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Mr. David Sturm
Technical University of Munich, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Associate Professorship of Educational Science in Sport and Health

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Self-determination theory
0 Mixed methods research
0 Physical activity and education
0 Teacher education students' experiences
0 intervention research

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Physical activity and education
Self-determination theory

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Short Biography

David Sturm (*1993) studied Science Education with Emphases on Mathematics and Physical Education for Teaching Profession for Secondary School Education at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University and Technical University Munich and graduated in 2018 by State Examination. As PhD student he contributes to the Enriched Sports Activities program (ESA), the CReActivity program, the EUFITMOS program and is member of the Active Healthy Kids Germany Network.

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Journal article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Background: The present study investigates the role of different sources of social support in the relationship of BMI and PA in an international sample of children and adolescents. Methods: Data included 170,211 adolescents (51.5% female), aged 10–16 (M = 13.6, SD = 1.64) from 37 European countries/regions and were retrieved from the 2013/14 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) international database. Results: PA levels in adolescents are lower for girls, decrease with age, and are lower for overweight and obese adolescents compared to underweight and normal-weight adolescents. Peer support and teacher support significantly predict PA (ORpeer = 1.11; ORteacher = 0.97) and vigorous PA frequency (ORpeer = 1.13; ORteacher = 0.94). Family support only affected vigorous PA frequency (OR = 1.03). Family support had a moderating effect on PA in overweight (ORfamily*BMI(overweight) = 0.94) and obese (ORfamily*BMI(obese) = 0.90) adolescents. Peer support had a moderating effect on vigorous PA frequency in obese (ORpeer*BMI(obese) = 1.08) adolescents. Teacher support had a moderating effect on PA (ORteacher*BMI(normal) = 1.05; ORteacher*BMI(overweight) = 1.09) and vigorous PA frequency (ORteacher*BMI(normal) = 1.07; ORteacher*BMI(overweight) = 1.08) in normal-weight and overweight adolescents. Conclusion: Social support helps adolescents to be active. Especially for obese adolescents, support by and relations with peers are important to reach a significant amount of PA.

ACS Style

Denise Renninger; David Sturm; Adilson Marques; Miguel Peralta; Stevo Popovic; Jovan Gardasevic; Bojan Masanovic; Yolanda Demetriou. Physical Activity and Body-Mass-Index: Do Family, Friends and Teachers Restrain the Risk for Physical Inactivity in Adolescents? Sustainability 2021, 13, 6992 .

AMA Style

Denise Renninger, David Sturm, Adilson Marques, Miguel Peralta, Stevo Popovic, Jovan Gardasevic, Bojan Masanovic, Yolanda Demetriou. Physical Activity and Body-Mass-Index: Do Family, Friends and Teachers Restrain the Risk for Physical Inactivity in Adolescents? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):6992.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Denise Renninger; David Sturm; Adilson Marques; Miguel Peralta; Stevo Popovic; Jovan Gardasevic; Bojan Masanovic; Yolanda Demetriou. 2021. "Physical Activity and Body-Mass-Index: Do Family, Friends and Teachers Restrain the Risk for Physical Inactivity in Adolescents?" Sustainability 13, no. 13: 6992.

Hauptbeitrag
Published: 02 February 2021 in German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
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Zusammenfassung Die Förderung eines aktiven und gesunden Lebensstils ist eine wichtige Aufgabe der Schule und des Sportunterrichts. Interventionsprogramme in diesem Setting besitzen zudem einen hohen Stellenwert zur Förderung körperlicher Aktivität von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Um die Wirksamkeit dieser Interventionsprogramme zu erfassen, ist eine umfangreiche Evaluation notwendig. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist die qualitative Bewertung der Implementierungsqualität des CReActivity-Interventionsprogrammes, welches, basierend auf der Selbstbestimmungstheorie, die Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität von Schülerinnen durch den Sportunterricht zum Ziel hat. Zu diesem Zweck wurden leitfadenorientierte Interviews mit Lehrerinnen und Schülerinnen der Interventionsklassen des Projekts durchgeführt. Anschließend wurden die Interviews mithilfe der thematischen Analyse deduktiv-induktiv untersucht, um Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, wie die Teilnehmerinnen die Intervention erleben und deuten. Die Analyse der Interviews der Lehrerinnen ergab insgesamt acht Themen, in denen die Einhaltung der Programmvorgaben, die Häufigkeit der Implementierung, die Qualität der Programmweitergabe, das Sich-Involvieren der Teilnehmer, die Anwendbarkeit der Intervention und die Akzeptanz aufgegriffen werden. Aus den Interviews mit den Schülerinnen konnten Informationen hinsichtlich der Qualität der Programmweitergabe und des Sich-Involvierens der Teilnehmer gewonnen werden. Insgesamt lassen die Ergebnisse eine von den Lehrerinnen wahrgenommene Wirksamkeit der Maßnahme erkennen, die auf eine hohe Implementierungsqualität verweist. Dennoch lassen die Ergebnisse eine schwankende Implementierungsqualität der einzelnen Lehrerinnen erkennen.

