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Prof. Promise Emeka
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf. PO Box 400, 3982 Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

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Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology
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Vancomycin, an antibiotic used occasionally as a last line of treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is reportedly associated with nephrotoxicity. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of lutein against vancomycin-induced acute renal injury. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its associated role in renoprotection by lutein was also examined. Male BALB/c mice were divided into six treatment groups: control with normal saline, lutein (200 mg/kg), vancomycin (250 mg/kg), vancomycin (500 mg/kg), vancomycin (250 mg/kg) with lutein, and vancomycin (500 mg/kg) with lutein groups; they were euthanized after 7 days of treatment. Thereafter, samples of blood, urine, and kidney tissue of the mice were analyzed, followed by the determination of levels of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the urine, renal creatine kinase; protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and caspase-3 in the kidney; and the expression of PPARγ, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in renal tissue. Results showed that the levels of protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde, and the activity of NAG, creatine kinase and caspase-3, were significantly increased in the vancomycin-treatment groups. Moreover, the levels of Nrf2 significantly decreased, while NF-κB expression increased. Lutein ameliorated these effects, and significantly increased PPARγ expression. Furthermore, it attenuated vancomycin-induced histological alterations such as, tissue necrosis and hypertrophy. Therefore, we conclude that lutein protects against vancomycin-induced renal injury by potentially upregulating PPARγ/Nrf2 expression in the renal tissues, and consequently downregulating the pathways: inflammation by NF-κB and apoptosis by caspase-3.

ACS Style

Promise M. Emeka; Sahibzada T. Rasool; Mohamed A. Morsy; Mohamed I. Hairul Islam; And Muhammad S. Chohan. Protective effects of lutein against vancomycin-induced acute renal injury in mice via upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and inhibition nuclear factor-kappaB/caspase 3. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2021, 25, 321 -331.

AMA Style

Promise M. Emeka, Sahibzada T. Rasool, Mohamed A. Morsy, Mohamed I. Hairul Islam, And Muhammad S. Chohan. Protective effects of lutein against vancomycin-induced acute renal injury in mice via upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and inhibition nuclear factor-kappaB/caspase 3. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology. 2021; 25 (4):321-331.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Promise M. Emeka; Sahibzada T. Rasool; Mohamed A. Morsy; Mohamed I. Hairul Islam; And Muhammad S. Chohan. 2021. "Protective effects of lutein against vancomycin-induced acute renal injury in mice via upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and inhibition nuclear factor-kappaB/caspase 3." The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 25, no. 4: 321-331.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2021 in Plants
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Date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) is reputed to have numerous biological activities, including anticancer properties. To utilize the great fortune of this fruit, the current study aimed to maximize its pharmacological activity. Date palm extract (DPE) of Khalas cultivar was obtained in powder form and then was formulated into nanoemulsion (NE). The optimized DPE-NE was formulated along with its naked counterpart followed by studying their physical and chemical properties. A qualitative assessment of total serum protein associated with the surface of formulations was implemented. Studies for the in vitro release of DPE from developed NE before and after incubation with serum were investigated. Eventually, an MTT assay was conducted. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 22.89 ± 0.013 mg GAE/g of dry DPE and 9.90 ± 0.03 mg QE/g of dry DPE, respectively. Homogenous NE formulations were attained with appropriate particle size and viscosity that could be administered intravenously. The optimized PEGylated NE exhibited a proper particle size, PDI, and zeta potential. Total serum protein adsorbed on PEG-NE surface was significantly low. The release of the drug through in vitro study was effectively extended for 24 h. Ultimately; PEGylated NE of DPE attained significant inhibition for cancer cell viability with IC50 values of 18.6 ± 2.4 and 13.5 ± 1.8 µg/mL for MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines, respectively. PEGylated NE of DPE of Khalas cultivar will open the gate for future adjuvants for cancer therapy.

ACS Style

Hany Khalil; Nashi Alqahtani; Hossam Darrag; Hairul-Islam Ibrahim; Promise Emeka; Lorina Badger-Emeka; Katsuyoshi Matsunami; Tamer Shehata; Heba Elsewedy. Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Plants 2021, 10, 735 .

AMA Style

Hany Khalil, Nashi Alqahtani, Hossam Darrag, Hairul-Islam Ibrahim, Promise Emeka, Lorina Badger-Emeka, Katsuyoshi Matsunami, Tamer Shehata, Heba Elsewedy. Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):735.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hany Khalil; Nashi Alqahtani; Hossam Darrag; Hairul-Islam Ibrahim; Promise Emeka; Lorina Badger-Emeka; Katsuyoshi Matsunami; Tamer Shehata; Heba Elsewedy. 2021. "Date Palm Extract (Phoenix dactylifera) PEGylated Nanoemulsion: Development, Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation." Plants 10, no. 4: 735.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is detrimental to hospitalized patients. With diminishing choices of antibiotics and the worry about resistance to colistin in synergistic combined therapy, there are suggestions for the use of herbal derivatives. This investigation evaluated the synergistic effects of Nigella sativa (NS) in combination with beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics on extreme drug-resistant (XDR) MRSA isolates. NS concentrations of 10, 7.5, 5.0, 2.5, 1.0, and 0.1 µg/mL, alone and in combination with β-lactam antibiotics, were used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA isolates by the well diffusion method. Time–kill assays were performed using a spectrophotometer, with time–kill curves plotted and synergism ascertained by the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to gain insight into the mechanism of action of treated groups. Isolates were inhibited by the NS concentrations, with differences in the zones of inhibition being statistically insignificant at p < 0.05. There were statistically significant differences in the time–kill assay for the MRSA isolates. In addition, NS combined with augmentin showed better killing than oxacillin and cefuroxime. The mechanism of action shown by the SEM and TEM results revealed cell wall disruption, which probably created interference that led to bacterial lysis.

