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Female endoparasitoid wasps usually inject venom into hosts to suppress their immune response and ensure offspring development. However, the parasitoid’s ability to evolve towards increased success on a given host simultaneously with the evolution of the composition of its venom has never been demonstrated. Here, we designed an experimental evolution to address this question. We crossed two parasitoid lines of Leptopilina boulardi differing both in parasitic success on different Drosophila hosts and venom composition. F2 descendants were reared on three different Drosophila species for nine generations. We tested for evolution of parasitic success over the generations and for the capacity of parasitoids selected on a given host to succeed on another host. We also tested whether the venom composition - based on a statistical analysis of the variation in intensity of the venom protein bands on SDS-PAGE 1D - evolved in response to different host species. Results showed a specialization of the parasitoids on their selection host and a rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition according to the host. Overall, data suggest a high potential for parasitoids to adapt to a new host, which may have important consequences in the field as well in the context of biological control.
Fanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathe-Hubert; Jean-Luc Gatti; Dominique Colinet; Marylene Poirie. Parasitic success and venom composition evolve upon specialization of parasitoid wasps to different host species. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleFanny Cavigliasso, Hugo Mathe-Hubert, Jean-Luc Gatti, Dominique Colinet, Marylene Poirie. Parasitic success and venom composition evolve upon specialization of parasitoid wasps to different host species. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathe-Hubert; Jean-Luc Gatti; Dominique Colinet; Marylene Poirie. 2020. "Parasitic success and venom composition evolve upon specialization of parasitoid wasps to different host species." , no. : 1.
Organisms living in hot, arid environments face important risks associated with hyperthermia and dehydration which are expected to become more severe with climate change. To mitigate these risks, individuals often modify behaviour, e.g. reducing activity and seeking shade. These behavioural modifications may affect interactions between individuals, with consequences for the social structure of groups. We tested whether the social structure of cooperative groups of sociable weavers (Philetairus socius ) varied with environmental temperature. We recorded the nature and frequency of interactions at feeders positioned beneath three sociable weaver colonies (N = 49 identified birds) in the Kalahari Desert with respect to environmental temperatures over a 30‐day period. Using random forest models, we examined whether thermal conditions predicted variation in social network structure. We also conducted focal observations of individual weavers to assess functional links between temperature, intensity of heat dissipation behaviour (panting), and immediate effects on social behaviour. Our results suggest that the social structure of weaver colonies becomes less cohesive and more fragmented at extreme and variable environmental temperatures. These changes in network structure appear to be linked with individuals’ heat dissipation behaviour: extreme and variable temperatures were associated with increased panting, which was significantly correlated with an immediate reduction in the frequency of association. Collectively, our results indicate that interactions within groups could be disturbed by environmental temperature variation and extremes. Changing temperature regimes could therefore affect the functioning of animal societies by altering social networks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Margaux Rat; Hugo Mathe‐Hubert; Andrew E. McKechnie; Cedric Sueur; Susan J. Cunningham. Extreme and variable environmental temperatures are linked to reduction of social network cohesiveness in a highly social passerine. Oikos 2020, 129, 1597 -1610.
AMA StyleMargaux Rat, Hugo Mathe‐Hubert, Andrew E. McKechnie, Cedric Sueur, Susan J. Cunningham. Extreme and variable environmental temperatures are linked to reduction of social network cohesiveness in a highly social passerine. Oikos. 2020; 129 (11):1597-1610.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargaux Rat; Hugo Mathe‐Hubert; Andrew E. McKechnie; Cedric Sueur; Susan J. Cunningham. 2020. "Extreme and variable environmental temperatures are linked to reduction of social network cohesiveness in a highly social passerine." Oikos 129, no. 11: 1597-1610.
