021. "Effectiveness of Herbicide to Control Rice Weeds in Diverse Saline Environments." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2053.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Dry direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.), a climate-smart and resource-efficient (labor and water) rice production technology is gaining popularity in many parts of Asian countries; however, weeds are the major constraints for its early establishment and optimum productivity. Chemical weed management is effective, rapid, and also decreases weed management costs in dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) system; however, chemical use for weed management have a negative effect on the environment and also have human health hazards. Therefore, integrated weed management (IWM) is the best option for the sustainability of rice production under the DSR system. Improving competitiveness against weeds, weed-competitive rice cultivars, and high seeding rates were found to be the most promising IWM strategies in DSR. In this context, a field study was conducted to evaluate the weed competitiveness of rice cultivars and seeding rates on the performance of aus rice in dry direct-seeded systems in Bangladesh. Three inbred rice cultivars (CV), namely “BRRI dhan26”, “BRRI dhan48”, and “BRRI dhan55”, and one hybrid cultivar, “Arize” were tested in a seeding rate (SR) of 20, 40, and 80 kg ha−1 under two weeding regimes (WR) of weed-free and partially-weedy. Rice grain yield was strongly affected (p < 0.01) by the interactions of WR, CV, and SR. In weed-free conditions, the yield of all three inbred cultivars was increased up to SR of 40 kg ha−1 and for the hybrid cultivar, up to SR of 20 kg ha−1, and with further increment of SR, there was no yield advantage. Conversely, under partially weedy conditions, the yield of three inbred cultivars increased up to SR of 80 kg ha−1; however, for the hybrid cultivar, this increment was up to SR of 40 kg ha−1 and thereafter, no yield gain. In weedy conditions, the higher SR compensates for the yield losses by increasing the competitiveness of rice with weeds. Across SR, the hybrid cultivar had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher weed competitive index (WCI) than all the inbred cultivars and the highest SR always had a higher WCI.

ACS Style

Sharif Ahmed; M. Alam; Akbar Hossain; A. Islam; Tahir Awan; Walid Soufan; Ahmed Qahtan; Mohmmad Okla; Ayman El Sabagh. Interactive Effect of Weeding Regimes, Rice Cultivars, and Seeding Rates Influence the Rice-Weed Competition under Dry Direct-Seeded Condition. Sustainability 2020, 13, 317 .

AMA Style

Sharif Ahmed, M. Alam, Akbar Hossain, A. Islam, Tahir Awan, Walid Soufan, Ahmed Qahtan, Mohmmad Okla, Ayman El Sabagh. Interactive Effect of Weeding Regimes, Rice Cultivars, and Seeding Rates Influence the Rice-Weed Competition under Dry Direct-Seeded Condition. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):317.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sharif Ahmed; M. Alam; Akbar Hossain; A. Islam; Tahir Awan; Walid Soufan; Ahmed Qahtan; Mohmmad Okla; Ayman El Sabagh. 2020. "Interactive Effect of Weeding Regimes, Rice Cultivars, and Seeding Rates Influence the Rice-Weed Competition under Dry Direct-Seeded Condition." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 317.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Sulfur (S) is an essential element for all forms of life. It is involved in numerous essential processes because S is considered as the primary source of one of the essential amino acids, methionine, which plays an important role in biological events. For the control and regulation of sulfate in a metabolic network through fluxomics, a non-invasive tool is highly desirable that opens the door to monitor the level of the sulfate in real time and space in living cells without fractionation of the cells or tissue. Here, we engineered a FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) based sensor for sulfate, which is genetically-encoded and named as FLIP-SP (Fluorescent indicator protein for sulfate). The FLIP-SP can measure the level of the sulfate in live cells. This sensor was constructed by the fusion of fluorescent proteins at the N- and C-terminus of sulfate binding protein (sbp). The FLIP-SP is highly specific to sulfate, and showed pH stability. Real-time monitoring of the level of sulfate in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells showed sensor bio-compatibility with living cells. We expect that this sulfate sensor offers a valuable strategy in the understanding of the regulation of the flux of sulfate in the metabolic network.

ACS Style

Urooj Fatima; Mohammad K. Okla; Mohd. Mohsin; Ruphi Naz; Walid Soufan; Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi; Altaf Ahmad. A Non-Invasive Tool for Real-Time Measurement of Sulfate in Living Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 2572 .