ACS Style

Lorina Badger-Emeka; Promise Emeka; Hairul Ibrahim. A Molecular Insight into the Synergistic Mechanism of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) with β-Lactam Antibiotics against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3206 .

AMA Style

Lorina Badger-Emeka, Promise Emeka, Hairul Ibrahim. A Molecular Insight into the Synergistic Mechanism of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) with β-Lactam Antibiotics against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):3206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorina Badger-Emeka; Promise Emeka; Hairul Ibrahim. 2021. "A Molecular Insight into the Synergistic Mechanism of Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) with β-Lactam Antibiotics against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 3206.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Molecules
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Allergy is an immunological disorder that develops in response to exposure to an allergen, and histamines mediate these effects via histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity at the intracellular level. In the present study, we developed a 3D model of Klebsiella pneumoniae histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and analyzed the HDC inhibitory potential of cinnamaldehyde (CA) and subsequent anti-allergic potential using a bacterial and mammalian mast cell model. A computational and in vitro study using K. pneumonia revealed that CA binds to HDC nearby the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) binding site and inhibited histamine synthesis in a bacterial model. Further study using a mammalian mast cell model also showed that CA decreased the levels of histamine in the stimulated RBL-2H3 cell line and attenuated the release of β-hexoseaminidase and cell degranulation. In addition, CA treatment also significantly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and the nitric oxide (NO) level in the stimulated mast cells. A gene expression and Western blotting study revealed that CA significantly downregulated the expressions of MAPKp38/ERK and its downstream pro-allergic mediators that are involved in the signaling pathway in mast cell cytokine synthesis. This study further confirms that CA has the potential to attenuate mast cell activation by inhibiting HDC and modifying the process of allergic disorders.

ACS Style

Lorina Badger-Emeka; Promise Emeka; Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham; Hairul Ibrahim. Anti-Allergic Potential of Cinnamaldehyde via the Inhibitory Effect of Histidine Decarboxylase (HDC) Producing Klebsiella pneumonia. Molecules 2020, 25, 5580 .

AMA Style

Lorina Badger-Emeka, Promise Emeka, Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham, Hairul Ibrahim. Anti-Allergic Potential of Cinnamaldehyde via the Inhibitory Effect of Histidine Decarboxylase (HDC) Producing Klebsiella pneumonia. Molecules. 2020; 25 (23):5580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorina Badger-Emeka; Promise Emeka; Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham; Hairul Ibrahim. 2020. "Anti-Allergic Potential of Cinnamaldehyde via the Inhibitory Effect of Histidine Decarboxylase (HDC) Producing Klebsiella pneumonia." Molecules 25, no. 23: 5580.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Glucansucrase secreted by Streptococcus mutans and composed of virulence genes alters oral microbiota, creating adherent environment for structural bacteria colony forming dental biofilm. The present investigation studied the inhibitory and binding potentials of mangiferin against S. mutans and its enzyme glucansucrase implicated in biofilm formation. Antibacterial activity against planktonic S. mutans was carried out. Using reverse transcription PCR, the expression of crucial virulence genes, gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, and comDE were determined. The effect of mangiferin on teeth surfaces biofilm was ascertained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Docking analysis of S. mutans glucansucrase and mangiferin revealed the binding energy of −7.35 and ten hydrogen interactions. Antibacterial study revealed that mangiferin was not lethal to planktonic S. mutans, but a concentration-dependent inhibition of glucansucrase activity was observed. The inhibitory effect of water-insoluble glucan synthesis was apparently more marked relative to water-soluble glucan synthesis attenuation. Mangiferin significantly downregulated the expression of the virulence genes, indicating a mechanism involving glucanotranferases, specifically inhibiting colony formation by attenuating bacterial adherence. SEM images revealed that S. mutans biofilm density was scanty in mangiferin treated teeth compared to non-treated control teeth. Our data therefore suggest that mangiferin inhibited S. mutans biofilms formation by attenuating glucansucrase activities without affecting bacteria growth.

ACS Style

Promise Emeka; Lorina Badger-Emeka; Hairul-Islam Ibrahim; Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham; Jamal Hussen. Inhibitory Potential of Mangiferin on Glucansucrase Producing Streptococcus mutans Biofilm in Dental Plaque. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8297 .