ACS Style

Denise Renninger; David J. Sturm; Claus Krieger; Yolanda Demetriou. Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität von Mädchen im Sportunterricht. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research 2021, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Denise Renninger, David J. Sturm, Claus Krieger, Yolanda Demetriou. Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität von Mädchen im Sportunterricht. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research. 2021; ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Denise Renninger; David J. Sturm; Claus Krieger; Yolanda Demetriou. 2021. "Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität von Mädchen im Sportunterricht." German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research , no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Psychology of Sport and Exercise
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of need-supportive teaching in physical education on girls' daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity using a mixed method evaluation. 507 sixth-grade girls aged 9–14 years of 33 single-sex physical education classes participated in the cluster randomized control trial. During the 16-week intervention period, trained teachers conducted enhanced physical education lessons which were designed based on self-determination theory. In a randomized process, independent researchers using a computer-based algorithm allocated classes to the trial groups (IG n = 19 classes, CG n = 14). These lessons were subject to repeated systematic observations. The students' perceptions of basic psychological need support and satisfaction in physical education were measured using repeated self-report questionnaires. Students' daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed by accelerometry. Semi-structured interviews provided a deeper understanding of how purposively sampled focus groups perceived teacher behavior in physical education. After a separate analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, results were merged to investigate the intervention's efficacy and treatment fidelity. Throughout the school year, the girls' MVPA levels decreased in both groups. Girls who reported their complete physical activity data had a lower body mass index than girls who reported no, or only one or two sets of physical activity data. Results of mixed measures converge on the finding that the teachers in the intervention group provided slightly stronger need support than the control teachers, however, intervention components were not delivered consistently. Therefore, a significant intervention effect on daily MVPA could not be quantified. Autonomy satisfaction significantly predicted MVPA. Qualitative insights of teaching behavior in PE underlined the importance of need support and revealed structural barriers, which compromised the implementation quality. Ethics Committee of the Technical University of Munich 155/16S; Bavarian Ministry of Education IV.8-BO6106/52/12. German Research Foundation grant DE2680/3-1.

ACS Style

David J. Sturm; Joachim Bachner; Denise Renninger; Stephan Haug; Yolanda Demetriou. A cluster randomized trial to evaluate need-supportive teaching in physical education on physical activity of sixth-grade girls: A mixed method study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 2021, 54, 101902 .

AMA Style

David J. Sturm, Joachim Bachner, Denise Renninger, Stephan Haug, Yolanda Demetriou. A cluster randomized trial to evaluate need-supportive teaching in physical education on physical activity of sixth-grade girls: A mixed method study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2021; 54 ():101902.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David J. Sturm; Joachim Bachner; Denise Renninger; Stephan Haug; Yolanda Demetriou. 2021. "A cluster randomized trial to evaluate need-supportive teaching in physical education on physical activity of sixth-grade girls: A mixed method study." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 54, no. : 101902.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2021 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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The aim of this investigation was to identify possible related factors associated to the performance of the crunning test in European children and adolescents. A total number of 559 children and adolescents (age range 6–14 years) of which 308 boys (55.1%) and 251 girls (44.9%), from seven European countries, were screened. A questionnaire concerning demographic and personal life-related factors and a cognitive assessment were performed. A regression analysis was conducted with the performance measures of the crunning movement. T-tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze sub-group differences. Boys have greater crunning performance values compared to girls (5.55 s vs. 7.06 s, p < 0.001) and older children perform better than younger ones (R2 −0.23; p < 0.001). Children with healthy and active habits (exercising or spending time with family members vs. reading or surfing the internet) performed better in the test. Children engaged in team sports had better crunning performances compared to those engaged in individual sports (6.01 s vs. 6.66 s, p = 0.0166). No significant association was found regarding cognitive-related aspects in either children engaged in team or individual sports and the crunning performance. Older and male children performed better in the crunning test than younger and female children. Physical activity-related aspects of children’s life are associated with crunning movement performance. No association was found between higher cognitive performance and the crunning test results.