Many microbial symbionts have multiple phenotypic consequences for their animal hosts. However, the ways in which different symbiont-mediated phenotypes combine to affect fitness are not well understood. We investigated whether there are correlations between different symbiont-mediated phenotypes. We used the symbiont Spiroplasma , a striking example of a bacterial symbiont conferring diverse phenotypes on insect hosts. We took 11 strains of Spiroplasma infecting pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and assessed their ability to provide protection against the fungal pathogen Pandora neoaphidis and the parasitoids Aphidius ervi and Praon volucre . We also assessed effects on male offspring production for five of the Spiroplasma strains. All but one of the Spiroplasma strains provided very strong protection against the parasitoid P. volucre . As previously reported, variable protection against P. neoaphidis and A. ervi was also present; male-killing was likewise a variable phenotype. We find no evidence of any correlation, positive or negative, between the different phenotypes, nor was there any evidence of an effect of symbiont phylogeny on protective phenotype. We conclude that multiple symbiont-mediated phenotypes can evolve independently from one another without trade-offs between them.
A. H. C. McLean; J. Hrček†; B. J. Parker‡; H. Mathé-Hubert; H. Kaech; C. Paine; H. C. J. Godfray. Multiple phenotypes conferred by a single insect symbiont are independent. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2020, 287, 20200562 .
AMA StyleA. H. C. McLean, J. Hrček†, B. J. Parker‡, H. Mathé-Hubert, H. Kaech, C. Paine, H. C. J. Godfray. Multiple phenotypes conferred by a single insect symbiont are independent. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2020; 287 (1929):20200562.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. H. C. McLean; J. Hrček†; B. J. Parker‡; H. Mathé-Hubert; H. Kaech; C. Paine; H. C. J. Godfray. 2020. "Multiple phenotypes conferred by a single insect symbiont are independent." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1929: 20200562.
Parasitoid wasps rely primarily on venom to suppress the immune response and regulate the physiology of their host. Intraspecific variability of venom protein composition has been documented in some species, but its evolutionary potential is poorly understood. We performed an experimental evolution initiated with the crosses of two lines of Leptopilina boulardi of different venom composition to generate variability and create new combinations of venom factors. The offspring were maintained for 10 generations on two strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in resistance/susceptibility to the parental parasitoid lines. The venom composition of individuals was characterized by a semi-automatic analysis of 1D SDS-PAGE electrophoresis protein profiles whose accuracy was checked by Western blot analysis of well-characterized venom proteins. Results made evident a rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition on both hosts and showed that the proteins beneficial on one host can be costly on the other. Overall, we demonstrated the capacity of rapid evolution of the venom composition in parasitoid wasps, important regulators of arthropod populations, suggesting a potential for adaptation to new hosts. Our approach also proved relevant in identifying, among the diversity of venom proteins, those possibly involved in parasitism success and whose role deserves to be deepened.
Fanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Christian Rebuf; Jean-Luc Gatti; Thibaut Malausa; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirié. Rapid and Differential Evolution of the Venom Composition of a Parasitoid Wasp Depending on the Host Strain. Toxins 2019, 11, 629 .
AMA StyleFanny Cavigliasso, Hugo Mathé-Hubert, Laurent Kremmer, Christian Rebuf, Jean-Luc Gatti, Thibaut Malausa, Dominique Colinet, Marylène Poirié. Rapid and Differential Evolution of the Venom Composition of a Parasitoid Wasp Depending on the Host Strain. Toxins. 2019; 11 (11):629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Christian Rebuf; Jean-Luc Gatti; Thibaut Malausa; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirié. 2019. "Rapid and Differential Evolution of the Venom Composition of a Parasitoid Wasp Depending on the Host Strain." Toxins 11, no. 11: 629.
Parasitoid wasps rely primarily on venom to suppress the immune response and regulate the physiology of their host. Intraspecific variability of venom protein composition has been documented in some species, but its evolutionary potential is poorly understood. We performed an experimental evolution initiated with crosses of two lines of Leptopilina boulardi of different venom composition to generate variability and create new combinations of venom factors. The offspring were maintained for 10 generations on two strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in resistance / susceptibility to the parasitoid lines. The venom composition of individuals was characterized by a semi-automatic analysis of 1D SDS-PAGE protein profiles whose accuracy was checked by Western blot analysis of well-characterized venom proteins. Results evidenced a rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition on both hosts and showed that the proteins beneficial on one host can be costly on the other. Overall, we demonstrated the capacity of rapid evolution of the venom composition in parasitoid wasps, important regulators of arthropod populations, suggesting a potential for adaptation to new hosts. Our approach also proved relevant in identifying, among the diversity of venom proteins, those possibly involved in parasitism success and whose role deserves to be deepened.Key ContributionThe venom protein composition of parasitoid wasps can evolve rapidly and differently depending on the host strain. Studying this evolution can help identify new venom proteins possibly involved in parasitism success on a given host.
Fanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathe-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Christian Rebuf; Jean-Luc Gatti; Thibaut Malausa; Dominique Colinet; Marylene Poirie. Rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition of a parasitoid wasp depending on the host strain. 2019, 796649 .
AMA StyleFanny Cavigliasso, Hugo Mathe-Hubert, Laurent Kremmer, Christian Rebuf, Jean-Luc Gatti, Thibaut Malausa, Dominique Colinet, Marylene Poirie. Rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition of a parasitoid wasp depending on the host strain. . 2019; ():796649.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFanny Cavigliasso; Hugo Mathe-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Christian Rebuf; Jean-Luc Gatti; Thibaut Malausa; Dominique Colinet; Marylene Poirie. 2019. "Rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition of a parasitoid wasp depending on the host strain." , no. : 796649.
Virtually all higher organisms form holobionts with associated microbiota. To understand the biology of holobionts we need to know how species assemble and interact. Controlled experiments are suited to study interactions between particular symbionts, but they only accommodate a tiny portion of the diversity within each species. Alternatively, interactions can be inferred by testing if associations among symbionts in the field are more or less frequent than expected under random assortment. However, random assortment may not be a valid null hypothesis for maternally transmitted symbionts since drift alone can result in associations. Here, we analyse a European field survey of endosymbionts in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), confirming that symbiont associations are pervasive. To interpret them, we develop a model simulating the effect of drift on symbiont associations. We show that drift induces apparently nonrandom assortment, even though horizontal transmissions and maternal transmission failures tend to randomise symbiont associations. We also use this model in the approximate Bayesian computation framework to revisit the association between Spiroplasma and Wolbachia in Drosophila neotestacea. New field data reported here reveal that this association has disappeared in the investigated location, yet a significant interaction between Spiroplasma and Wolbachia can still be inferred. Our study confirms that negative and positive associations are pervasive and often induced by symbiont‐symbiont interactions. Nevertheless, some associations are also likely to be driven by drift. This possibility needs to be considered when performing such analyses, and our model is helpful for this purpose.
Hugo Mathé‐Hubert; Heidi Kaech; Corinne Hertaeg; John Jaenike; Christoph Vorburger. Nonrandom associations of maternally transmitted symbionts in insects: The roles of drift versus biased cotransmission and selection. Molecular Ecology 2019, 28, 5330 -5346.
AMA StyleHugo Mathé‐Hubert, Heidi Kaech, Corinne Hertaeg, John Jaenike, Christoph Vorburger. Nonrandom associations of maternally transmitted symbionts in insects: The roles of drift versus biased cotransmission and selection. Molecular Ecology. 2019; 28 (24):5330-5346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugo Mathé‐Hubert; Heidi Kaech; Corinne Hertaeg; John Jaenike; Christoph Vorburger. 2019. "Nonrandom associations of maternally transmitted symbionts in insects: The roles of drift versus biased cotransmission and selection." Molecular Ecology 28, no. 24: 5330-5346.
