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Dr. Fahad Al-Zahrani
Computer Engineering Department, College of computer and information systems, Umm Al-Qura University

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0 Performance Analysis
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0 Optical Networks
0 Wireless Adhoc networks

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Journal article
Published: 05 June 2021 in Alexandria Engineering Journal
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This article introduced a double guided ring-based spiral photonic crystal fiber (S-PCF) supporting both the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and linear polarization (LP) mode simultaneously with the efficient transmission. The outcomes exhibition that the designed S-PCF have good optical features such as less confinement loss (4.05342 × 10−12 dB/m for the EH9,1 mode), better mode quality and ISO (up to 98.87% and 126 dB, respectively), supported a decent amount of modes which is numerically 64 OAM and 6 LP modes, maintaining the large refractive index differences (>10-4) of all the eigenmodes, and a relatively flat dispersion variation (0.0743 ps/km-nm for the EH1,1 mode). Also, we obtained the crosstalk less than −12 dB and the power fraction is approximately 93%-99% of the S-PCF. All the optimizing properties are obtained using the full-vector finite element method (FEM) and also the perfectly matched layer (PML) as a boundary condition. Thus, the above mentioned optimizing propagation characteristic based S-PCF has effective applications like reliable long-distance communication into the space division multiplexing (SDM) process of the large-capacity fiber communication systems.

ACS Style

Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani; Mehedi Hassan. Enhancement of OAM and LP modes based on double guided ring fiber for high capacity optical communication. Alexandria Engineering Journal 2021, 60, 5065 -5076.

AMA Style

Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani, Mehedi Hassan. Enhancement of OAM and LP modes based on double guided ring fiber for high capacity optical communication. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2021; 60 (6):5065-5076.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani; Mehedi Hassan. 2021. "Enhancement of OAM and LP modes based on double guided ring fiber for high capacity optical communication." Alexandria Engineering Journal 60, no. 6: 5065-5076.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in Photonics
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The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light is used for increasing the optical communication capacity in the mode division multiplexing (MDM) technique. A novel and simple structure of ring-core photonic crystal fiber (RC-PCF) is proposed in this paper. The ring core is doped by the Schott sulfur difluoride material and the cladding region is composed of fused silica with one layer of well-patterned air-holes. The guiding of Terahertz (THz) OAM beams with 58 OAM modes over 0.70 THz (0.20 THz–0.90 THz) frequency is supported by this proposed RC-PCF. The OAM modes are well-separated for their large refractive index difference above 104. The dispersion profile of each mode is varied in the range of 0.23–7.77 ps/THz/cm. The ultra-low confinement loss around 109 dB/cm and better mode purity up to 0.932 is achieved by this RC-PCF. For these good properties, the proposed fiber is a promising candidate to be applied in the THz OAM transmission systems with high feasibility and high capacity.

ACS Style

Fahad Al-Zahrani; Anowar Kabir. Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber of Terahertz Orbital Angular Momentum Modes with Excellence Guiding Properties in Optical Fiber Communication. Photonics 2021, 8, 122 .

AMA Style

Fahad Al-Zahrani, Anowar Kabir. Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber of Terahertz Orbital Angular Momentum Modes with Excellence Guiding Properties in Optical Fiber Communication. Photonics. 2021; 8 (4):122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fahad Al-Zahrani; Anowar Kabir. 2021. "Ring-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber of Terahertz Orbital Angular Momentum Modes with Excellence Guiding Properties in Optical Fiber Communication." Photonics 8, no. 4: 122.

Article
Published: 23 February 2021 in Plasmonics
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This study demonstrates considerable sensitivity response using different materials for an H-shaped surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. The phenomenon provides selective sensitivity response with different organic materials. The structure consists of coupled metal along with an analyte. Analyte that employs the SPR effects which is sensitive to material changes with the surrounding refractive index. The optical properties of used metals are evaluated on the emerged permeability and permittivity ascertained by the combined Drude and Lorentz model. Varieties of some organic materials to control the SP are investigated. Annealing of gold, palladium, titanium, and silver thin films, the model is formed. These metals can monitor the sensitivity changes of the concentration on the surface of sensor. In this study, the range of wavelength is 320–620 nm with an achieved refractive index of 1.37–1.42. The evaluated sensitivity is maximum while for silver among various metals which is almost \(\sim\) 2.17 × 104 nm/RIU.

