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To predict the final geometry in thermo-mechanical processes, the use of modeling tools is of great importance. One important part of the modeling process is to describe the response correctly. A previously published mechanism-based flow stress model has been further developed and adapted for the nickel-based superalloys, alloy 625, and alloy 718. The updates include the implementation of a solid solution strengthening model and a model for high temperature plasticity. This type of material model is appropriate in simulations of manufacturing processes where the material undergoes large variations in strain rates and temperatures. The model also inherently captures stress relaxation. The flow stress model has been calibrated using compression strain rate data ranging from 0.01 to 1 s−1 with a temperature span from room temperature up to near the melting temperature. Deformation mechanism maps are also constructed which shows when the different mechanisms are dominating. After the model has been calibrated, it is validated using stress relaxation tests. From the parameter optimization, it is seen that many of the parameters are very similar for alloy 625 and alloy 718, although it is two different materials. The modeled and measured stress relaxation are in good agreement.
Andreas Malmelöv; Martin Fisk; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. Mechanism Based Flow Stress Model for Alloy 625 and Alloy 718. Materials 2020, 13, 5620 .
AMA StyleAndreas Malmelöv, Martin Fisk, Andreas Lundbäck, Lars-Erik Lindgren. Mechanism Based Flow Stress Model for Alloy 625 and Alloy 718. Materials. 2020; 13 (24):5620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Malmelöv; Martin Fisk; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2020. "Mechanism Based Flow Stress Model for Alloy 625 and Alloy 718." Materials 13, no. 24: 5620.
Additive manufacturing is the process by which material is added layer by layer. In most cases, many layers are added, and the passes are lengthy relative to their thicknesses and widths. This makes finite element simulations of the process computationally demanding owing to the short time steps and large number of elements. The classical lumping approach in computational welding mechanics, popular in the 80s, is therefore, of renewed interest and is evaluated in this work. The method of lumping means that welds are merged. This allows fewer time steps and a coarser mesh. It was found that the computation time can be reduced considerably, with retained accuracy for the resulting temperatures and deformations. The residual stresses become, to a certain degree, smaller. The simulations were validated against a directed energy deposition (DED) experiment with alloy 625.
Andreas Malmelöv; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. History Reduction by Lumping for Time-Efficient Simulation of Additive Manufacturing. Metals 2019, 10, 58 .
AMA StyleAndreas Malmelöv, Andreas Lundbäck, Lars-Erik Lindgren. History Reduction by Lumping for Time-Efficient Simulation of Additive Manufacturing. Metals. 2019; 10 (1):58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Malmelöv; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2019. "History Reduction by Lumping for Time-Efficient Simulation of Additive Manufacturing." Metals 10, no. 1: 58.
Simulating the additive manufacturing process of Ti-6Al-4V is very complex due to the microstructural changes and allotropic transformation occurring during its thermomechanical processing. The α -phase with a hexagonal close pack structure is present in three different forms—Widmanstatten, grain boundary and Martensite. A metallurgical model that computes the formation and dissolution of each of these phases was used here. Furthermore, a physically based flow-stress model coupled with the metallurgical model was applied in the simulation of an additive manufacturing case using the directed energy-deposition method. The result from the metallurgical model explicitly affects the mechanical properties in the flow-stress model. Validation of the thermal and mechanical model was performed by comparing the simulation results with measurements available in the literature, which showed good agreement.
Bijish Babu; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V Additive Manufacturing Using Coupled Physically Based Flow Stress and Metallurgical Model. Materials 2019, 12, 3844 .
AMA StyleBijish Babu, Andreas Lundbäck, Lars-Erik Lindgren. Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V Additive Manufacturing Using Coupled Physically Based Flow Stress and Metallurgical Model. Materials. 2019; 12 (23):3844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBijish Babu; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2019. "Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V Additive Manufacturing Using Coupled Physically Based Flow Stress and Metallurgical Model." Materials 12, no. 23: 3844.