Differentiation of traits among populations can evolve by drift when gene flow is low relative to drift or selection when there are different local optima in each population (heterogeneous selection), whereas homogeneous selection tends to prevent evolution of such a differentiation. Analyses of geographical variations in venom composition have been done in several taxa such as wasps, spiders, scorpions, cone snails and snakes, but surprisingly never in parasitoid wasps, although their venom should constrain their ability to succeed on locally available hosts. Such a study is now facilitated by the development of an accurate method (quantitative digital analysis) that allows analyzing the quantitative variation of large sets of proteins from several individuals. This method was used here to analyse the venom-based differentiation of four samples of Leptopilina boulardi and five samples of L. heterotoma from populations along a 300 km long south-north gradient in the Rhône-Saône valley (South-East of France). A major result is that the composition of the venom allows to differentiate the populations studied even when separated by few kilometers. We further analyzed these differentiations on the populations (reared under similar conditions to exclude environmental variance) with a QST analysis which compared the variance of a quantitative trait (Q) among the subpopulations (S) to the total variance (T). We also used random forest clustering analyses to detect the venom components the most likely to be adapted locally. The signature of the natural selection was strong for L. heterotoma and L. boulardi. For the latter, the comparison with the differentiation observed at some neutral markers revealed that differentiation was partly due to some local adaptation. The combination of methods used here appears to be a powerful framework for population proteomics and for the study of eco-evolutionary feedbacks between proteomic level and population and ecosystem levels. This is of interest not only for studying field evolution at an intermediate level between the genome and phenotypes, or for understanding the role of evolution in chemical ecology, but also for more applied issues in biological control.
Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Dominique Colinet; Jean-Luc Gatti; Joan Van Baaren; Émilie Delava; Marylène Poirié. Variation in the Venom of Parasitic Wasps, Drift, or Selection? Insights From a Multivariate QST Analysis. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2019, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleHugo Mathé-Hubert, Laurent Kremmer, Dominique Colinet, Jean-Luc Gatti, Joan Van Baaren, Émilie Delava, Marylène Poirié. Variation in the Venom of Parasitic Wasps, Drift, or Selection? Insights From a Multivariate QST Analysis. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2019; 7 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugo Mathé-Hubert; Laurent Kremmer; Dominique Colinet; Jean-Luc Gatti; Joan Van Baaren; Émilie Delava; Marylène Poirié. 2019. "Variation in the Venom of Parasitic Wasps, Drift, or Selection? Insights From a Multivariate QST Analysis." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7, no. : 1.
The heritable endosymbiont Spiroplasma infects many insects and has repeatedly evolved the ability to protect its hosts against different parasites. Defenses do not come for free to the host, and theory predicts that more costly symbionts need to provide stronger benefits to persist in host populations. We investigated the costs and benefits of Spiroplasma infections in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), testing 12 bacterial strains from three different clades. Virtually all strains decreased aphid lifespan and reproduction, but only two had a (weak) protective effect against the parasitoid Aphidius ervi, an important natural enemy of pea aphids. Spiroplasma induced fitness costs were variable, with strains from the most slowly evolving clade reaching higher titers and curtailing aphid lifespan more strongly than other strains. Some Spiroplasma strains shared their host with a second endosymbiont, Regiella insecticola. Although the result of an unfortunate handling error, these co‐infections proved instructive, because they showed that the cost of infection with Spiroplasma may be attenuated in the presence of Regiella. These results suggest that mechanisms other than protection against A. ervi maintain pea aphid infections with diverse strains of Spiroplasma, and that studying them in isolation will not provide a complete picture of their effects on host fitness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Hugo Mathé‐Hubert; Heidi Kaech; Pravin Ganesanandamoorthy; Christoph Vorburger. Evolutionary costs and benefits of infection with diverse strains of Spiroplasma in pea aphids*. Evolution 2019, 73, 1466 -1481.
AMA StyleHugo Mathé‐Hubert, Heidi Kaech, Pravin Ganesanandamoorthy, Christoph Vorburger. Evolutionary costs and benefits of infection with diverse strains of Spiroplasma in pea aphids*. Evolution. 2019; 73 (7):1466-1481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugo Mathé‐Hubert; Heidi Kaech; Pravin Ganesanandamoorthy; Christoph Vorburger. 2019. "Evolutionary costs and benefits of infection with diverse strains of Spiroplasma in pea aphids*." Evolution 73, no. 7: 1466-1481.