ACS Style

Amrita Kamkar; Kawsar Ahmed; Mirza Sanjida Alam; Fahad Ahmed Al Zahrani. SPR Sensor-Based Sensitivity Performance Investigation Using an H-Shaped Model with Supportive Metal Variation. Plasmonics 2021, 16, 1327 -1337.

AMA Style

Amrita Kamkar, Kawsar Ahmed, Mirza Sanjida Alam, Fahad Ahmed Al Zahrani. SPR Sensor-Based Sensitivity Performance Investigation Using an H-Shaped Model with Supportive Metal Variation. Plasmonics. 2021; 16 (4):1327-1337.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amrita Kamkar; Kawsar Ahmed; Mirza Sanjida Alam; Fahad Ahmed Al Zahrani. 2021. "SPR Sensor-Based Sensitivity Performance Investigation Using an H-Shaped Model with Supportive Metal Variation." Plasmonics 16, no. 4: 1327-1337.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Briefings in Bioinformatics
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This study aimed to identify significant gene expression profiles of the human lung epithelial cells caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. We performed a comparative genomic analysis to show genomic observations between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. A phylogenetic tree has been carried for genomic analysis that confirmed the genomic variance between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Transcriptomic analyses have been performed for SARS-CoV-2 infection responses and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients’ lungs as a number of patients have been identified who faced PAH after being diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Gene expression profiling showed significant expression levels for SARS-CoV-2 infection responses to human lung epithelial cells and PAH lungs as well. Differentially expressed genes identification and integration showed concordant genes (SAA2, S100A9, S100A8, SAA1, S100A12 and EDN1) for both SARS-CoV-2 and PAH samples, including S100A9 and S100A8 genes that showed significant interaction in the protein–protein interactions network. Extensive analyses of gene ontology and signaling pathways identification provided evidence of inflammatory responses regarding SARS-CoV-2 infections. The altered signaling and ontology pathways that have emerged from this research may influence the development of effective drugs, especially for the people with preexisting conditions. Identification of regulatory biomolecules revealed the presence of active promoter gene of SARS-CoV-2 in Transferrin-micro Ribonucleic acid (TF-miRNA) co-regulatory network. Predictive drug analyses provided concordant drug compounds that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection responses and PAH lung samples, and these compounds showed significant immune response against the RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2, which is beneficial in therapeutic development in the COVID-19 pandemic.

ACS Style

Tasnimul Alam Taz; Kawsar Ahmed; Bikash Kumar Paul; Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani; S M Hasan Mahmud; Mohammad Ali Moni. Identification of biomarkers and pathways for the SARS-CoV-2 infections that make complexities in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. Briefings in Bioinformatics 2021, 22, 1451 -1465.

AMA Style

Tasnimul Alam Taz, Kawsar Ahmed, Bikash Kumar Paul, Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani, S M Hasan Mahmud, Mohammad Ali Moni. Identification of biomarkers and pathways for the SARS-CoV-2 infections that make complexities in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. Briefings in Bioinformatics. 2021; 22 (2):1451-1465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tasnimul Alam Taz; Kawsar Ahmed; Bikash Kumar Paul; Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani; S M Hasan Mahmud; Mohammad Ali Moni. 2021. "Identification of biomarkers and pathways for the SARS-CoV-2 infections that make complexities in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients." Briefings in Bioinformatics 22, no. 2: 1451-1465.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2021 in Optik
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All-optical networks (AON) provide larger bandwidth, faster switching, and QoS provision. High-cost node architecture with full range wavelength converters (FRWC) is used to meet application and service demands. In this paper, hybrid wavelength converters (HDWC) and wavelength range (WR) supervision are considered. Fixed (FXWC), limited (LRWC), and FRWC are combined in the different output ports resulting in a new core node architecture design. The design depends on a node topology location and its ability to reduce WR usage while guaranteeing the needed demands. In wavelength converter (WC) combination, the core node architecture is optimized by defining the number and type of WC in the available output ports using physical topology and lightpath cost. In the WR reduction, the available resource is managed to extend the lightpath availability and assure jointly traffic switching and provision according to its loss and blocking delay. Simulation work is conducted where the achieved results indicate that the core node architecture cost is effectively reduced, and the available resource utilization is improved while offering traffic requirements.