In the present study, the gas tungsten arc welding wire feed additive manufacturing process is simulated and its final microstructure predicted by microstructural modelling, which is validated by microstructural characterization. The Finite Element Method is used to solve the temperature field and microstructural evolution during a gas tungsten arc welding wire feed additive manufacturing process. The microstructure of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is computed based on the temperature evolution in a density-based approach and coupled to a model that predicts the thickness of the α lath morphology. The work presented herein includes the first coupling of the process simulation and microstructural modelling, which have been studied separately in previous work by the authors. In addition, the results from simulations are presented and validated with qualitative and quantitative microstructural analyses. The coupling of the process simulation and microstructural modeling indicate promising results, since the microstructural analysis shows good agreement with the predicted alpha lath size.
Corinne Charles Murgau; Andreas Lundbäck; Pia Åkerfeldt; Robert Pederson. Temperature and Microstructure Evolution in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Wire Feed Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V. Materials 2019, 12, 3534 .
AMA StyleCorinne Charles Murgau, Andreas Lundbäck, Pia Åkerfeldt, Robert Pederson. Temperature and Microstructure Evolution in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Wire Feed Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V. Materials. 2019; 12 (21):3534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCorinne Charles Murgau; Andreas Lundbäck; Pia Åkerfeldt; Robert Pederson. 2019. "Temperature and Microstructure Evolution in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Wire Feed Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V." Materials 12, no. 21: 3534.
One of the major challenges with the powder bed fusion process (PBF) and formation of bulk metallic glass (BMG) is the development of process parameters for a stable process and a defect-free component. The focus of this study is to predict formation of a crystalline phase in the glass forming alloy AMZ4 during PBF. The approach combines a thermal finite element model for prediction of the temperature field and a phase model for prediction of crystallization and devitrification. The challenge to simulate the complexity of the heat source has been addressed by utilizing temporal reduction in a layer-by-layer fashion by a simplified heat source model. The heat source model considers the laser power, penetration depth and hatch spacing and is represented by a volumetric heat density equation in one dimension. The phase model is developed and calibrated to DSC measurements at varying heating rates. It can predict the formation of crystalline phase during the non-isothermal process. Results indicate that a critical location for devitrification is located a few layers beneath the top surface. The peak is four layers down where the crystalline volume fraction reaches 4.8% when 50 layers are built.
Johan Lindwall; Victor Pacheco; Martin Sahlberg; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. Thermal simulation and phase modeling of bulk metallic glass in the powder bed fusion process. Additive Manufacturing 2019, 27, 345 -352.
AMA StyleJohan Lindwall, Victor Pacheco, Martin Sahlberg, Andreas Lundbäck, Lars-Erik Lindgren. Thermal simulation and phase modeling of bulk metallic glass in the powder bed fusion process. Additive Manufacturing. 2019; 27 ():345-352.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohan Lindwall; Victor Pacheco; Martin Sahlberg; Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2019. "Thermal simulation and phase modeling of bulk metallic glass in the powder bed fusion process." Additive Manufacturing 27, no. : 345-352.
High density components of an AlCoCrFeNi alloy, often described as a high-entropy alloy, were manufactured by binder jetting followed by sintering. Thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD approach show that the high-entropy alloy is only stable as a single phase in a narrow temperature range below the melting point. At all other temperatures, the alloy will form a mixture of phases, including a sigma phase, which can strongly influence the mechanical properties. The phase stabilities in built AlCoCrFeNi components were investigated by comparing the as-sintered samples with the post-sintering annealed samples at temperatures between 900 °C and 1300 °C. The as-sintered material shows a dominant B2/bcc structure with additional fcc phase in the grain boundaries and sigma phase precipitating in the grain interior. Annealing experiments between 1000 °C and 1100 °C inhibit the sigma phase and only a B2/bcc phase with a fcc phase is observed. Increasing the temperature further suppresses the fcc phase in favor for the B2/bcc phases. The mechanical properties are, as expected, dependent on the annealing temperature, with the higher annealing temperature giving an increase in yield strength from 1203 MPa to 1461 MPa and fracture strength from 1996 MPa to 2272 MPa. This can be explained by a hierarchical microstructure with nano-sized precipitates at higher annealing temperatures. The results enlighten the importance of microstructure control, which can be utilized in order to tune the mechanical properties of these alloys. Furthermore, an excellent oxidation resistance was observed with oxide layers with a thickness of less than 5 µm after 20 h annealing at 1200 °C, which would be of great importance for industrial applications.