ACS Style

Ewan Thomas; Marianna Alesi; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Silva; David Sturm; Fatma Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Simona Pajaujiene; Michele Basile; Ante Rada; Antonio Palma; Antonino Bianco. Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2021, 6, 9 .

AMA Style

Ewan Thomas, Marianna Alesi, Garden Tabacchi, Carlos Silva, David Sturm, Fatma Şahin, Özkan Güler, Manuel Gómez-López, Simona Pajaujiene, Michele Basile, Ante Rada, Antonio Palma, Antonino Bianco. Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021; 6 (1):9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewan Thomas; Marianna Alesi; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Silva; David Sturm; Fatma Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Simona Pajaujiene; Michele Basile; Ante Rada; Antonio Palma; Antonino Bianco. 2021. "Cognitive and Physical Activity-Related Aspects of Children Associated to the Performance of the Crunning Movement." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 1: 9.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Regular physical activity (PA) and low levels of sedentary behavior (SB) have positive health effects on young people. Adolescent girls of low socioeconomic background represent a high-risk group with regard to physical inactivity and SB. In this study, accelerometer-measured levels of PA and SB of female sixth graders attending lower secondary schools in Germany are presented, patterns of PA and SB throughout the day are described and differences between weekdays and weekend days are analyzed. Data of 425 students of the CReActivity project were analyzed. Sampling and processing of accelerometer data followed recent recommendations, which had not been applied to data of a German-speaking sample before. The WHO recommendation of daily 60 min moderate-to-vigorous PA was fulfilled by 90.4% of the girls on weekdays and by 57.4% on weekend days. The significant weekday–weekend differences were mainly associated with active commuting to and from school. Students engaged in SB for more than 8 h on weekdays and for over 7 h on weekend days. The results suggest a strong need for interventions increasing PA and reducing SB, especially during school hours and on weekends. Furthermore, a comparison with methods and results of previous studies highlights the need to follow recent criteria in accelerometer data sampling and processing to ensure an accurate and valid differentiation between PA-related risk groups and non-risk groups.

ACS Style

Joachim Bachner; David J. Sturm; Yolanda Demetriou. Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Levels and Patterns in Female Sixth Graders: The CReActivity Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 18, 32 .

AMA Style

Joachim Bachner, David J. Sturm, Yolanda Demetriou. Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Levels and Patterns in Female Sixth Graders: The CReActivity Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 18 (1):32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joachim Bachner; David J. Sturm; Yolanda Demetriou. 2020. "Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Levels and Patterns in Female Sixth Graders: The CReActivity Project." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 32.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020
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The standing broad jump (SBJ) is a valid, reliable and feasible field-based test, which can evaluate explosive strength of the lower limbs and physical fitness. This study aimed to provide normative data for the SBJ for male and female children and adolescents and describe differences in performance between age groups and genders. A total number of 2140 children and adolescents, sampled in seven European nations have been included for analysis. The SBJ was performed to derive percentile values for gender and each age group. In general, males have greater jumping performance compared to females. Data demonstrate a linear increase in the jumping distance for both males and females until adolescence. However, such increase is evident in males up to 16-17 years old, whereas in females a plateau value is met at 12-13 years old, with a subsequent decrease in the jumping performance. No differences were present in jumping performance between male and female children, however differences between male and female adolescents were evinced. The study has provided percentile values useful to monitor the physical fitness status of children and adolescents.

ACS Style

Ewan Thomas; Luca Petrigna; Garden Tabacchi; Eduardo Teixeira; Simona Pajaujiene; David J. Sturm; Fatma Nese Sahin; Manuel Gómez-López; Jelena Pausic; Antonio Paoli; Marianna Alesi; Antonino Bianco. Percentile values of the standing broad jump in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old. 2020, 30, 9050 .

AMA Style

Ewan Thomas, Luca Petrigna, Garden Tabacchi, Eduardo Teixeira, Simona Pajaujiene, David J. Sturm, Fatma Nese Sahin, Manuel Gómez-López, Jelena Pausic, Antonio Paoli, Marianna Alesi, Antonino Bianco. Percentile values of the standing broad jump in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old. . 2020; 30 (2):9050.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewan Thomas; Luca Petrigna; Garden Tabacchi; Eduardo Teixeira; Simona Pajaujiene; David J. Sturm; Fatma Nese Sahin; Manuel Gómez-López; Jelena Pausic; Antonio Paoli; Marianna Alesi; Antonino Bianco. 2020. "Percentile values of the standing broad jump in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old." 30, no. 2: 9050.