ACS Style

Yassine Khlifi; Fahad Al-Zahrani. All-optical core node modeling and optimization using hybrid wavelength conversion for QoS provision. Optik 2021, 231, 166374 .

AMA Style

Yassine Khlifi, Fahad Al-Zahrani. All-optical core node modeling and optimization using hybrid wavelength conversion for QoS provision. Optik. 2021; 231 ():166374.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yassine Khlifi; Fahad Al-Zahrani. 2021. "All-optical core node modeling and optimization using hybrid wavelength conversion for QoS provision." Optik 231, no. : 166374.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in Symmetry
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The development of web applications essentially relies on users’ demands who expect highly efficacious but cost effective software services. Managing time and cost so as to develop web applications that cater to the users’ need is a challenge for developers at present. Moreover, low-cost maintenance can only be achieved by enhancing the durability of the web applications. Identifying characteristics of durability is a complex task because the different experts have different opinions regarding the significance of characteristics that determine durability quotient of the web applications. As established by the best practices undertaken in this context, some experts consider quality to be the most important factor for determining durability. Therefore, the present study enlists multi-criteria decision-based symmetrical technique to address the multi-vector option availability for the apt selection of the characteristics for durability. Furthermore, it has also been identified that a numerical assessment of web applications’ durability can affect the service life and low-cost management in web applications. In this context, to achieve high durability and longevity in web applications, this paper attempts to illustrate and perform a numerical evaluation of durability characteristics. By understanding the various characteristics and their significance towards durability, the paper finds that the hesitant fuzzy-based symmetrical technique of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is an effective methodology for evaluating web applications’ durability. For evaluating the quality of the results and establishing their sensitivity, the authors have assessed the outcomes on six different projects of the University. Additionally, results assessed and discussed in this paper would be a conclusive reference for the developers in their attempts to develop highly durable and manageable web applications.

ACS Style

Kavita Sahu; Fahad A. Alzahrani; R. K. Srivastava; Rajeev Kumar. Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Based Symmetrical Model of Decision-Making for Estimating the Durability of Web Application. Symmetry 2020, 12, 1770 .

AMA Style

Kavita Sahu, Fahad A. Alzahrani, R. K. Srivastava, Rajeev Kumar. Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Based Symmetrical Model of Decision-Making for Estimating the Durability of Web Application. Symmetry. 2020; 12 (11):1770.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kavita Sahu; Fahad A. Alzahrani; R. K. Srivastava; Rajeev Kumar. 2020. "Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Based Symmetrical Model of Decision-Making for Estimating the Durability of Web Application." Symmetry 12, no. 11: 1770.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2020 in Alexandria Engineering Journal
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This study presented a novel shape photonic crystal fiber based gas sensor for the first time. Perfectly circular shape air hole are arranged to form core and cladding region. Based on full vector finite element method (FV-FEM) and circular shape perfectly matched layer (PML) the designed sensor has been investigated. The model field, effective mode index, sensitivity, confinement loss, effective mode area, nonlinearity, V parameter of the sensor fiber fundamental mode are investigated through FEM based commercial software package COMSOL Multiphysics. Numerical simulations evidences that the sensor shows the sensitivity responses of 64.69% and confinement loss of 4.38 × 10-06 dB/cm at the transmission wavelength λ = 1.55 µm. Besides, the sensor achieves single mode operation over the whole operating wavelength. Based on these excellent optical behaviors of the designed sensor it can be undoubtedly expect that, this sensor will play an influential role detecting gas molecules as well as PCF based optical sensing areas.

ACS Style

Bikash Kumar Paul; Kawsar Ahmed; Vigneswaran Dhasarathan; Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani; Mst. Nargis Aktar; Muhammad Shahin Uddin; Arafa H. Aly. Investigation of gas sensor based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy using photonic crystal fiber. Alexandria Engineering Journal 2020, 59, 5045 -5052.

