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Juliane Bönecke
Research and Transfer Centre “Sustainability and Climate Change Management”, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany

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Review
Published: 14 January 2021 in Sustainability
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The Urban Heat Islands (UHI) effect is a microclimatic phenomenon that especially affects urban areas. It is associated with significant temperature increases in the local microclimate, and may amplify heat waves. Due to their intensity, UHI causes not only thermal discomfort, but also reductions in the levels of life quality. This paper reviews the important role of green infrastructure as a means through which the intensity of UHI may be reduced, along with their negative impact on human comfort and wellbeing. Apart from a comprehensive review of the available literature, the paper reports on an analysis of case studies in a set of 14 cities in 13 countries representing various geographical regions and climate zones. The results obtained suggest that whereas UHI is a common phenomenon, green infrastructure in urban areas may under some conditions ameliorate their impacts. In addition, the study revealed that the scope and impacts of UHI are not uniform: depending on peculiarities of urban morphologies, they pose different challenges linked to the microclimate peculiar to each city. The implications of this paper are threefold. Firstly, it reiterates the complex interrelations of UHIs, heat waves and climate change. Secondly, it outlines the fact that keeping and increasing urban green resources leads to additional various benefits that may directly or indirectly reduce the impacts of UHI. Finally, the paper reiterates the need for city planners to pay more attention to possible UHI effects when initiating new building projects or when adjusting current ones.

ACS Style

Walter Leal Filho; Franziska Wolf; Ricardo Castro-Díaz; Chunlan Li; Vincent Ojeh; Nestor Gutiérrez; Gustavo Nagy; Stevan Savić; Claudia Natenzon; Abul Quasem Al-Amin; Marija Maruna; Juliane Bönecke. Addressing the Urban Heat Islands Effect: A Cross-Country Assessment of the Role of Green Infrastructure. Sustainability 2021, 13, 753 .

AMA Style

Walter Leal Filho, Franziska Wolf, Ricardo Castro-Díaz, Chunlan Li, Vincent Ojeh, Nestor Gutiérrez, Gustavo Nagy, Stevan Savić, Claudia Natenzon, Abul Quasem Al-Amin, Marija Maruna, Juliane Bönecke. Addressing the Urban Heat Islands Effect: A Cross-Country Assessment of the Role of Green Infrastructure. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):753.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Leal Filho; Franziska Wolf; Ricardo Castro-Díaz; Chunlan Li; Vincent Ojeh; Nestor Gutiérrez; Gustavo Nagy; Stevan Savić; Claudia Natenzon; Abul Quasem Al-Amin; Marija Maruna; Juliane Bönecke. 2021. "Addressing the Urban Heat Islands Effect: A Cross-Country Assessment of the Role of Green Infrastructure." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 753.

Review
Published: 14 December 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Climate change is known to affect Pacific Island nations in a variety of ways. One of them is by increasing the vulnerability of human health induced by various climate change impacts, which pose an additional burden to the already distressed health systems in the region. This paper explores the associations between climate change and human health on the one hand, and outlines some of the health care challenges posed by a changing climate on the other. In particular, it describes the links between climate variations and the emergence of climate-sensitive infectious diseases, such as the mosquito-borne diseases dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The paper also presents a summary of the key findings of the research initiatives Climate Change and Prevalence Study of ZIKA Virus Diseases in Fiji and the findings from the World Mosquito Program as two examples of public health action in the Pacific region.

ACS Style

Walter Leal Filho; Svenja Scheday; Juliane Boenecke; Abhijit Gogoi; Anish Maharaj; SamuelA Korovou. Climate Change, Health and Mosquito-Borne Diseases: Trends and Implications to the Pacific Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 5114 .

AMA Style

Walter Leal Filho, Svenja Scheday, Juliane Boenecke, Abhijit Gogoi, Anish Maharaj, SamuelA Korovou. Climate Change, Health and Mosquito-Borne Diseases: Trends and Implications to the Pacific Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (24):5114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Leal Filho; Svenja Scheday; Juliane Boenecke; Abhijit Gogoi; Anish Maharaj; SamuelA Korovou. 2019. "Climate Change, Health and Mosquito-Borne Diseases: Trends and Implications to the Pacific Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 5114.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Plastic debris is a worldwide problem. This is particularly acute in the Pacific region, where its scale is a reason for serious concerns. There is an obvious need for studies to assess the extent to which plastic debris affects the Pacific. Therefore, this research aims to address this need by undertaking a systematic assessment of the ecological and health impacts of plastic debris on Pacific islands. Using pertinent historical qualitative and quantitative data of the distribution of plastic debris in the region, this study identified pollution and contamination trends and risks to ecosystems, and suggests some measures which may be deployed to address the identified problems. The study illustrates the fact that Pacific Island States are being disproportionately affected by plastic, and reiterates that further studies and integrated strategies are needed, involving public education and empowerment, governmental action, as well as ecologically sustainable industry leadership. It is also clear that more research is needed in respect of developing alternatives to conventional plastic, by the production of bio-plastic, i.e. plastic which is produced from natural (e.g. non-fossil fuel-based sources) materials, and which can be fully biodegradable.

ACS Style

Walter Leal Filho; Peni Hausia Havea; Abdul-Lateef Balogun; Juliane Boenecke; Anish Anit Maharaj; Michael Ha'Apio; Sarah L. Hemstock. Plastic debris on Pacific Islands: Ecological and health implications. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 670, 181 -187.

AMA Style

Walter Leal Filho, Peni Hausia Havea, Abdul-Lateef Balogun, Juliane Boenecke, Anish Anit Maharaj, Michael Ha'Apio, Sarah L. Hemstock. Plastic debris on Pacific Islands: Ecological and health implications. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 670 ():181-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Leal Filho; Peni Hausia Havea; Abdul-Lateef Balogun; Juliane Boenecke; Anish Anit Maharaj; Michael Ha'Apio; Sarah L. Hemstock. 2019. "Plastic debris on Pacific Islands: Ecological and health implications." Science of The Total Environment 670, no. : 181-187.