Original research article
Published: 28 April 2020 in Frontiers in Psychology
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Purpose: The effects of physical exercise on executive functions (EFs) are well-documented. EFs are involved in daily activities, and their development determines the quality of people’s future life, both in terms of mental health and quality of life. The purpose of the current paper is to evaluate the effects of a physical education program, elaborated within the Enriched Sports Activity Program (ESA Program), an Erasmus + Project, on EFs, namely, visuospatial working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and task switching. Method: Data were collected on November 2017 (t1) and May 2018 (t2). At t1, a sample of 357 children from four European countries (Italy, Germany, Lithuania, and Turkey) performed a cognitive test battery made up of Digit Span Forward/Backward, Stroop Task, and Trail Making Test (TMT), whose order was randomized. From November until May, classrooms from the experimental group followed the ESA Program, while classrooms from the control continued with the ordinary physical education class. At t2, children from both experimental and control groups performed again the cognitive battery. Result: The repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of the ESA Program on the TMT B and on Digit Span Backward, but no significant effects were found on Digit Span Forward and Stroop Task. Conclusion: The introduction of a sport program enriched with cognitive stimuli has beneficial effects for children working memory and cognitive flexibility.

ACS Style

Ambra Gentile; Stefano Boca; Fatma Neşe Şahin; Özkan Güler; Simona Pajaujiene; Vinga Indriuniene; Yolanda Demetriou; David Sturm; Manuel Gómez-López; Antonino Bianco; Marianna Alesi. The Effect of an Enriched Sport Program on Children’s Executive Functions: The ESA Program. Frontiers in Psychology 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Ambra Gentile, Stefano Boca, Fatma Neşe Şahin, Özkan Güler, Simona Pajaujiene, Vinga Indriuniene, Yolanda Demetriou, David Sturm, Manuel Gómez-López, Antonino Bianco, Marianna Alesi. The Effect of an Enriched Sport Program on Children’s Executive Functions: The ESA Program. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ambra Gentile; Stefano Boca; Fatma Neşe Şahin; Özkan Güler; Simona Pajaujiene; Vinga Indriuniene; Yolanda Demetriou; David Sturm; Manuel Gómez-López; Antonino Bianco; Marianna Alesi. 2020. "The Effect of an Enriched Sport Program on Children’s Executive Functions: The ESA Program." Frontiers in Psychology 11, no. : 1.

Original research article
Published: 11 April 2020 in American Journal of Human Biology
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Introduction This study aimed to create a composite measure of a healthy lifestyle for adolescents, and analyze its relationship to sociodemographic factors. Methods Data were from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children 2014 International survey. Participants were 167 021 adolescents (48.2% boys and 51.8 girls), aged 10‐16 years, from 38 countries. Results Five healthy behaviors used in this study included engaging in ≥60 minutes of physical activity every day, daily consumption of fruit and vegetables, spending <2 hours daily immersed in screen‐based behaviors, and abstinence from alcohol as well as from tobacco products. Only 1.9% (95% CI: 1.4%, 2.3%) of adolescents had a healthy lifestyle, achieving all five healthy behaviors. In contrast, 4.2% (95% CI: 3.7%, 4.6%) reported none of the healthy behaviors. Conclusions Despite the benefits of engaging in physical activity, engaging in low levels of screen‐based activity, regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, and abstaining from alcohol and cigarettes, only 2% of adolescents could be classified as having a healthy lifestyle.

ACS Style

Adilson Marques; Joana Bordado; Riki Tesler; Yolanda Demetriou; David J. Sturm; Margarida Gaspar De Matos. A composite measure of healthy lifestyle: A study from 38 countries and regions from Europe and North America, from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children survey. American Journal of Human Biology 2020, 32, e23419 .