Virtually all higher organisms form holobionts with associated microbiota. To understand the biology of holobionts we need to know how species assemble and interact. Controlled experiments are suited to study interactions between particular symbionts, but they can only inform about a tiny portion of the diversity within each species. Alternatively, interactions can be inferred from associations among symbionts in the field that are more or less frequent than expected under random assortment. However, random assortment may not be a valid null hypothesis for maternally transmitted symbionts in finite populations, where drift alone can result in associations. Here we report results from a European field survey of endosymbionts in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and we develop a model to study the effect of drift on symbiont associations under different population sizes, considering varying rates of horizontal and maternal transmission. The model showed that even though horizontal transmissions and maternal transmission failures tend to randomise symbiont associations, drift can induce significant departures from random assortment, at least in moderate-sized populations. Based on these results, we carefully interpret our field survey and we re-visit the association between Spiroplasma and Wolbachia in Drosophila neotestacea reported by Jaenike et al. (2010). For this and for several significant associations between symbionts in European pea aphids we conclude that under reasonable assumptions of effective population size, they are indeed likely to be maintained by biased co-transmission or selection. Our study shows that formulating appropriate null expectations can strengthen the biological inference from co-occurrence patterns in the field.
Mathé-Hubert Hugo; Heidi Kaech; Corinne Hertaeg; Christoph Vorburger; Hugo Mathe-Hubert. Non-random associations of maternally transmitted symbionts in insects: The roles of drift versus co-transmission and selection. 2018, 364653 .
AMA StyleMathé-Hubert Hugo, Heidi Kaech, Corinne Hertaeg, Christoph Vorburger, Hugo Mathe-Hubert. Non-random associations of maternally transmitted symbionts in insects: The roles of drift versus co-transmission and selection. . 2018; ():364653.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathé-Hubert Hugo; Heidi Kaech; Corinne Hertaeg; Christoph Vorburger; Hugo Mathe-Hubert. 2018. "Non-random associations of maternally transmitted symbionts in insects: The roles of drift versus co-transmission and selection." , no. : 364653.
There is growing interest in biological control as a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to control pest insects. Aphids are among the most detrimental agricultural pests worldwide, and parasitoid wasps are frequently employed for their control. The use of asexual parasitoids may improve the effectiveness of biological control because only females kill hosts and because asexual populations have a higher growth rate than sexuals. However, asexuals may have a reduced capacity to track evolutionary change in their host populations. We used a factorial experiment to compare the ability of sexual and asexual populations of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum to control caged populations of black bean aphids (Aphis fabae) of high and low clonal diversity. The aphids came from a natural population, and one-third of the aphid clones harbored Hamiltonella defensa, a heritable bacterial endosymbiont that increases resistance to parasitoids. We followed aphid and parasitoid population dynamics for 3 months but found no evidence that the reproductive mode of parasitoids affected their effectiveness as biocontrol agents, independent of host clonal diversity. Parasitoids failed to control aphids in most cases, because their introduction resulted in strong selection for clones protected by H. defensa. The increasingly resistant aphid populations escaped control by parasitoids, and we even observed parasitoid extinctions in many cages. The rapid evolution of symbiont-conferred resistance in turn imposed selection on parasitoids. In cages where asexual parasitoids persisted until the end of the experiment, they became dominated by a single genotype able to overcome the protection provided by H. defensa. Thus, there was evidence for parasitoid counteradaptation, but it was generally too slow for parasitoids to regain control over aphid populations. It appears that when pest aphids possess defensive symbionts, the presence of parasitoid genotypes able to overcome symbiont-conferred resistance is more important for biocontrol success than their reproductive mode.
Heidi Käch; Hugo Mathé‐Hubert; Alice Dennis; Christoph Vorburger. Rapid evolution of symbiont-mediated resistance compromises biological control of aphids by parasitoids. Evolutionary Applications 2017, 11, 220 -230.
AMA StyleHeidi Käch, Hugo Mathé‐Hubert, Alice Dennis, Christoph Vorburger. Rapid evolution of symbiont-mediated resistance compromises biological control of aphids by parasitoids. Evolutionary Applications. 2017; 11 (2):220-230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeidi Käch; Hugo Mathé‐Hubert; Alice Dennis; Christoph Vorburger. 2017. "Rapid evolution of symbiont-mediated resistance compromises biological control of aphids by parasitoids." Evolutionary Applications 11, no. 2: 220-230.
