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Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Marita Edlund; Dan Bergström; Ola Lindroos. Productivity and profitability of harvesting overgrown roadside verges – a Swedish case study. International Journal of Forest Engineering 2020, 32, 19 -28.
AMA StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz, Marita Edlund, Dan Bergström, Ola Lindroos. Productivity and profitability of harvesting overgrown roadside verges – a Swedish case study. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 2020; 32 (1):19-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz; Marita Edlund; Dan Bergström; Ola Lindroos. 2020. "Productivity and profitability of harvesting overgrown roadside verges – a Swedish case study." International Journal of Forest Engineering 32, no. 1: 19-28.
Research Highlights: The use of terminals can increase supply costs by 5–11% (when compared to direct supply), but terminals help secure supply during peak demand and cope with operational problems in the supply fleet in cases where direct supply chains would be unable to meet demand on time. Background and Objectives: This work analyses the supply cost of chipped logging residues and small-diameter trees, from chipping at roadside storages to delivery to the end-user. Factors considered include demand curves (based on the requirements of a theoretical combined heat and power plant or biorefinery); demand volume; and mode of supply (direct or combined via terminal). The impact of longer trucking distances from the sites, and supply integration between forest and other land (varying relocation distances) was also assessed. Materials and Methods: The operational environment and work of a theoretical chip supplier in northern Sweden were modelled and simulated in ExtendSim®. Results: The mean supply cost of chips was 9% higher on average for combined chains than for direct chains. Given a high demand, 8% of the annual demand could not be delivered on time without using a terminal. High supply integration of forest and other land reduced supply costs by 2%. Contractors’ annual workloads were evened out by direct supply to the biorefinery (which has a relatively steady demand) or supply via-terminal independently of the end-user. Keeping distinct chips from different sites (implying that trucks were not always fully loaded) instead of mixing chips from different sites until the trucks were fully loaded increased supply costs by 12%. Conclusions: Terminals increase supply costs, but can enable demand to be met on time when direct supply chains alone might fail. Integrated supply planning could reduce supply costs by increasing the utilization of residual biomass from other land.
Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Anders Eriksson; Dan Bergström. Simulation-Based Cost Analysis of Industrial Supply of Chips from Logging Residues and Small-Diameter Trees. Forests 2019, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz, Anders Eriksson, Dan Bergström. Simulation-Based Cost Analysis of Industrial Supply of Chips from Logging Residues and Small-Diameter Trees. Forests. 2019; 11 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz; Anders Eriksson; Dan Bergström. 2019. "Simulation-Based Cost Analysis of Industrial Supply of Chips from Logging Residues and Small-Diameter Trees." Forests 11, no. 1: 1.
Compaction and rutting on forest soils are consequences of harvesting operations. The traditional methods used to investigate these consequences are time consuming and unable to represent the entire longitudinal profile for a forest trail. New methods based on photogrammetry have been developed. The overall objective was to compare photogrammetry and traditional methods (e.g. cone penetrometer, manual rut depth measurements, bulk density and porosity) used for the evaluation of soil compaction and rutting (i.e. depth and rut volume) after multiple passes of a loaded forwarder using two different tyre pressure levels. The comparison of photogrammetric versus manually measured profiles resulted in R2 0.93. Both tyre inflation pressure and number of passes had effect on soil disturbance. The rut volumes on 100 m long trails after 60 passes were 8.48 and 5.74 m3 for tire pressures of 300 and 150 kPa, respectively. Increased rut volume correlated positively with increased soil compaction and decreased soil porosity. Structure-from-motion photogrammetry is an accurate method for informing the creation of high-resolution digital evolution models and for the morphological description of forest soil disturbance after forest logging. However, a problem with photogrammetry is object reflection (grass, logging residues and water) that in some cases influence the accuracy of the method.
Elena Marra; Martina Cambi; Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Francesca Giannetti; Enrico Marchi; Tomas Nordfjell. Photogrammetric estimation of wheel rut dimensions and soil compaction after increasing numbers of forwarder passes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2018, 33, 613 -620.