AMA Style

Adilson Marques, Joana Bordado, Riki Tesler, Yolanda Demetriou, David J. Sturm, Margarida Gaspar De Matos. A composite measure of healthy lifestyle: A study from 38 countries and regions from Europe and North America, from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children survey. American Journal of Human Biology. 2020; 32 (6):e23419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adilson Marques; Joana Bordado; Riki Tesler; Yolanda Demetriou; David J. Sturm; Margarida Gaspar De Matos. 2020. "A composite measure of healthy lifestyle: A study from 38 countries and regions from Europe and North America, from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children survey." American Journal of Human Biology 32, no. 6: e23419.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: Physical fitness in youth is a predictor of health in adulthood. The main objective of the present study was to understand if an enriched sport activity program could increase physical fitness in a population of schoolchildren. Methods: In a sample of 672 children aged 10.0 ± 1.90 years, different motor skills were tested by the 1 kg and 3 kg ball throw (BT), the standing broad jump (SBJ), the 30 m sprint (30mS), the leger shuttle run (LSR), the illinois agility test (IGT), and the quadruped test (QT). Within the controlled-trial, the intervention group (ESA) underwent an additional warm-up protocol, which included cognitive enhancing elements, for 14 weeks while the control group continued with ordinary exercise activity. Results: A significant increase was present regarding the 1 kg and 3 kg BT, the SBJ, the 30mS, and the IGT, while no significant difference was shown regarding the QT and the LSR in the ESA group between pre and post intervention. In the control group, no differences were present for any test except for the QT and the LSR post-test. Conclusion: A 14-week structured physical intervention had moderate effects regarding throwing, jumping, sprinting, and agility in a sample of schoolchildren.

ACS Style

Ewan Thomas; Antonino Bianco; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Marques Da Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Michele Basile; Marcello Giaccone; David J. Sturm; Fatma Neşe Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Guillermo F. López Sánchez; Simona Pajaujiene; Ilona Judita Zuoziene; Ante Rada; Marianna Alesi; Antonio Palma. Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1723 .

AMA Style

Ewan Thomas, Antonino Bianco, Garden Tabacchi, Carlos Marques Da Silva, Nuno Loureiro, Michele Basile, Marcello Giaccone, David J. Sturm, Fatma Neşe Şahin, Özkan Güler, Manuel Gómez-López, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Simona Pajaujiene, Ilona Judita Zuoziene, Ante Rada, Marianna Alesi, Antonio Palma. Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (5):1723.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewan Thomas; Antonino Bianco; Garden Tabacchi; Carlos Marques Da Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Michele Basile; Marcello Giaccone; David J. Sturm; Fatma Neşe Şahin; Özkan Güler; Manuel Gómez-López; Guillermo F. López Sánchez; Simona Pajaujiene; Ilona Judita Zuoziene; Ante Rada; Marianna Alesi; Antonio Palma. 2020. "Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical Fitness of schoolchildren: The Enriched Sport Activity Program." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1723.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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(1) Background: Self-determination theory (SDT) claims that need supportive behavior is related to the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs: autonomy, relatedness and competence. The student–teacher relationship is of special interest to understand mechanisms of physical activity behavior change in physical education (PE). (2) Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 481 girls answered a German version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction (BPNS) in PE Scale. Contrary to previous studies, the psychometric properties of this scale were examined by multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. (3) Results: A model with three latent factors on both levels showed acceptable fit and all items showed significant factor loadings. Although one item was excluded due to psychometric reasons, the scale showed good internal consistencies; α = 0.85 at the individual level and α = 0.84 at the class level. Subscales’ internal consistency at the individual levels was good, while at class level, the scores differed from poor to good. Small significant correlations of BPNS with moderate to vigorous physical activity support criterion validity. (4) Conclusion: The 11-item scale is a valid measurement tool to assess BPNS in PE and further application in the school setting would broaden the insights into the psychological impacts of SDT in PE.

ACS Style

David J. Sturm; Joachim Bachner; Stephan Haug; Yolanda Demetriou. The German Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Physical Education Scale: Adaption and Multilevel Validation in a Sample of Sixth-Grade Girls. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1554 .

AMA Style

David J. Sturm, Joachim Bachner, Stephan Haug, Yolanda Demetriou. The German Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Physical Education Scale: Adaption and Multilevel Validation in a Sample of Sixth-Grade Girls. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (5):1554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David J. Sturm; Joachim Bachner; Stephan Haug; Yolanda Demetriou. 2020. "The German Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Physical Education Scale: Adaption and Multilevel Validation in a Sample of Sixth-Grade Girls." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1554.