AMA Style

Promise Emeka, Lorina Badger-Emeka, Hairul-Islam Ibrahim, Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham, Jamal Hussen. Inhibitory Potential of Mangiferin on Glucansucrase Producing Streptococcus mutans Biofilm in Dental Plaque. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (22):8297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Promise Emeka; Lorina Badger-Emeka; Hairul-Islam Ibrahim; Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham; Jamal Hussen. 2020. "Inhibitory Potential of Mangiferin on Glucansucrase Producing Streptococcus mutans Biofilm in Dental Plaque." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 8297.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2020 in Medicinal Chemistry
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Background: This research project is designed to identify the anti-diabetic effects of the newly synthesized compounds to conclude the perspective of consuming one or more of these new synthetic compounds for diabetes management. Introduction: A series of dihydropyrimidine (DHPM) derivative bearing electron releasing and electron-withdrawing substituent’s on phenyl ring (a-j) were synthesized and screened for antihyperglycemic( anti-diabetic) activity on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, melting point, 1H and 13C NMR analysis. The crystal structure and supramolecular features were analyzed through single-crystal X-ray study. Anti-diabetic activity testing of newly prepared DHPM scaffolds was mainly based on their relative substituent on the phenyl ring along with urea and thiourea. Among the synthesized DHPM scaffold, the test compound c having chlorine group on phenyl ring at the ortho position to the hydropyrimidine ring with urea and methyl acetoacetate derivative shows moderate lowering of glucose level. However, the title compounds methyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate(g) and ethyl 4-(3-ethoxy-4- hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate(h) having methoxy and ethoxy substituents on phenyl ring show significant hypoglycemic activity compared to the remaining compounds from the Scheme 1. Methods: The experimental rat models for the study were divided into 13 groups (n = 10); group 1 animals were treated with 0.5% CMC (0.5mL) (vehicle); group 2 were considered the streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide diabetic control group (DC) and untreated, group 3 diabetic animals were administered with gliclazide 50 mg/kg and act as a reference drug group. The remaining groups of the diabetic animals were administered with the newly synthesized dihydropyrimidine compounds in a single dose of 50 mg/kg orally using the oral gavage, daily for 7 days continuously. The blood glucose level was measured before and 72 hrs after nicotinamide-STZ injection, for confirmation of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes development. Results: Blood glucose levels were significantly (p Conclusion: Our result suggests that the synthesized new DHPM derivative containing alkoxy group on the phenyl ring shows a significant lowering of glucose level compared to other derivatives.

ACS Style

Keshab M. Bairagi; Nancy S. Younis; Promise M. Emeka; Ekta Sangtani; Rajesh G. Gonnade; Katharigatta N. Venugopala; Osama I. Alwassil; Hany E. Khalil; Susanta K. Nayak. Antidiabetic Activity of Dihydropyrimidine Scaffolds and Structural Insight by Single Crystal X-ray Studies. Medicinal Chemistry 2020, 16, 996 -1003.

AMA Style

Keshab M. Bairagi, Nancy S. Younis, Promise M. Emeka, Ekta Sangtani, Rajesh G. Gonnade, Katharigatta N. Venugopala, Osama I. Alwassil, Hany E. Khalil, Susanta K. Nayak. Antidiabetic Activity of Dihydropyrimidine Scaffolds and Structural Insight by Single Crystal X-ray Studies. Medicinal Chemistry. 2020; 16 (7):996-1003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keshab M. Bairagi; Nancy S. Younis; Promise M. Emeka; Ekta Sangtani; Rajesh G. Gonnade; Katharigatta N. Venugopala; Osama I. Alwassil; Hany E. Khalil; Susanta K. Nayak. 2020. "Antidiabetic Activity of Dihydropyrimidine Scaffolds and Structural Insight by Single Crystal X-ray Studies." Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 7: 996-1003.

Research article
Published: 25 June 2019 in Journal of Patient Experience
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Introduction: Patient counseling can be helpful in improving the outcome of disease management, particularly chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, which is common in Saudi Arabia. The present study looks to investigate the levels of counseling and satisfaction among patients attending diabetic clinics in outpatient hospital pharmacy in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Method: This is a cross-sectional investigation, carried out by using interview-structured questionnaire, targeting diabetes mellitus patients with or without comorbid states. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts comprising of demographics, counseling types given while collecting prescription, and satisfaction rating of services provided. Result: More males than females participated; most of whom were college graduates older than 51 years. Sixty-three percent of the entire participants are type 1 diabetic patients, while 37% are type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Coexistence of hypercholesterolemia was higher among type 1 diabetes patients with 51.9%, while hypertension was more common among type 2 diabetic patients representing 68.2%. Findings also showed that counseling was provided for medication use among type 1 diabetic patients but was deficient in the case of type 2 diabetic patients. Patients received low level of counseling on side effects and healthy lifestyle living. Satisfaction level was only 11.1%, indicating that counseling services might be deficient. Conclusion: This study has revealed poor counseling practices and low satisfaction levels in services provided by outpatient hospital pharmacies to diabetic patients. In the face of increasing prevalence of diabetes and comorbidity, counseling of diabetic patients is critical.

ACS Style

Promise M Emeka; Manea Fares AlMunjem; Sahibzada Tasleem Rasool; Noor Kamil. Evaluation of Counseling Practices and Patient’s Satisfaction Offered by Pharmacists for Diabetics Attending Outpatient Pharmacies in Al Ahsa. Journal of Patient Experience 2019, 7, 338 -345.