AMA Style

Bikash Kumar Paul, Kawsar Ahmed, Vigneswaran Dhasarathan, Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani, Mst. Nargis Aktar, Muhammad Shahin Uddin, Arafa H. Aly. Investigation of gas sensor based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy using photonic crystal fiber. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2020; 59 (6):5045-5052.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bikash Kumar Paul; Kawsar Ahmed; Vigneswaran Dhasarathan; Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani; Mst. Nargis Aktar; Muhammad Shahin Uddin; Arafa H. Aly. 2020. "Investigation of gas sensor based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy using photonic crystal fiber." Alexandria Engineering Journal 59, no. 6: 5045-5052.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2020 in Alexandria Engineering Journal
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In this article, we propose, investigate, and analyze a novel designed two guided modes regions ring-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with relatively greater effective refractive index separation and also high isolation value which can be negligible the crosstalk among the guided channels. The designed PCF can be well supported up to 76 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and 6 linear polarization (LP) modes over 800 nm bandwidth. The background and ring-core materials of the proposed PCF are silicon and Shcott sulfur difluoride (SF2) glass, respectively. All characteristic features of the proposed PCF are successively analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) and the perfectly matched layer (PML) as a boundary condition within the COMSOL Multiphysics simulator. The designed PCF possess the good propagation features because the results show that the better mode quality (96%), the isolation value is kept above 72 dB that produces the very low crosstalk between the guided channels, high numerical aperture, relatively flat and small dispersion variations, and low confinement loss, etc. Therefore, these outstanding properties of the designed PCF prove that it has potential applications to enable the large-capacity transmission along with the high-speed optics communications.

ACS Style

Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani; Kawsar Ahmed. Novel design of dual guided photonic crystal fiber for large capacity transmission in high-speed optics communications with supporting good quality OAM and LP modes. Alexandria Engineering Journal 2020, 59, 4889 -4899.

AMA Style

Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani, Kawsar Ahmed. Novel design of dual guided photonic crystal fiber for large capacity transmission in high-speed optics communications with supporting good quality OAM and LP modes. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2020; 59 (6):4889-4899.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani; Kawsar Ahmed. 2020. "Novel design of dual guided photonic crystal fiber for large capacity transmission in high-speed optics communications with supporting good quality OAM and LP modes." Alexandria Engineering Journal 59, no. 6: 4889-4899.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2020 in IEEE Access
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In modern times, many individuals, businesses and the Internet of Things (IoT) integrated industries collect huge amounts of meaningful data daily, which may be beneficial for other individuals and businesses as well. By utilizing this data, future trends to make the right decisions on the bases of facts and figures are analyzed efficiently. In addition to that, many new ways are paved for researchers to utilize this data in their upcoming research. However, due to some major issues like security, privacy and access control of data, data owners avoid sharing data among themselves. Another main problem is the selfish behavior of data owners. Businesses also act selfishly and invest huge amounts of money to collect and maintain the data for their benefits. Therefore, data owners are hesitant to share their data with others without the availability of a fair profit and secure data-sharing platform. Moreover, consumers are not much motivated to buy data from Data Providers (DPs) due to its bad quality and inconsistency. The data provided by data owners is mostly incomplete, outdated, heterogeneous and costly. In this paper, a subscription-based data-sharing model is proposed by leveraging the blockchain technology and Data as a Service (DaaS) concept. In this model, users subscribe to a DP for a specific period to get access to the data and pay according to the subscription plan. The DP keeps receiving revenue recurrently for a long-time, which has a huge profit margin in comparison with selling data at once. Furthermore, two major pricing models, Flat Rate Pricing (FRP) and Usage-Based Pricing (UBP), are discussed to set standards for data owners to monetize their data, and a new hybrid pricing model is also proposed. Blockchain technology is utilized in the proposed model to make it secure, transparent and immutable. To investigate the performance of the proposed model, a private blockchain network is deployed using a web interface provided by MultiChain blockchain. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is feasible and efficient. The theoretical discussion proves that the proposed model is beneficial for both data owners and data consumers and has a good scope in the future for data management and trading processes.

ACS Style

Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani. Subscription-Based Data-Sharing Model Using Blockchain and Data as a Service. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 115966 -115981.

AMA Style

Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani. Subscription-Based Data-Sharing Model Using Blockchain and Data as a Service. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():115966-115981.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani. 2020. "Subscription-Based Data-Sharing Model Using Blockchain and Data as a Service." IEEE Access 8, no. : 115966-115981.