Original article
Published: 13 January 2020 in Journal of Public Health
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Aim Regular physical activity and low levels of sedentary time have positive health effects on youth, and data are needed to base public health recommendations on. Here, findings of device-based physical activity and sedentary time in sixth graders are presented. Data below are presented as mean (SD). Subject and methods Three hundred and eight sixth-grade girls [11.6 (0.6) years] from the CReActivity study in Germany wore accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X) for 7 consecutive days. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), and sedentary time (ST) was obtained during school days with a focus on recess times. Results Girls spent 79.9 (23.2) minutes in MVPA and 9.4 (1.2) hours in ST during schooldays, of which 20.5 (8.2) minutes and 3.8 (0.4) hours respectively were accumulated during school hours. On average, students had 35.4 (4.5) minutes break, of which 6.3 (3.2) minutes (17.8%) were spent in MVPA activity and 16.5 (6.2) minutes (46.6%) in ST. Conclusion School setting is an important factor for physical activity and sedentary time. Therefore policy, curriculums, and school environment should promote physical activity und reduce sedentary time during school hours.

ACS Style

David J. Sturm; Anne Kelso; Susanne Kobel; Yolanda Demetriou. Physical activity levels and sedentary time during school hours of 6th-grade girls in Germany. Journal of Public Health 2020, 29, 847 -855.

AMA Style

David J. Sturm, Anne Kelso, Susanne Kobel, Yolanda Demetriou. Physical activity levels and sedentary time during school hours of 6th-grade girls in Germany. Journal of Public Health. 2020; 29 (4):847-855.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David J. Sturm; Anne Kelso; Susanne Kobel; Yolanda Demetriou. 2020. "Physical activity levels and sedentary time during school hours of 6th-grade girls in Germany." Journal of Public Health 29, no. 4: 847-855.

Review
Published: 15 December 2019 in Sustainability
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High levels of physical fitness (PF) can positively affect both health and cognitive function, thus monitoring its levels in youth can help increase health and quality of life in adult populations later on. This systematic review aims to identify PF field-based tests used in young European populations practicing sport to find tools that are adequate for the considered target involving a new battery within the Enriched Sport Activities (ESA) project. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. In the 83 identified articles, the main tests used were: vertical/horizontal jumps (for muscular strength/power); push-ups, running at maximum effort, sit-ups (for muscular strength/endurance); multistage non-intermittent and intermittent tests (for aerobic endurance); sit and reach (for flexibility); sprinting and agility T-tests (for speed and agility, respectively); 10 × 5 m shuttle run (SR) (for both speed and agility). Few studies assessed coordination, reaction time, power, and balance. Although the selected tests are widely used and validated, they do not determine all PF aspects and do not reflect sport-specific features. A final decision was made for the inclusion of the following tests: standing broad jump, seated medicine ball throw, 20 m SR test, 30 m sprint, Illinois test, and a new test, i.e., the crunning test, to assess different skill-related components at once. The use of this combination of tests allows for the assessment of all PF components and can help planning effective training programs and cultivate sporting talent.

ACS Style

Garden Tabacchi; Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez; Fatma Nese Sahin; Meltem Kizilyalli; Rosario Genchi; Michele Basile; Musa Kirkar; Carlos Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Eduardo Teixeira; Yolanda Demetriou; David Joseph Sturm; Simona Pajaujene; Ilona J. Zuoziene; Manuel Gómez-López; Ante Rada; Jelena Pausic; Nemanja Lakicevic; Luca Petrigna; Kaltrina Feka; Ana Ribeiro; Marianna Alesi; Antonino Bianco. Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7187 .

AMA Style

Garden Tabacchi, Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez, Fatma Nese Sahin, Meltem Kizilyalli, Rosario Genchi, Michele Basile, Musa Kirkar, Carlos Silva, Nuno Loureiro, Eduardo Teixeira, Yolanda Demetriou, David Joseph Sturm, Simona Pajaujene, Ilona J. Zuoziene, Manuel Gómez-López, Ante Rada, Jelena Pausic, Nemanja Lakicevic, Luca Petrigna, Kaltrina Feka, Ana Ribeiro, Marianna Alesi, Antonino Bianco. Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garden Tabacchi; Guillermo F. Lopez Sanchez; Fatma Nese Sahin; Meltem Kizilyalli; Rosario Genchi; Michele Basile; Musa Kirkar; Carlos Silva; Nuno Loureiro; Eduardo Teixeira; Yolanda Demetriou; David Joseph Sturm; Simona Pajaujene; Ilona J. Zuoziene; Manuel Gómez-López; Ante Rada; Jelena Pausic; Nemanja Lakicevic; Luca Petrigna; Kaltrina Feka; Ana Ribeiro; Marianna Alesi; Antonino Bianco. 2019. "Field-Based Tests for the Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Practicing Sport: A Systematic Review within the ESA Program." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7187.