AMA Style

Promise M Emeka, Manea Fares AlMunjem, Sahibzada Tasleem Rasool, Noor Kamil. Evaluation of Counseling Practices and Patient’s Satisfaction Offered by Pharmacists for Diabetics Attending Outpatient Pharmacies in Al Ahsa. Journal of Patient Experience. 2019; 7 (3):338-345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Promise M Emeka; Manea Fares AlMunjem; Sahibzada Tasleem Rasool; Noor Kamil. 2019. "Evaluation of Counseling Practices and Patient’s Satisfaction Offered by Pharmacists for Diabetics Attending Outpatient Pharmacies in Al Ahsa." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 3: 338-345.

Journal article
Published: 25 October 2018 in BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
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The misconception about dietary supplements being safe has led many into the in-patient wards. Cellgevity® (CGV) is a Max International premiere antioxidant supplement formula used by a large population. This study evaluated the effects of therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses of CGV on reproductive function and biochemical indices in Wistar rats. Seventy-two Wistar rats weighing 130 ± 15.8 g were grouped into two categories (male or female) of six rats per group. Control group received distilled water (10 ml/kg). Others received therapeutic (14.3 mg/kg or 28.6 mg/kg) and supra-therapeutic CGV doses (1000, 2000 or 3000 mg/kg) body weight per oral respectively. After 60 days, supra-therapeutic doses of CGV reduced sperm motility (p < 0.05) by 31.8%, 31.3% and 34.5% respectively and increased (p < 0.05) abnormality in sperms by 200%, 241% and 141.3% respectively. CGV altered male (luteinizing, follicle stimulating hormones and testosterone) and female reproductive hormones (luteinizing, follicle stimulating hormones estrogen and progesterone) respectively. Therapeutic doses of CGV elevated reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase, although, this was exceeded by supra-therapeutic doses and more in females than male rats. Supra-therapeutic dose (3000 mg/kg CGV) decreased body weight in both male and female rats by 50% (F(1.5, 30) = 1.2, p = 0.041) and 62.7% (F(2.1, 30) = 0.38, p = 0.038) respectively in treated rats. Supratherapeutic (3000 mg/kg) dose of CGV increased (p < 0.05) creatinine level by 99.1% while serum total protein was reduced (p < 0.05) by 60.1% (2000 mg/kg) and 57.2% (3000 mg/kg) respectively in male animals. In Female rats, supra-therapeutic doses of CGV elevated creatinine levels by 72.2% (1000 mg/kg), 60.2% (2000 mg/kg) and 124.8% (3000 mg/kg) respectively and 3000 mg/kg produces elevated serum low density lipoprotein by 34.6% in treated rats. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, alkaline phosphatase were unaltered by CGV dosing. Histology shows seminiferous tubules with reduced spermatogenic cells. Also, female rat kidney revealed acute tubular necrosis at highest dose used in this study. Overall, these data suggest that pro-oxidant potential of the supra-therapeutic CGV doses is evident. Hence, it is necessary that its administration be done with caution using appropriate doses.

ACS Style

O. Awodele; W. A. Badru; A. A. Busari; O. E. Kale; T. B. Ajayi; R. O. Udeh; P. M. Emeka. Toxicological evaluation of therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses of Cellgevity® on reproductive function and biochemical indices in Wistar rats. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 2018, 19, 68 .

AMA Style

O. Awodele, W. A. Badru, A. A. Busari, O. E. Kale, T. B. Ajayi, R. O. Udeh, P. M. Emeka. Toxicological evaluation of therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses of Cellgevity® on reproductive function and biochemical indices in Wistar rats. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2018; 19 (1):68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

O. Awodele; W. A. Badru; A. A. Busari; O. E. Kale; T. B. Ajayi; R. O. Udeh; P. M. Emeka. 2018. "Toxicological evaluation of therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses of Cellgevity® on reproductive function and biochemical indices in Wistar rats." BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 19, no. 1: 68.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Biomedical Research
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa an opportunistic pathogen of clinical importance has been associated with infections in intensive care units worldwide. This study seeks to evaluate its susceptibility pattern over a five-year period in line with the recommended regional monitoring. Isolates were those of obtained from patients in intensive care units. Bacteria isolation was by basic bacteriological and biochemical methods. The VITEK 2 compact automated system (BioMerieux, Marcy L’Etoile, France) was used for ID confirmation and antimicrobial susceptibility assay. Data was analysed and represented as percentages as well as mean percentage ± standard error of mean (SEM). A total of 580 samples were used for the investigation. Fifty two percent (52%) of them were from males while 48% were from females. Age distribution data shows that P. aeruginosa infection was seen to be more associated in patients within the age range of 51 y and above with a total incidence was 81.25%. Colistin maintained 100% sensitivity to this bacterium throughout the duration of the study. However, for the beta lactam agents, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and tigecycline, there was a decline in sensitivity from 70.4% in 2013 to 33.1% in 2017. Consequently, there was an observed growing resistance to anti-Pseudomonal drugs, from 14.7% in 2013 to 50.8% in 2017, representing a 3.5 fold increase that is alarming. Also, the mean MAR index of the antibiotic susceptibility was 0.43. The obtained results point to possibility of the isolates originating from a high risk source of contamination region where there high antibiotics use.

ACS Style

Lorina Badger-Emeka; Promise Madu Emeka; Sayed A Quadri. A five-year retrospective study of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ICU clinical isolates in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Biomedical Research 2018, 29, 1 .