Dennis Karlsson; Greta Lindwall; Andreas Lundbäck; Mikael Amnebrink; Magnus Boström; Lars Riekehr; Mikael Schuisky; Martin Sahlberg; Ulf Jansson. Binder jetting of the AlCoCrFeNi alloy. Additive Manufacturing 2019, 27, 72 -79.
AMA StyleDennis Karlsson, Greta Lindwall, Andreas Lundbäck, Mikael Amnebrink, Magnus Boström, Lars Riekehr, Mikael Schuisky, Martin Sahlberg, Ulf Jansson. Binder jetting of the AlCoCrFeNi alloy. Additive Manufacturing. 2019; 27 ():72-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDennis Karlsson; Greta Lindwall; Andreas Lundbäck; Mikael Amnebrink; Magnus Boström; Lars Riekehr; Mikael Schuisky; Martin Sahlberg; Ulf Jansson. 2019. "Binder jetting of the AlCoCrFeNi alloy." Additive Manufacturing 27, no. : 72-79.
Computational welding mechanics (CWM) have a strong connection to thermal stresses, as they are one of the main issues causing problems in welding. The other issue is the related welding deformations together with existing microstructure. The paper summarizes the important models related to prediction of thermal stresses and the evolution of CWM models in order to manage the large amount of ‘welds’ in additive manufacturing.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Andreas Malmelöv. Thermal stresses and computational welding mechanics. Journal of Thermal Stresses 2019, 42, 107 -121.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Andreas Lundbäck, Andreas Malmelöv. Thermal stresses and computational welding mechanics. Journal of Thermal Stresses. 2019; 42 (1):107-121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Andreas Malmelöv. 2019. "Thermal stresses and computational welding mechanics." Journal of Thermal Stresses 42, no. 1: 107-121.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk; Joar Draxler. Modelling additive manufacturing of superalloys. Procedia Manufacturing 2019, 35, 252 -258.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Andreas Lundbäck, Martin Fisk, Joar Draxler. Modelling additive manufacturing of superalloys. Procedia Manufacturing. 2019; 35 ():252-258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk; Joar Draxler. 2019. "Modelling additive manufacturing of superalloys." Procedia Manufacturing 35, no. : 252-258.
The development of computational welding mechanics (CWM) began more than four decades ago. The approach focuses on the region outside the molten pool and is used to simulate the thermo-metallurgical-mechanical behaviour of welded components. It was applied to additive manufacturing (AM) processes when they were known as weld repair and metal deposition. The interest in the CWM approach applied to AM has increased considerably, and there are new challenges in this context regarding welding. The current state and need for developments from the perspective of the authors are summarised in this study.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck. Approaches in computational welding mechanics applied to additive manufacturing: Review and outlook. Comptes Rendus Mécanique 2018, 346, 1033 -1042.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Andreas Lundbäck. Approaches in computational welding mechanics applied to additive manufacturing: Review and outlook. Comptes Rendus Mécanique. 2018; 346 (11):1033-1042.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck. 2018. "Approaches in computational welding mechanics applied to additive manufacturing: Review and outlook." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 346, no. 11: 1033-1042.