Venom composition of parasitoid wasps attracts increasing interest – notably molecules ensuring parasitism success on arthropod pests – but its variation within and among taxa is not yet understood. We have identified here the main venom proteins of two braconid wasps, Psyttalia lounsburyi (two strains from South Africa and Kenya) and P. concolor, olive fruit fly parasitoids that differ in host range. Among the shared abundant proteins, we found a GH1 β-glucosidase and a family of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. Olive is extremely rich in glycoside compounds that are hydrolyzed by β-glucosidases into defensive toxic products in response to phytophagous insect attacks. Assuming that Psyttalia host larvae sequester ingested glycosides, the injected venom GH1 β-glucosidase could induce the release of toxic compounds, thus participating in parasitism success by weakening the host. Venom LRR proteins are similar to truncated Toll-like receptors and may possibly scavenge the host immunity. The abundance of one of these LRR proteins in the venom of only one of the two P. lounsburyi strains evidences intraspecific variation in venom composition. Altogether, venom intra- and inter-specific variation in Psyttalia spp. were much lower than previously reported in the Leptopilina genus (Figitidae), suggesting it might depend upon the parasitoid taxa.
Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Dominique Colinet; Emeline Deleury; Maya Belghazi; Marc Ravallec; Julie Poulain; Carole Dossat; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. Comparative venomics of Psyttalia lounsburyi and P. concolor, two olive fruit fly parasitoids: a hypothetical role for a GH1 β-glucosidase. Scientific Reports 2016, 6, 35873 .
AMA StyleHugo Mathé-Hubert, Dominique Colinet, Emeline Deleury, Maya Belghazi, Marc Ravallec, Julie Poulain, Carole Dossat, Marylène Poirié, Jean-Luc Gatti. Comparative venomics of Psyttalia lounsburyi and P. concolor, two olive fruit fly parasitoids: a hypothetical role for a GH1 β-glucosidase. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6 (1):35873.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugo Mathé-Hubert; Dominique Colinet; Emeline Deleury; Maya Belghazi; Marc Ravallec; Julie Poulain; Carole Dossat; Marylène Poirié; Jean-Luc Gatti. 2016. "Comparative venomics of Psyttalia lounsburyi and P. concolor, two olive fruit fly parasitoids: a hypothetical role for a GH1 β-glucosidase." Scientific Reports 6, no. 1: 35873.
Understanding the forces that shape eco‐evolutionary patterns often requires linking phenotypes to genotypes, allowing characterization of these patterns at the molecular level. DNA‐based markers are less informative in this aim compared to markers associated with gene expression, and more specifically with protein quantities. The characterization of eco‐evolutionary patterns also usually requires the analysis of large sample sizes to accurately estimate inter‐individual variability. However, the methods used to quantify proteins are generally expensive and time consuming, which constrains the size of the produced datasets to few individuals. We present here a method that estimates the inter‐individual variability of protein quantities based on a global, semi‐automatic analysis of 1D electrophoretic profiles, opening the way to rapid analysis and comparison of hundreds of individuals. The main original features of the method are the in silico normalization of sample protein quantities using pictures of electrophoresis gels at different staining levels, as well as the detection of reference bands on a median profile. We demonstrate that this method can accurately discriminate between species and between geographically distant or close populations, based on inter‐individual variation in venom protein profiles from three endoparasitoid wasps of two different genera (Psyttalia concolor, Psyttalia lounsburyi and Leptopilina boulardi). Finally, we discuss the experimental designs that would benefit from the development of this method. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Hugo Mathe-Hubert; Jean-Luc Gatti; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirie; Thibaut Malausa. Statistical analysis of the individual variability of 1D protein profiles as a tool in ecology: an application to parasitoid venom. Molecular Ecology Resources 2015, 15, 1120 -1132.
AMA StyleHugo Mathe-Hubert, Jean-Luc Gatti, Dominique Colinet, Marylène Poirie, Thibaut Malausa. Statistical analysis of the individual variability of 1D protein profiles as a tool in ecology: an application to parasitoid venom. Molecular Ecology Resources. 2015; 15 (5):1120-1132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugo Mathe-Hubert; Jean-Luc Gatti; Dominique Colinet; Marylène Poirie; Thibaut Malausa. 2015. "Statistical analysis of the individual variability of 1D protein profiles as a tool in ecology: an application to parasitoid venom." Molecular Ecology Resources 15, no. 5: 1120-1132.