AMA Style

Lorina Badger-Emeka, Promise Madu Emeka, Sayed A Quadri. A five-year retrospective study of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ICU clinical isolates in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Biomedical Research. 2018; 29 (21):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorina Badger-Emeka; Promise Madu Emeka; Sayed A Quadri. 2018. "A five-year retrospective study of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ICU clinical isolates in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia." Biomedical Research 29, no. 21: 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2017 in International Journal of Pharmacology
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Concurrent Administration of Date Palm Fruits with Lisinopril Increases Serum Potassium Level in Male Rabbits

ACS Style

Kazeem Babatunde Yusuff; Promise Madu Emeka; Mahesh Attimarad. Concurrent Administration of Date Palm Fruits with Lisinopril Increases Serum Potassium Level in Male Rabbits. International Journal of Pharmacology 2017, 14, 93 -98.

AMA Style

Kazeem Babatunde Yusuff, Promise Madu Emeka, Mahesh Attimarad. Concurrent Administration of Date Palm Fruits with Lisinopril Increases Serum Potassium Level in Male Rabbits. International Journal of Pharmacology. 2017; 14 (1):93-98.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kazeem Babatunde Yusuff; Promise Madu Emeka; Mahesh Attimarad. 2017. "Concurrent Administration of Date Palm Fruits with Lisinopril Increases Serum Potassium Level in Male Rabbits." International Journal of Pharmacology 14, no. 1: 93-98.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2017 in International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
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Background: Cardiovascular complications during drug therapy is worrisome and has been known to increase morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin on BP, HR, and ECG, after subacute administration of doxorubicin in rats.Methods: Laboratory acclimatised animals were divided into 4 experimental groups consisting of group I as the control, given 0.5ml normal saline. Group II, received 3mg/kg doxorubicin on alternate days, while group III was given 300mg/kg metformin. The last group of animals were treated with 300mg/kg metformin, 30 min later, the animals were injected doxorubicin ip. The treatment lasted for 15 days thereafter, ECG, HR and BP were measured with anaesthesia.Results: Result showed that doxorubicin induced ECG changes in terms of increased PR and QT intervals significantly. Whereas, QRS and RR intervals were at same time significantly decreased. Metformin was observed to significantly attenuate these changes. In addition, metformin restored decreases in HR that was caused by doxorubicin in a significant fashion. However, metformin alone produced a decrease in HR compared with control. The observed reduced SBP and DBP produced by doxorubicin were also alleviated by the administration of metformin. There were increases in BP parameters measured in normotensive rats with metformin alone.Conclusions: In conclusion, metformin was found to attenuate doxorubicin-induced alteration in ECG pattern and restored the mechanical and physiological functions of the rat heart. Our data further suggests monitoring of CVS changes such as ECG particularly with drugs known to cause myocardial injury.

ACS Style

Promise Madu Emeka; Anas Al-Ahmed. Effect of metformin on ECG, HR and BP of rats administered with cardiotoxic agent doxorubicin. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 2017, 6, 1054 -1059.

AMA Style

Promise Madu Emeka, Anas Al-Ahmed. Effect of metformin on ECG, HR and BP of rats administered with cardiotoxic agent doxorubicin. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. 2017; 6 (5):1054-1059.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Promise Madu Emeka; Anas Al-Ahmed. 2017. "Effect of metformin on ECG, HR and BP of rats administered with cardiotoxic agent doxorubicin." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 5: 1054-1059.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
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To investigate requests for common prescription-only aphrodisiacs across community pharmacies in the Alahsa region of KSA. A cross-sectional study was conducted among conveniently selected pharmacies in the eastern region of Alahsa, KSA. Self-administered questionnaires were directly distributed to 73 consenting community pharmacies. Completed questionnaires were coded, reviewed for accuracy and entered into a database in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Version 19.0; IBM Corporation, Somers, NY). The data were analysed using descriptive analysis. The survey response rate was 72.60%. With respect to the availability of aphrodisiacs and sexual supplements, most of the pharmacists disclosed that they had stocks of Viagra and Cialis. The most common men's health complication reported by pharmacists was erectile dysfunction (n = 12, 22.6%), followed by premature ejaculation (n = 4, 7.5%) and low sexual desire (n = 1, 1.9%). Less than half of pharmacists (n = 9, 16.9%) cited Viagra and Cialis as preferred drugs for treating premature ejaculation. Approximately 32 (60.3%) proposed delayed sprays as the first line of action, while 13 (24.5%) considered antidepressants as their first-choice drug. The non-prescription dispensing of prescription-only medicines, including sexual enhancement products, is common in KSA. The majority of pharmacists continue to violate pharmaceutical laws without recognizing the potential harm they are causing their communities. Stakeholders should organize training and certification initiatives to ensure that pharmacists are aware of and comply with national pharmaceutical laws. These agencies should also ensure that pharmacies maintain safe and ethical practices.

ACS Style

Amal K. Suleiman; Tahir Khan; Promise Madu Emeka; Sohail Ahmad; Sarab M. Mansoor. The public purchase of aphrodisiac products without prescriptions in the Alahsa region of KSA. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 2016, 11, 413 -417.