AMA Style

Urooj Fatima, Mohammad K. Okla, Mohd. Mohsin, Ruphi Naz, Walid Soufan, Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi, Altaf Ahmad. A Non-Invasive Tool for Real-Time Measurement of Sulfate in Living Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (7):2572.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Urooj Fatima; Mohammad K. Okla; Mohd. Mohsin; Ruphi Naz; Walid Soufan; Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi; Altaf Ahmad. 2020. "A Non-Invasive Tool for Real-Time Measurement of Sulfate in Living Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7: 2572.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2020 in Antioxidants
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(+)-Catechin is an important antioxidant of green tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Catechin is known for its positive role in anticancerous activity, extracellular matrix degradation, cell death regulation, diabetes, and other related disorders. As a result of enormous interest in and great demand for catechin, its biosynthesis using metabolic engineering has become the subject of concentrated research with the aim of enhancing (+)-catechin production. Metabolic flux is an essential concept in the practice of metabolic engineering as it helps in the identification of the regulatory element of a biosynthetic pathway. In the present study, an attempt was made to analyze the metabolic flux of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway in order to decipher the regulatory element of this pathway. Firstly, a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanosensor (FLIP-Cat, fluorescence indicator protein for (+)-catechin) was developed for real-time monitoring of (+)-catechin flux. In vitro characterization of the purified protein of the nanosensor showed that the nanosensor was pH stable and (+)-catechin specific. Its calculated Kd was 139 µM. The nanosensor also performed real-time monitoring of (+)-catechin in bacterial cells. In the second step of this study, an entire (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway was constructed and expressed in E. coli in two sets of plasmid constructs: pET26b-PT7-rbs-PAL-PT7-rbs-4CL-PT7-rbs-CHS-PT7-rbs-CHI and pET26b-T7-rbs-F3H-PT7-rbs- DFR-PT7-rbs-LCR. The E. coli harboring the FLIP-Cat was transformed with these plasmid constructs. The metabolic flux analysis of (+)-catechin was carried out using the FLIP-Cat. The FLIP-Cat successfully monitored the flux of catechin after adding tyrosine, 4-coumaric acid, 4-coumaroyl CoA, naringenin chalcone, naringenin, dihydroquercetin, and leucocyanidin, individually, with the bacterial cells expressing the nanosensor as well as the genes of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway. Dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) was identified as the main regulatory element of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway. Information about this regulatory element of the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway can be used for manipulating the (+)-catechin biosynthesis pathway using a metabolic engineering approach to enhance production of (+)-catechin.

ACS Style

Habiba Kausar; Ghazala Ambrin; Mohammad K. Okla; Walid Soufan; Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi; Altaf Ahmad. Metabolic Flux Analysis of Catechin Biosynthesis Pathways Using Nanosensor. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 288 .

AMA Style

Habiba Kausar, Ghazala Ambrin, Mohammad K. Okla, Walid Soufan, Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi, Altaf Ahmad. Metabolic Flux Analysis of Catechin Biosynthesis Pathways Using Nanosensor. Antioxidants. 2020; 9 (4):288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Habiba Kausar; Ghazala Ambrin; Mohammad K. Okla; Walid Soufan; Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi; Altaf Ahmad. 2020. "Metabolic Flux Analysis of Catechin Biosynthesis Pathways Using Nanosensor." Antioxidants 9, no. 4: 288.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2019 in Agronomy
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Water scarcity has greatly increased the need for research into alternative irrigation methods. Irrigation with treated wastewater (TW) is considered an important alternative in terms of reducing our dependence upon groundwater and freshwater. In this study, we examined the effects of irrigation with TW on the nutrient contents of two alfalfa cultivars and compared them with the nutrient contents of plants irrigated with well water (WW). The two cultivars (Alhassawy—a local cultivar and CUV101) were cultivated from 2013 to 2015 and sampled twice. For both cultivars and in both sampling periods, irrigation with TW significantly affected the macronutrient and micronutrient contents of alfalfa tissues. Plants irrigated with TW had higher K and Ca contents, but lower N, P, and Mg contents. No significant variation in S content was noted between plants irrigated with WW and TW. Furthermore, cultivar and cutting time had significant effects on nutrient contents, and these variables interacted with the effect of the water type used for irrigation. However, before TW can be regularly used in irrigation processes, further long-term studies are needed that consider the variations in water treatment efficiency and differences between cultivated sites in addition to the crop being irrigated with TW.

ACS Style

Walid Soufan; Mohammad K. Okla; Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi; Okla; Al- Ghamdi. Effects of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater or Well Water on the Nutrient Contents of Two Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Agronomy 2019, 9, 729 .

AMA Style

Walid Soufan, Mohammad K. Okla, Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi, Okla, Al- Ghamdi. Effects of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater or Well Water on the Nutrient Contents of Two Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (11):729.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walid Soufan; Mohammad K. Okla; Abdullah A. Al-Ghamdi; Okla; Al- Ghamdi. 2019. "Effects of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater or Well Water on the Nutrient Contents of Two Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Agronomy 9, no. 11: 729.