Several parasitoids of the genus Psyttalia have been repeatedly introduced as biological control agents against the principal pest of olive, the fly Bactrocera oleae. However, few of the parasitoids released have become established and proved effective against B. oleae. It may however still be possible to find effective biological control agents adapted to local environmental conditions among the highly diverse Psyttalia species and populations infesting B. oleae worldwide. For this purpose, we have developed a rapid, sensitive molecular method based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for estimating and comparing the parasitism success of Psyttalia parasitoids through the detection of eggs and larvae within the host. This method was tested and shown to be appropriate for two Psyttalia species (Psyttalia concolor and Psyttalia lounsburyi). The possible detection of DNA was also demonstrated for several populations of these species and for other Psyttalia species, namely Psyttalia humilis and Psyttalia ponerophaga. For P. concolor and P. lounsburyi, a strong correlation was observed between the parasitism rates estimated by PCR, host larva dissection and counts of emerging parasitoids. No significant difference was found between the rates of parasitism estimated by host larva dissection and PCR, whereas the rates of parasitism estimated by PCR were significantly higher than those estimated from emergence, suggesting occurrence of mortality during the parasitoid development. This PCR method is thus highly reliable and provides an objective criterion for estimating the efficacy of biological control agent candidates from diverse taxa and populations of Psyttalia.
Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié; Thibaut Malausa. A PCR-based method for estimating parasitism rates in the olive fly parasitoids Psyttalia concolor and P. lounsburyi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control 2013, 67, 44 -50.
AMA StyleHugo Mathé-Hubert, Jean-Luc Gatti, Marylène Poirié, Thibaut Malausa. A PCR-based method for estimating parasitism rates in the olive fly parasitoids Psyttalia concolor and P. lounsburyi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control. 2013; 67 (1):44-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugo Mathé-Hubert; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié; Thibaut Malausa. 2013. "A PCR-based method for estimating parasitism rates in the olive fly parasitoids Psyttalia concolor and P. lounsburyi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." Biological Control 67, no. 1: 44-50.
Endoparasitoid wasps develop at the expense of other insects, leading to their death. Eggs deposited inside the host body induce an immune response, which results in the formation of a melanized cellular capsule around the egg. To evade or counteract this response, endoparasitoids have evolved different strategies, the most often reported being injection into the host of immunosuppressive factors, notably venom proteins, along with the egg. The analysis of venom components has been performed independently in species of different taxa, but the present picture is far from complete. Intriguingly, the question of the level of venom variability inside species has been neglected, although it may partly determine the potential for parasitoid adaptation. Here, we present a short review of our present knowledge of venom components in endoparasitoids, as well as of the only well-known example of intraspecific variability in a venom immune suppressive protein being responsible for variation in parasitoid virulence. We then present data evidencing inter-individual variation of venom protein profiles, using a gel electrophoresis approach, both in laboratory strains and field populations of a figitid and a braconid species. Whether occurrence of such variability may permit a selection of parasitoid venom components driven by the host remains to be tested, notably in the context of the production and use of biological control auxiliaries.
Dominique Colinet; Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Roland Allemand; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié. Variability of venom components in immune suppressive parasitoid wasps: From a phylogenetic to a population approach. Journal of Insect Physiology 2013, 59, 205 -212.
AMA StyleDominique Colinet, Hugo Mathé-Hubert, Roland Allemand, Jean-Luc Gatti, Marylène Poirié. Variability of venom components in immune suppressive parasitoid wasps: From a phylogenetic to a population approach. Journal of Insect Physiology. 2013; 59 (2):205-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominique Colinet; Hugo Mathé-Hubert; Roland Allemand; Jean-Luc Gatti; Marylène Poirié. 2013. "Variability of venom components in immune suppressive parasitoid wasps: From a phylogenetic to a population approach." Journal of Insect Physiology 59, no. 2: 205-212.