AMA Style

Amal K. Suleiman, Tahir Khan, Promise Madu Emeka, Sohail Ahmad, Sarab M. Mansoor. The public purchase of aphrodisiac products without prescriptions in the Alahsa region of KSA. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2016; 11 (5):413-417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amal K. Suleiman; Tahir Khan; Promise Madu Emeka; Sohail Ahmad; Sarab M. Mansoor. 2016. "The public purchase of aphrodisiac products without prescriptions in the Alahsa region of KSA." Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 11, no. 5: 413-417.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science
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From inception, the health care system in Saudi Arabia has ensured the availability of health care facilities to its people. This article discusses the pharmaceutical pricing policies and the impact of health drug prices on the public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A review of government and Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) policy documents, guidelines, and articles published in PubMed and other indexed journals (N = 10) was performed to identify the relevant literature. Results showed that the government appears poised and focused on the availability of better health care facilities to the Saudi population. The pharmaceutical market in Saudi Arabia commands a large portion of the pharmaceuticals market share in the entire Middle East region. The government, through the SFDA, sets the prices of pharmaceutical products. There are occasional price variations, which are induced by a number of factors. However, because the Saudis enjoy free health care coupled with the recent introduction of a compulsory health insurance policy, the impact of price variation is not felt. In addition, the Saudis prefer using branded medicines. The SFDA plays a major role in price regulation by setting up rules for pharmaceutical product pricing. However, there appears to be little or no impact of pharmaceutical price variation in Saudi Arabia because of better earning power among the population and free health care access to public health facilities.

ACS Style

Tahir Mehmood Khan; Promise Emeka; Amal Khalil Suleiman; Fahad Sahood Alnutafy; Hisham Aljadhey. Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies and Procedures in Saudi Arabia: A Narrative Review. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science 2016, 50, 236 -240.

AMA Style

Tahir Mehmood Khan, Promise Emeka, Amal Khalil Suleiman, Fahad Sahood Alnutafy, Hisham Aljadhey. Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies and Procedures in Saudi Arabia: A Narrative Review. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science. 2016; 50 (2):236-240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tahir Mehmood Khan; Promise Emeka; Amal Khalil Suleiman; Fahad Sahood Alnutafy; Hisham Aljadhey. 2016. "Pharmaceutical Pricing Policies and Procedures in Saudi Arabia: A Narrative Review." Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science 50, no. 2: 236-240.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
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Lorina Badger Emeka; Promise Madu Emeka; Tahir Mehmood Khan. Antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa L. seed oil against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic wounds. pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2015, 28, 1 .

AMA Style

Lorina Badger Emeka, Promise Madu Emeka, Tahir Mehmood Khan. Antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa L. seed oil against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic wounds. pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2015; 28 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorina Badger Emeka; Promise Madu Emeka; Tahir Mehmood Khan. 2015. "Antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa L. seed oil against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic wounds." pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences 28, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2015 in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences
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Lack of consensus in published works regarding cypermethrin's ability to produce teratogenic and embyotoxic effects has led to postulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of cypermethrin in 5% vegetable oil using albino rats. Acute toxicity study of cypermethrin was evaluated using Probit analysis method. Percentage mortality was calculated and LD50 was determined. In addition, pregnant female rats in different groups received different oral doses from day 6 to 15 of gestation. Caesarean section was performed on day 20 to examine fetuses because their gestation period is between 21 to 22 days. Animals given higher doses experienced hyper- salivation, irritability, convulsion, respiratory distress and death, with on an LD50 of 85.1 mg/kg body weight. Autopsy findings revealed vascular congestion and haemorrhage in different organs. Teratogenic and embryotoxic study revealed reduced fetal weights and with ecchymosis particularly in higher doses. The extent of fetal death and resorptions observed were not statistically significant compared to controls. Histological examination and skeletal staining technique showed no significant abnormalities despite the use of high doses of cypermethrin. The finding of ecchymosis is new, along with low birth weight, which appears to be a consistent effect of cypermethrin. Key words: Cypermethrin, teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, low birth weight, fetuses, malformation.

ACS Style

Promise Madu Emeka; Emeka Promise Madu. Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of orally administered cypermethrin in pregnant albino rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences 2015, 7, 60 -67.

AMA Style

Promise Madu Emeka, Emeka Promise Madu. Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of orally administered cypermethrin in pregnant albino rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences. 2015; 7 (7):60-67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Promise Madu Emeka; Emeka Promise Madu. 2015. "Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of orally administered cypermethrin in pregnant albino rats." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences 7, no. 7: 60-67.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Health
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The main treatment strategy for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is averting the use of oxidative precipitants like drugs or foods that trigger haemolysis. However, subjects could experience acute crisis in a comorbidity state of diabetes, hypertension or infection. In addition, the condition could in turn predispose carriers to these chronic diseases. Aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of haemolytic crisis in carriers with attendant chronic diseases, and also assess awareness and knowledge of aggravated reactions from these conditions. 282 subjects consented and participated in the study. A cross-sectional semi-structured interview questionnaire conducted from May to August 2013 was adopted. Questions focused on demographics, awareness and when disease was diagnosed, type and frequency of crisis, family history, screening and presence of other diseases and awareness of trigger from these conditions. A total of 69.9% were G6PD deficiency gene carriers and mostly fell within the age group of 31 - 40 (43.6%). 75.6% of the carriers were not aware that other disease conditions could exacerbate crisis. Non-drug related crisis was 85.3% compared with 14.7 drug related reactions. Out of the 69.9% carriers, 17.3% are diabetics, 18.3% of them are hypertensive and 25.9% are with bleeding disorders. Also, 29.1% had frequent episodes with bacterial infection. Symptoms experienced that were not drug related included, 44.8% attacks of pallor, 25.3% jaundice, 28.5% with shortness of breath, while 21.7% had dark urine frequently. No routine screening for other diseased conditions was carried out for these subjects despite experiencing frequent crisis that were not drug related. Carriers with other diseased conditions experienced more non-drug related crisis and were not aware of it.