Journal article
Published: 21 April 2020 in Sustainability
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With the increase in local energy generation from Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), the concept of decentralized peer-to-peer Local Energy Market (LEM) is becoming popular. In this paper, a blockchain-based LEM is investigated, where consumers and prosumers in a small community trade energy without the need for a third party. In the proposed model, a Home Energy Management (HEM) system and demurrage mechanism are introduced, which allow both the prosumers and consumers to optimize their energy consumption and to minimize electricity costs. This method also allows end-users to shift their load to off-peak hours and to use cheap energy from the LEM. The proposed solution shows how energy consumption and electricity cost are optimized using HEM and demurrage mechanism. It also provides economic benefits at both the community and end-user levels and provides sufficient energy to the LEM. The simulation results show that electricity cost is reduced up to 44.73% and 28.55% when the scheduling algorithm is applied using the Critical Peak Price (CPP) and Real-Time Price (RTP) schemes, respectively. Similarly, 65.15% and 35.09% of costs are reduced when CPP and RTP are applied with demurrage mechanism. Moreover, 51.80% and 44.37% electricity costs reduction is observed when CPP and RTP are used with both demurrage and scheduling algorithm. We also carried out security vulnerability analysis to ensure that our energy trading smart contract is secure and bug-free against the common vulnerabilities and attacks.

ACS Style

Adamu Sani Yahaya; Nadeem Javaid; Fahad A. Alzahrani; Amjad Rehman; Ibrar Ullah; Affaf Shahid; Muhammad Shafiq. Blockchain Based Sustainable Local Energy Trading Considering Home Energy Management and Demurrage Mechanism. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3385 .

AMA Style

Adamu Sani Yahaya, Nadeem Javaid, Fahad A. Alzahrani, Amjad Rehman, Ibrar Ullah, Affaf Shahid, Muhammad Shafiq. Blockchain Based Sustainable Local Energy Trading Considering Home Energy Management and Demurrage Mechanism. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adamu Sani Yahaya; Nadeem Javaid; Fahad A. Alzahrani; Amjad Rehman; Ibrar Ullah; Affaf Shahid; Muhammad Shafiq. 2020. "Blockchain Based Sustainable Local Energy Trading Considering Home Energy Management and Demurrage Mechanism." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3385.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2020 in IEEE Access
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Supply chains are evolving into automated and highly complex networks and are becoming an important source of potential benefits in the modern world. At the same time, consumers are now more interested in food product quality. However, it is challenging to track the provenance of data and maintain its traceability throughout the supply chain network. The traditional supply chains are centralized and they depend on a third party for trading. These centralized systems lack transparency, accountability and auditability. In our proposed solution, we have presented a completea solution for blockchain-based Agriculture and Food (Agri-Food) supply chain. It leverages the key features of blockchain and smart contracts, deployed over ethereum blockchain network. Although blockchain provides immutability of data and records in the network, it still fails to solve some major problems in supply chain management like credibility of the involved entities, accountability of the trading process and traceability of the products. Therefore, there is a need of a reliable system that ensures traceability, trust and delivery mechanism in Agri-Food supply chain. In the proposed system, all transactions are written to blockchain which ultimately uploads the data to Interplanetary File Storage System (IPFS). The storage system returns a hash of the data which is stored on blockchain and ensures efficient, secure and reliable solution. Our system provides smart contracts along with their algorithms to show interaction of entities in the system. Furthermore, simulations and evaluation of smart contracts along with the security and vulnerability analyses are also presented in this work. aCompleteness of the solution refers to fact that it provides an end to end solution for all the processes in Agri-Food supply chain.

ACS Style

Affaf Shahid; Ahmad Almogren; Nadeem Javaid; Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani; Mansour Zuair; Masoom Alam. Blockchain-Based Agri-Food Supply Chain: A Complete Solution. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 69230 -69243.

