This study proposes a novel technique of cooperative control for a distributed hybrid DC/AC Microgrid (MG) by designing a digital Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter-based Proportional-Resonant (PR) current controller. This controller adopts an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) trained by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to control inverter output current while tracking Maximum Power Point (MPP). A hybrid ANFIS-PSO extracts maximum power from both inverter and boost converter-based solar Photovoltaics (PVs) systems quickly and with zero oscillation tracking. The proposed PR controller cancels harmonics while achieving high gain at the resonant frequency (grid frequency). The PR controller offers quick reference signal tracking, grid frequency drift adaptation, easy system design, and no steady-state error. Moreover, this investigation features a PR controller frequency-domain analysis. The proposed technique smooths voltage and improves steady-state and transient responses. Cooperative control is implemented on an IEEE 14-bus MG with distributed communication. The findings indicate that the proposed control technique can regulate MG voltage to obtain a more stable voltage profile. The adopted MG, made up of dispersed resources, is crucial for assessing power flow and quality indicators in a smart power grid. Finally, numerical simulation results are utilized to verify the recommended technique.

This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of tsunami evacuation models. The review covers scientific studies from the last decade (2012–2021) and is explicitly focused on models using an agent-based approach. The PRISMA methodology was used to analyze 171 selected papers, resulting in over 53 studies included in the detailed full-text analysis. This review is divided into two main parts: (1) a descriptive analysis of the presented models (focused on the modeling tools, validation, and software platform used, etc.), and (2) model analysis (e.g., model purpose, types of agents, input and output data, and modeled area). Special attention was given to the features of these models specifically associated with an agent-based approach. The results lead to the conclusion that the research domain of agent-based tsunami evacuation models is quite narrow and specialized, with a high degree of variability in the model attributes and properties. At the same time, the application of agent-specific methodologies, protocols, organizational paradigms, or standards is sparse.

Dealing with the islanded operation of a microgrid (MG), the micro sources must cooperate autonomously to regulate the voltage and frequency of the local power grid. Droop controller-based primary control is a method typically used to self-regulate voltage and frequency. The first problem of the droop method is that in a steady state, the microgrid’s frequency and voltage deviate from their nominal values. The second concerns the power-sharing issue related to mismatched power line impedances between Distribution Generators (DGs) and MGs. A Secondary Control Unit (SCU) must be used as a high-level controller for droop-based primary control to address the first problem. This paper proposed a decentralized SCU scheme to deal with this issue using optimized PI controllers based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The GA provides the appropriate adjustment parameters for all adopted PI controllers in the primary control-based voltage and current control loops and SCU-based voltage and frequency loops. ANNs are additionally activated in SCUs to provide precise online control parameter modification. In the proposed control structure, a virtual impedance method is adopted in the primary control scheme to address the power-sharing problem of parallel DGs. Further, in this paper, one of the main objectives includes electricity transmission over long distances using Low-Voltage DC Transmission (LVDCT) systems to reduce power losses and eradicate reactive power problems. Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs) are adopted to convert the DC electrical energy into AC near the consumer loads. The simulation results illustrated the feasibility of the proposed solutions in restoring voltage and frequency deviations, reducing line losses, as well as achieving active and reactive power sharing among the DGs connected to the MG.

Various organizations and institutions store large volumes of tsunami-related data, whose availability and quality should benefit society, as it improves decision making before the tsunami occurrence, during the tsunami impact, and when coping with the aftermath. However, the existing digital ecosystem surrounding tsunami research prevents us from extracting the maximum benefit from our research investments. The main objective of this study is to explore the field of data repositories providing secondary data associated with tsunami research and analyze the current situation. We analyze the mutual interconnections of references in scientific studies published in the Web of Science database, governmental bodies, commercial organizations, and research agencies. A set of criteria was used to evaluate content and searchability. We identified 60 data repositories with records used in tsunami research. The heterogeneity of data formats, deactivated or nonfunctional web pages, the generality of data repositories, or poor dataset arrangement represent the most significant weak points. We outline the potential contribution of ontology engineering as an example of computer science methods that enable improvements in tsunami-related data management.

The Basrah Refinery, Iraq, similarly to other refineries, is subject to several industrial constraints. Therefore, the main challenge is to optimize the parameters of the level controller of the process unit tanks. In this paper, a PI controller is designed for these important processes in the Basrah Refinery, which is a separator drum (D5204). Furthermore, the improvement of the PI controller is achieved under several constraints, such as the inlet liquid flow rate to tank (m2) and valve opening in yi%, by using two different techniques: the first one is conducted using a closed-Loop PID auto-tuner that is based on a frequency system estimator, and the other one is via the reinforcement learning approach (RL). RL is employed through two approaches: the first is calculating the optimal PI parameters as an offline tuner, and the second is using RL as an online tuner to optimize the PI parameters. In this case, the RL system works as a PI-like controller of RD5204. The mathematical model of the RD5204 system is derived and simulated using MATLAB. Several experiments are designed to validate the proposed controller. Further, the performance of the proposed system is evaluated under several industrial constraints, such as disturbances and noise, in which the results indict that RL as a tuner for the parameters of the PI controller is superior to other methods. Furthermore, using RL as a PI-like controller increases the controller’s robustness against uncertainty and perturbations.

Immense numbers of textual documents are available in a digital form. Research activities are focused on methods of how to speed up their processing to avoid information overloading or to provide formal structures for the problem solving or decision making of intelligent agents. Ontology learning is one of the directions which contributes to all of these activities. The main aim of the ontology learning is to semi-automatically, or fully automatically, extract ontologies—formal structures able to express information or knowledge. The primary motivation behind this paper is to facilitate the processing of a large collection of papers focused on disaster management, especially on tsunami research, using the ontology learning. Various tools of ontology learning are mentioned in the literature at present. The main aim of the paper is to uncover these tools, i.e., to find out which of these tools can be practically used for ontology learning in the tsunami application domain. Specific criteria are predefined for their evaluation, with respect to the “Ontology learning layer cake”, which introduces the fundamental phases of ontology learning. ScienceDirect and Web of Science scientific databases are explored, and various solutions for semantics extraction are manually “mined” from the journal articles. ProgrammableWeb site is used for exploration of the tools, frameworks, or APIs applied for the same purpose. Statistics answer the question of which tools are mostly mentioned in these journal articles and on the website. These tools are then investigated more thoroughly, and conclusions about their usage are made with respect to the tsunami domain, for which the tools are tested. Results are not satisfactory because only a limited number of tools can be practically used for ontology learning at present.