ACS Style

Promise Emeka; Hussien Al Hilal; Afzal H. Asif; Ahmed Almukhalaf; Tahir Khan. An Assessment of Frequent Haemolytic Crisis in G6PD Deficiency Subjects Linked with Chronic Disease States in Al Ahsa Community, Saudi Arabia. Health 2015, 07, 625 -632.

AMA Style

Promise Emeka, Hussien Al Hilal, Afzal H. Asif, Ahmed Almukhalaf, Tahir Khan. An Assessment of Frequent Haemolytic Crisis in G6PD Deficiency Subjects Linked with Chronic Disease States in Al Ahsa Community, Saudi Arabia. Health. 2015; 07 (05):625-632.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Promise Emeka; Hussien Al Hilal; Afzal H. Asif; Ahmed Almukhalaf; Tahir Khan. 2015. "An Assessment of Frequent Haemolytic Crisis in G6PD Deficiency Subjects Linked with Chronic Disease States in Al Ahsa Community, Saudi Arabia." Health 07, no. 05: 625-632.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2014 in Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning
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To assess Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students’ interprofessional perceptions about the pharmacy profession in Saudi Arabia. A 26-item questionnaire was used to attain the aims of the study. The contents of the study tool were adapted and modified from The Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS). Factor analysis was performed as mentioned by Luecht, Madsen, and Taugher. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 13®. The response rate to this survey was 89.7%. Overall, the female respondents were found to have lower interprofessional perception scores than male students, 13.4 ± 2.17. Overall, the final-year (fifth year) students had a better perception regarding professional competence and autonomy (14.1 ± 2.06), followed by the first-year students. In terms of the perceived need for professional cooperation, significant differences were noted based on motivation to choose pharmacy as a profession and participation in any workshop or conference in the last six months. Regarding the perception of actual cooperation/resource sharing within and across professions, significant differences were seen in terms of academic years. Previous job experience, attendance at a workshop, and hospital/community pharmacy training in the last six months were found to significantly affect the students’ perceptions of Factor 4. Final-year students have better interprofessional perceptions than their juniors do. In addition, motivation to enter the pharmacy profession, participation in recent scientific conferences, and practice exposure were found to significantly affect the interprofessional perceptions of students.

ACS Style

Tahir M. Khan; Promise Madu Emeka; Hisham Aljadhey; Abdul Haseeb. Study investigating pharmacy students’ interprofessional perceptions toward the pharmacy profession in Saudi Arabia. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 2014, 7, 62 -69.

AMA Style

Tahir M. Khan, Promise Madu Emeka, Hisham Aljadhey, Abdul Haseeb. Study investigating pharmacy students’ interprofessional perceptions toward the pharmacy profession in Saudi Arabia. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning. 2014; 7 (1):62-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tahir M. Khan; Promise Madu Emeka; Hisham Aljadhey; Abdul Haseeb. 2014. "Study investigating pharmacy students’ interprofessional perceptions toward the pharmacy profession in Saudi Arabia." Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 7, no. 1: 62-69.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2014 in African Journal of Biotechnology
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Multi-drug resistant bacterial strains evolving worldwide has created a great public health problem that needs urgent attention; as such bacteria show resistance to the drug of choice for treatment as well as being resistant to newer and last line antibiotics. In this study, the antibiotic susceptibility, multi antibiotic resistance (MAR) index and plasmid profile of MDR Staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic wounds of patients presenting at Renaissance hospital Nsukka, Southeast, Nigeria were investigated. Using basic bacteriological and biochemical techniques, S. aureus was isolated from all 34 specimens and 19 of these showed multi-drug resistances to most of the commonly prescribed antibiotics in the region, with methicillin and vancomycin inclusive. The 19 MDR isolates were screened for the presence of plasmids as well as calculating the multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) index. The results show the presence of plasmids in 18 (94.73%) of the specimens; while there was no plasmid in one. The plasmids varied in the range of their molecular sizes and nine different plasmid profile groups were identified ranging between 4946 (bp) to 12130 (bp). For the 19 MDR isolates, the calculated MAR index was greater than 0.2. The findings from this study show that 56% of the isolated S. aureus were not susceptible to current antibiotics. This could suggest an imminent change in resistant pattern as observed, particularly in an area already reported as high antibiotic use. Key word: Staphylococcus aureus, susceptibility, antibiotic resistance, plasmids, diabetic wound.

ACS Style

Badger-Emeka L. I.; P. M Emeka; U. M. E. Dibua. Plasmid profile of multi antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic wounds from patients at Nsukka, South-eastern, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 2014, 13, 4148 -4154.