AMA Style

Affaf Shahid, Ahmad Almogren, Nadeem Javaid, Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani, Mansour Zuair, Masoom Alam. Blockchain-Based Agri-Food Supply Chain: A Complete Solution. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):69230-69243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Affaf Shahid; Ahmad Almogren; Nadeem Javaid; Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani; Mansour Zuair; Masoom Alam. 2020. "Blockchain-Based Agri-Food Supply Chain: A Complete Solution." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 69230-69243.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2020 in IEEE Access
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The contribution of this paper is two fold. It first analyses the flooding strategies for the Wireless Multihop Networks (WMNs) then it enhances the reactive and proactive routing protocols. For analysis purpose, we select four widely used flooding techniques for routing: i. traditional flooding, ii. Time-To-Live based Expanding Ring Search (TTL-based ERS) flooding scheme, iii. TTL-based Scope Routing (SR) flooding and iv. Multi-Point Relays (MPR) flooding. These techniques play a vital role and act as a backbone for routing protocols. Therefore, we compare efficiency of these techniques for six widely used routing protocols: Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), DYnamic MANET On-demand (DYMO), Fish-eye Scope Routing (FSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). DSDV uses traditional flooding, AODV, DSR and DYMO use TTL-based ERS flooding, FSR uses TTL-based SR flooding and OLSR uses MPR flooding. This paper also presents mathematical models for flooding techniques and studies the affects of these techniques on their respective protocols in terms of energy and time consumption. This is done to measure the cost incurred by the routing protocols in the form of routing overhead and latencies. A novel contribution of this work is the enhancement in search set values and intervals of routing algorithms to improve the efficiency of selected existing protocols. A detailed comparison analysis of selected protocols with their default and enhanced routing algorithms in NS-2 is also a part of this work.

ACS Style

Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani. On Modeling Optimizations and Enhancing Routing Protocols for Wireless Multihop Networks. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 68953 -68973.

AMA Style

Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani. On Modeling Optimizations and Enhancing Routing Protocols for Wireless Multihop Networks. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):68953-68973.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fahad Ahmad Al-Zahrani. 2020. "On Modeling Optimizations and Enhancing Routing Protocols for Wireless Multihop Networks." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 68953-68973.

Journal article
Published: 04 January 2020 in Entropy
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Over the last decades, load forecasting is used by power companies to balance energy demand and supply. Among the several load forecasting methods, medium-term load forecasting is necessary for grid’s maintenance planning, settings of electricity prices, and harmonizing energy sharing arrangement. The forecasting of the month ahead electrical loads provides the information required for the interchange of energy among power companies. For accurate load forecasting, this paper proposes a model for medium-term load forecasting that uses hourly electrical load and temperature data to predict month ahead hourly electrical loads. For data preprocessing, modified entropy mutual information-based feature selection is used. It eliminates the redundancy and irrelevancy of features from the data. We employ the conditional restricted Boltzmann machine (CRBM) for the load forecasting. A meta-heuristic optimization algorithm Jaya is used to improve the CRBM’s accuracy rate and convergence. In addition, the consumers’ dynamic consumption behaviors are also investigated using a discrete-time Markov chain and an adaptive k-means is used to group their behaviors into clusters. We evaluated the proposed model using GEFCom2012 US utility dataset. Simulation results confirm that the proposed model achieves better accuracy, fast convergence, and low execution time as compared to other existing models in the literature.

ACS Style

Omaji Samuel; Fahad A. Alzahrani; Raja Jalees Ul Hussen Khan; Hassan Farooq; Muhammad Shafiq; Muhammad Khalil Afzal; Nadeem Javaid. Towards Modified Entropy Mutual Information Feature Selection to Forecast Medium-Term Load Using a Deep Learning Model in Smart Homes. Entropy 2020, 22, 68 .

AMA Style

Omaji Samuel, Fahad A. Alzahrani, Raja Jalees Ul Hussen Khan, Hassan Farooq, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, Nadeem Javaid. Towards Modified Entropy Mutual Information Feature Selection to Forecast Medium-Term Load Using a Deep Learning Model in Smart Homes. Entropy. 2020; 22 (1):68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omaji Samuel; Fahad A. Alzahrani; Raja Jalees Ul Hussen Khan; Hassan Farooq; Muhammad Shafiq; Muhammad Khalil Afzal; Nadeem Javaid. 2020. "Towards Modified Entropy Mutual Information Feature Selection to Forecast Medium-Term Load Using a Deep Learning Model in Smart Homes." Entropy 22, no. 1: 68.