Additive manufacturing by powder bed fusion processes can be utilized to create bulk metallic glass as the process yields considerably high cooling rates. However, there is a risk that reheated material set in layers may become devitrified, i.e., crystallize. Therefore, it is advantageous to simulate the process to fully comprehend it and design it to avoid the aforementioned risk. However, a detailed simulation is computationally demanding. It is necessary to increase the computational speed while maintaining accuracy of the computed temperature field in critical regions. The current study evaluates a few approaches based on temporal reduction to achieve this. It is found that the evaluated approaches save a lot of time and accurately predict the temperature history.
J. Lindwall; A. Malmelöv; A. Lundbäck; L.-E. Lindgren. Efficiency and Accuracy in Thermal Simulation of Powder Bed Fusion of Bulk Metallic Glass. JOM 2018, 70, 1598 -1603.
AMA StyleJ. Lindwall, A. Malmelöv, A. Lundbäck, L.-E. Lindgren. Efficiency and Accuracy in Thermal Simulation of Powder Bed Fusion of Bulk Metallic Glass. JOM. 2018; 70 (8):1598-1603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Lindwall; A. Malmelöv; A. Lundbäck; L.-E. Lindgren. 2018. "Efficiency and Accuracy in Thermal Simulation of Powder Bed Fusion of Bulk Metallic Glass." JOM 70, no. 8: 1598-1603.
Andreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. Finite Element Simulation to Support Sustainable Production by Additive Manufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing 2017, 7, 127 -130.
AMA StyleAndreas Lundbäck, Lars-Erik Lindgren. Finite Element Simulation to Support Sustainable Production by Additive Manufacturing. Procedia Manufacturing. 2017; 7 ():127-130.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Lundbäck; Lars-Erik Lindgren. 2017. "Finite Element Simulation to Support Sustainable Production by Additive Manufacturing." Procedia Manufacturing 7, no. : 127-130.
A precipitate evolution model based on classical nucleation, growth and coarsening theory is adapted and solved using the multi-class approach for the superalloy IN718. The model accounts for dissolution of precipitates and is implemented in a finite element program. The model is used to simulate precipitate evolution in the fused zone and the adjacent heat affected zone for a welding simulation. The calculated size distribution of precipitates is used to predict Vickers hardness. The simulation model is compared with nanoindentation experiments. The agreement between simulated and measured hardness is good. HighlightsA material model is used to simulate the precipitation during welding of IN718.The model is implemented in a FE program and is called for every Gauss point.The multi-class precipitation models accounts for dissolution of precipitates.The simulated results are compared with nanoindentation measurements.
M. Fisk; A. Lundbäck; J. Edberg; J.M. Zhou. Simulation of microstructural evolution during repair welding of an IN718 plate. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 2016, 120, 92 -101.
AMA StyleM. Fisk, A. Lundbäck, J. Edberg, J.M. Zhou. Simulation of microstructural evolution during repair welding of an IN718 plate. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2016; 120 ():92-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Fisk; A. Lundbäck; J. Edberg; J.M. Zhou. 2016. "Simulation of microstructural evolution during repair welding of an IN718 plate." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 120, no. : 92-101.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk; Robert Pederson; Joel Andersson. Simulation of additive manufacturing using coupled constitutive and microstructure models. Additive Manufacturing 2016, 12, 144 -158.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Andreas Lundbäck, Martin Fisk, Robert Pederson, Joel Andersson. Simulation of additive manufacturing using coupled constitutive and microstructure models. Additive Manufacturing. 2016; 12 ():144-158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk; Robert Pederson; Joel Andersson. 2016. "Simulation of additive manufacturing using coupled constitutive and microstructure models." Additive Manufacturing 12, no. : 144-158.