AMA StyleElena Marra, Martina Cambi, Raul Fernandez-Lacruz, Francesca Giannetti, Enrico Marchi, Tomas Nordfjell. Photogrammetric estimation of wheel rut dimensions and soil compaction after increasing numbers of forwarder passes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 2018; 33 (6):613-620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Marra; Martina Cambi; Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Francesca Giannetti; Enrico Marchi; Tomas Nordfjell. 2018. "Photogrammetric estimation of wheel rut dimensions and soil compaction after increasing numbers of forwarder passes." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 6: 613-620.
Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Dan Bergström. Windrowing and fuel-chip quality of residual forest biomasses in northern Sweden. International Journal of Forest Engineering 2017, 28, 186 -197.
AMA StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz, Dan Bergström. Windrowing and fuel-chip quality of residual forest biomasses in northern Sweden. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 2017; 28 (3):186-197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz; Dan Bergström. 2017. "Windrowing and fuel-chip quality of residual forest biomasses in northern Sweden." International Journal of Forest Engineering 28, no. 3: 186-197.
Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Fulvio Di Fulvio; Dimitris Athanassiadis; Dan Bergström; Tomas Nordfjell. Characteristics of unthinned biomass-dense forests in Sweden and their location in relation to industry. Silva Fennica 2015, 49, 1 .
AMA StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz, Fulvio Di Fulvio, Dimitris Athanassiadis, Dan Bergström, Tomas Nordfjell. Characteristics of unthinned biomass-dense forests in Sweden and their location in relation to industry. Silva Fennica. 2015; 49 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz; Fulvio Di Fulvio; Dimitris Athanassiadis; Dan Bergström; Tomas Nordfjell. 2015. "Characteristics of unthinned biomass-dense forests in Sweden and their location in relation to industry." Silva Fennica 49, no. 5: 1.
Industries that trade in biomaterials require new and reliable methods for rapidly determining the moisture content (MC) of solid biomass. It is therefore important to develop and test alternative technologies that can fulfil the requirements of all parties in the wood fuel trading chain and provide real-time, accurate and representative MC measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a commercial high-frequency (HF) technology (originally developed to analyse potting soils) as a tool for determining the MC of comminuted solid biofuels. The measurements obtained using the HF technology were compared to measurements obtained using the gravimetric method from the European standard EN 14774-2:2009. The HF measurements were most accurate for feedstocks with homogeneous particle size distributions such as wood chips, sawdust and peat [root mean square error (RMSE) 3.1–4.5%]. Less accurate results were achieved for wood fuels with large particles and gaps between particles, such as crushed stem wood (RMSE 8.4%). If the system was adapted to improve its performance for heterogeneous particle size distributions, it should yield acceptably accurate MC estimates. Because of its potential in online analysis, it should therefore be regarded as a potential alternative to existing methods for MC measurement and merits further investigation.
Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Dan Bergström. Assessment of high-frequency technologies for determining the moisture content of comminuted solid wood fuels. Wood Material Science & Engineering 2014, 11, 13 -24.
AMA StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz, Dan Bergström. Assessment of high-frequency technologies for determining the moisture content of comminuted solid wood fuels. Wood Material Science & Engineering. 2014; 11 (1):13-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz; Dan Bergström. 2014. "Assessment of high-frequency technologies for determining the moisture content of comminuted solid wood fuels." Wood Material Science & Engineering 11, no. 1: 13-24.
Raul Fernandez-Lacruz; Fulvio Di Fulvio; Dan Bergström. Productivity and profitability of harvesting power line corridors for bioenergy. Silva Fennica 2013, 47, 1 .
AMA StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz, Fulvio Di Fulvio, Dan Bergström. Productivity and profitability of harvesting power line corridors for bioenergy. Silva Fennica. 2013; 47 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaul Fernandez-Lacruz; Fulvio Di Fulvio; Dan Bergström. 2013. "Productivity and profitability of harvesting power line corridors for bioenergy." Silva Fennica 47, no. 1: 1.