Journal article
Published: 19 December 2019 in Entropy
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In the smart grid (SG) environment, consumers are enabled to alter electricity consumption patterns in response to electricity prices and incentives. This results in prices that may differ from the initial price pattern. Electricity price and demand forecasting play a vital role in the reliability and sustainability of SG. Forecasting using big data has become a new hot research topic as a massive amount of data is being generated and stored in the SG environment. Electricity users, having advanced knowledge of prices and demand of electricity, can manage their load efficiently. In this paper, a recurrent neural network (RNN), long short term memory (LSTM), is used for electricity price and demand forecasting using big data. Researchers are working actively to propose new models of forecasting. These models contain a single input variable as well as multiple variables. From the literature, we observed that the use of multiple variables enhances the forecasting accuracy. Hence, our proposed model uses multiple variables as input and forecasts the future values of electricity demand and price. The hyperparameters of this algorithm are tuned using the Jaya optimization algorithm to improve the forecasting ability and increase the training mechanism of the model. Parameter tuning is necessary because the performance of a forecasting model depends on the values of these parameters. Selection of inappropriate values can result in inaccurate forecasting. So, integration of an optimization method improves the forecasting accuracy with minimum user efforts. For efficient forecasting, data is preprocessed and cleaned from missing values and outliers, using the z-score method. Furthermore, data is normalized before forecasting. The forecasting accuracy of the proposed model is evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). For a fair comparison, the proposed forecasting model is compared with univariate LSTM and support vector machine (SVM). The values of the performance metrics depict that the proposed model has higher accuracy than SVM and univariate LSTM.

ACS Style

Rabiya Khalid; Nadeem Javaid; Fahad A. Al-Zahrani; Khursheed Aurangzeb; Emad-Ul-Haq Qazi; Tehreem Ashfaq. Electricity Load and Price Forecasting Using Jaya-Long Short Term Memory (JLSTM) in Smart Grids. Entropy 2019, 22, 10 .

AMA Style

Rabiya Khalid, Nadeem Javaid, Fahad A. Al-Zahrani, Khursheed Aurangzeb, Emad-Ul-Haq Qazi, Tehreem Ashfaq. Electricity Load and Price Forecasting Using Jaya-Long Short Term Memory (JLSTM) in Smart Grids. Entropy. 2019; 22 (1):10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rabiya Khalid; Nadeem Javaid; Fahad A. Al-Zahrani; Khursheed Aurangzeb; Emad-Ul-Haq Qazi; Tehreem Ashfaq. 2019. "Electricity Load and Price Forecasting Using Jaya-Long Short Term Memory (JLSTM) in Smart Grids." Entropy 22, no. 1: 10.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2019 in Sustainability
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In a research community, data sharing is an essential step to gain maximum knowledge from the prior work. Existing data sharing platforms depend on trusted third party (TTP). Due to the involvement of TTP, such systems lack trust, transparency, security, and immutability. To overcome these issues, this paper proposed a blockchain-based secure data sharing platform by leveraging the benefits of interplanetary file system (IPFS). A meta data is uploaded to IPFS server by owner and then divided into n secret shares. The proposed scheme achieves security and access control by executing the access roles written in smart contract by owner. Users are first authenticated through RSA signatures and then submit the requested amount as a price of digital content. After the successful delivery of data, the user is encouraged to register the reviews about data. These reviews are validated through Watson analyzer to filter out the fake reviews. The customers registering valid reviews are given incentives. In this way, maximum reviews are submitted against every file. In this scenario, decentralized storage, Ethereum blockchain, encryption, and incentive mechanism are combined. To implement the proposed scenario, smart contracts are written in solidity and deployed on local Ethereum test network. The proposed scheme achieves transparency, security, access control, authenticity of owner, and quality of data. In simulation results, an analysis is performed on gas consumption and actual cost required in terms of USD, so that a good price estimate can be done while deploying the implemented scenario in real set-up. Moreover, computational time for different encryption schemes are plotted to represent the performance of implemented scheme, which is shamir secret sharing (SSS). Results show that SSS shows the least computational time as compared to advanced encryption standard (AES) 128 and 256.

ACS Style

Muqaddas Naz; Fahad A. Al-Zahrani; Rabiya Khalid; Nadeem Javaid; Ali Mustafa Qamar; Muhammad Khalil Afzal; Muhammad Shafiq. A Secure Data Sharing Platform Using Blockchain and Interplanetary File System. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7054 .

AMA Style

Muqaddas Naz, Fahad A. Al-Zahrani, Rabiya Khalid, Nadeem Javaid, Ali Mustafa Qamar, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, Muhammad Shafiq. A Secure Data Sharing Platform Using Blockchain and Interplanetary File System. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7054.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muqaddas Naz; Fahad A. Al-Zahrani; Rabiya Khalid; Nadeem Javaid; Ali Mustafa Qamar; Muhammad Khalil Afzal; Muhammad Shafiq. 2019. "A Secure Data Sharing Platform Using Blockchain and Interplanetary File System." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7054.