There are many challenges in producing aerospace components by additive manufacturing (AM). One of them is to keep the residual stresses and deformations to a minimum. Another one is to achieve the desired material properties in the final component. A computer model can be of great assistance when trying to reduce the negative effects of the manufacturing process. In this work a finite element model is used to predict the thermo-mechanical response during the AM-process. This work features a physically based plasticity model coupled with a microstructure evolution model for the titanium alloy Ti -6Al-4V. Residual stresses in AM components were measured non-destructively using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction on beam line ID15A at the ESRF, Grenoble. The results are compared with FE model predictions of residual stresses. During the process, temperatures and deformations was continuously measured. The measured and computed thermal history agrees well. The result with respect to the deformations agrees well qualitatively. Meaning that the change in deformation in each sequence is well predicted but there is a systematic error that is summing so that the quantitative agreement is lost.
Andreas Lundbäck; Robert Pederson; Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander; Craig Brice; Axel Steuwer; Almir Heralic; Thomas Buslaps; Lars‐Erik Lindgren. Modeling And Experimental Measurement with Synchrotron Radiation of Residual Stresses in Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium 2016, 1279 -1282.
AMA StyleAndreas Lundbäck, Robert Pederson, Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander, Craig Brice, Axel Steuwer, Almir Heralic, Thomas Buslaps, Lars‐Erik Lindgren. Modeling And Experimental Measurement with Synchrotron Radiation of Residual Stresses in Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium. 2016; ():1279-1282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Lundbäck; Robert Pederson; Magnus Hörnqvist Colliander; Craig Brice; Axel Steuwer; Almir Heralic; Thomas Buslaps; Lars‐Erik Lindgren. 2016. "Modeling And Experimental Measurement with Synchrotron Radiation of Residual Stresses in Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4V." Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium , no. : 1279-1282.
The geometrical quality of a welded assembly is to some extent depending part positions before welding. Here, a design of experiment is set up in order to investigate this relation using physical tests in a controlled environment. Based on the experimental results it can be concluded that the influence of part position before welding is significant for geometrical deviation after welding. Furthermore, a working procedure for a completely virtual geometry assurance process for welded assemblies is outlined. In this process, part variations, assembly fixture variations and welding induced variations are important inputs when predicting the capability of the final assembly
Kristina Wärmefjord; Rikard Söderberg; Mikael Ericsson; Anders Appelgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Johan Lööf; Lars Lindkvist; Hans-Olof Svensson. Welding of Non-nominal Geometries – Physical Tests. Procedia CIRP 2016, 43, 136 -141.
AMA StyleKristina Wärmefjord, Rikard Söderberg, Mikael Ericsson, Anders Appelgren, Andreas Lundbäck, Johan Lööf, Lars Lindkvist, Hans-Olof Svensson. Welding of Non-nominal Geometries – Physical Tests. Procedia CIRP. 2016; 43 ():136-141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristina Wärmefjord; Rikard Söderberg; Mikael Ericsson; Anders Appelgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Johan Lööf; Lars Lindkvist; Hans-Olof Svensson. 2016. "Welding of Non-nominal Geometries – Physical Tests." Procedia CIRP 43, no. : 136-141.
One application for repair welding is to restore the integrity of a component where a crack has been found. Cracks can appear during in-service or already in the manufacturing process. The latter is usually the case for large castings where cracks may have formed. The repair welding in this entry is the process of filling a premachined slot. This slot has been milled in order to remove the crack that has been found. The welding process can be any kind of arc, beam, or gas welding process. However, manual arc welding is the most common method for repair welding. Thereafter, the component may need to be heat treated in order to reduce residual stresses and/or restore material microstructure. Local heat treatment means that only a part of the structure is heat treated. This is in contrast to global heat treatment where the entire structure is heat treated by placing it in a furnace. We focus on the use of induction heating for local heat treatment in the current entry.
Andreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk. Repair Welding and Local Heat Treatment. Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses 2014, 4186 -4194.
AMA StyleAndreas Lundbäck, Martin Fisk. Repair Welding and Local Heat Treatment. Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses. 2014; ():4186-4194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk. 2014. "Repair Welding and Local Heat Treatment." Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses , no. : 4186-4194.