AMA Style

Badger-Emeka L. I., P. M Emeka, U. M. E. Dibua. Plasmid profile of multi antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic wounds from patients at Nsukka, South-eastern, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2014; 13 (43):4148-4154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Badger-Emeka L. I.; P. M Emeka; U. M. E. Dibua. 2014. "Plasmid profile of multi antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from diabetic wounds from patients at Nsukka, South-eastern, Nigeria." African Journal of Biotechnology 13, no. 43: 4148-4154.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2014 in Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
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Use of non-prescription antibiotics can portend danger and predispose the populace to changes in bacterial resistance pattern. The aims of this study were to (a) evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of residents of Al-Ahsa community, Saudi Arabia on the use of non-prescribed antibiotics. (b) To identify possible predictors (if any) for self-medication within the community. A cross-sectional survey study, using self-administered questionnaire was conducted in two sections; demographics and self-medication attitude (in form of self-antibiotic use). Questions contained the following outcomes; for demographics; gender, age, education level and common disease within the community. Whereas the second part evaluated sources of information, knowledge of antibiotics, frequency/duration of use, underlined illness in which drug use was employed, names of antibiotics used and awareness of adverse effects of antibiotics. Results revealed that the adult population in the 18–40 year age range constituted about 82.5% of the respondents. Also 18–29 age group made of 60.5% of the respondents and that 56.8% the respondents are university graduates. Cold (18.8%) and sore throat (13.0%) were the diseases commonly found among the community that drove them to using non-prescribed antibiotics. About 337 (72.8%) of the respondent mention the use of antibiotics to treat the illness, and 21 (4.5%) were aiming to prevent the illness. While, 19.4% of the respondents admitted to taking non-prescribed antibiotics for both prevention and treatment of illness. 43.6% of the respondents disclosed that they are not aware of the dangers of using non-prescribed antibiotics. In conclusion the use of non-prescribed antibiotics in this community is evident, as a significant number use them from previous experience for prevention and treatment of illness. Therefore introduction of rational use of drugs will help in limiting the attendant development of bacterial resistance.

ACS Style

Promise Madu Emeka; Mokhtar Al-Omar; Tahir M. Khan. Public attitude and justification to purchase antibiotics in the Eastern region Al Ahsa of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2014, 22, 550 -554.

AMA Style

Promise Madu Emeka, Mokhtar Al-Omar, Tahir M. Khan. Public attitude and justification to purchase antibiotics in the Eastern region Al Ahsa of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2014; 22 (6):550-554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Promise Madu Emeka; Mokhtar Al-Omar; Tahir M. Khan. 2014. "Public attitude and justification to purchase antibiotics in the Eastern region Al Ahsa of Saudi Arabia." Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 22, no. 6: 550-554.

Original article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Pharmacognosy Magazine
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Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary combination of Nigella sativa seed and oil extracts with chloroquine (CQ), and how these combinations enhance CQ efficacy in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and their survival rates. Materials and Methods: Chloroquine sensitive P. berghei, NK65 strain was used for the study. This was passaged intraperitoneally into albino mice with a 0.2ml standard inoculum consisting of 10 6 parasitized erythrocyte suspension in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Parasitaemia was ascertained by microscopical examination of blood films under oil immersion at X100 magnification. Results: Nigella sativa seed in feed (NSSF), NSSF + CQ on day 4, produced 86.1% and 86.0% suppression respectively, while Nigella sativa oil extract in feed (NSOF) and in combination with CQ had 86.0% and 99.9% suppression respectively. The degree of suppression with the combination was significantly higher compared to CQ alone (P < 0.001) (36.1%). Complete parasitaemia clearance was obtained on the 20 th and 15 th day of treatment for NSSF, NSSF + CQ respectively, while that for NSOF and NSOF + CQ was on days 26 and 12 respectively. For CQ parasite clearance was 12 days with treatment. Also, the combinastion of 10 mg/kg Nigella sativa oil treatment injected intraperitoneally with oral CQ produced very significant parasite suppression (P < 0.0001) (93%). Survival rate in NSSF and NSOF and in combination with CQ groups was 100 and 60.0% for CQ alone. Conclusion : sThis study shows that the use of Nigella sativa seed and oil extract as dietary supplements in combination with CQ has a potential in enhancing the efficacy of CQ and could be of benefit in management of malaria.

ACS Style

Promise Madu Emeka; Lorina Ineta Badger-Emeka; Chiamaka Maryann Eneh; Tahir Mahmood Khan. Dietary supplementation of chloroquine with nigella sativa seed and oil extracts in the treatment of malaria induced in mice with plasmodium berghei. Pharmacognosy Magazine 2014, 10, 357 -62.

AMA Style

Promise Madu Emeka, Lorina Ineta Badger-Emeka, Chiamaka Maryann Eneh, Tahir Mahmood Khan. Dietary supplementation of chloroquine with nigella sativa seed and oil extracts in the treatment of malaria induced in mice with plasmodium berghei. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2014; 10 (38):357-62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Promise Madu Emeka; Lorina Ineta Badger-Emeka; Chiamaka Maryann Eneh; Tahir Mahmood Khan. 2014. "Dietary supplementation of chloroquine with nigella sativa seed and oil extracts in the treatment of malaria induced in mice with plasmodium berghei." Pharmacognosy Magazine 10, no. 38: 357-62.