The shaped metal deposition (SMD) process is a novel manufacturing technology which is similar to the multi-pass welding used for building features such as lugs and flanges on components [1–7]. This innovative technique is of great interest due to the possibility of employing standard welding equipment without the need for extensive new investment [8, 9]. The numerical simulation of SMD processes has been one of the research topics of great interest over the last years and requires a fully coupled thermo-mechanical formulation, including phase-change phenomena defined in terms of both latent heat release and shrinkage effects [1–6]. It is shown how computational welding mechanics models can be used to model SMD for prediction of temperature evolution, transient, as well as residual stresses and distortions due to the successive welding layers deposited. Material behavior is characterized by a thermo-elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model coupled with a metallurgical mod ...
Carlos Agelet de Saracibar; Andreas Lundbäck; Michele Chiumenti; Miguel Cervera. Shaped Metal Deposition Processes. Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses 2014, 4346 -4355.
AMA StyleCarlos Agelet de Saracibar, Andreas Lundbäck, Michele Chiumenti, Miguel Cervera. Shaped Metal Deposition Processes. Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses. 2014; ():4346-4355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Agelet de Saracibar; Andreas Lundbäck; Michele Chiumenti; Miguel Cervera. 2014. "Shaped Metal Deposition Processes." Encyclopedia of Thermal Stresses , no. : 4346-4355.
Simulation of some, or all, steps in a manufacturing chain may be important for certain applications in order to determine the final achieved properties of the component. The paper discusses the additional challenges in this context.
Lars Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Jonas Edberg; Aleš Svoboda. Challenges in Finite Element Simulations of Chain of Manufacturing Processes. Materials Science Forum 2013, 762, 349 -353.
AMA StyleLars Erik Lindgren, Andreas Lundbäck, Jonas Edberg, Aleš Svoboda. Challenges in Finite Element Simulations of Chain of Manufacturing Processes. Materials Science Forum. 2013; 762 ():349-353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Jonas Edberg; Aleš Svoboda. 2013. "Challenges in Finite Element Simulations of Chain of Manufacturing Processes." Materials Science Forum 762, no. : 349-353.
Thermal stresses and deformations are present and important for many manufacturing processes. Their effect depends strongly on the material behavior. The finite element method has been applied successfully for manufacturing simulations. There are numerical challenges in some cases due to large deformations, strong non-linearities etc. However, the most challenging aspect is the modeling of the material behavior. This requires in many cases coupled constitutive and microstructure models.
Lars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk. Thermo-Mechanics and Microstructure Evolution in Manufacturing Simulations. Journal of Thermal Stresses 2013, 36, 564 -588.
AMA StyleLars-Erik Lindgren, Andreas Lundbäck, Martin Fisk. Thermo-Mechanics and Microstructure Evolution in Manufacturing Simulations. Journal of Thermal Stresses. 2013; 36 (6):564-588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLars-Erik Lindgren; Andreas Lundbäck; Martin Fisk. 2013. "Thermo-Mechanics and Microstructure Evolution in Manufacturing Simulations." Journal of Thermal Stresses 36, no. 6: 564-588.
This paper describes simulation of repair welding and heat treatment together with measurements for validation. The possibility to replace global heat treatment with local using induction heating is evaluated with respect to obtained residual stresses. A physically based material model is used in the analyses. The result from the residual stress measurement shows that there are no significant differences between local heat treatment and global heat treatment.
M. Fisk; A. Lundbäck. Simulation and validation of repair welding and heat treatment of an alloy 718 plate. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 2012, 58, 66 -73.
AMA StyleM. Fisk, A. Lundbäck. Simulation and validation of repair welding and heat treatment of an alloy 718 plate. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 2012; 58 ():66-73.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Fisk; A. Lundbäck. 2012. "Simulation and validation of repair welding and heat treatment of an alloy 718 plate." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 58, no. : 66-73.