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Yeudy F. Vargas Alzate
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Building D2, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 30 May 2021 in Geosciences
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This paper focuses on the identification of high-efficiency intensity measures to predict the seismic response of buildings affected by near- and far-fault ground motion records. Near-fault ground motion has received special attention, as it tends to increase the expected damage to civil structures compared to that from ruptures originating further afield. In order to verify this tendency, the nonlinear dynamic response of 3D multi-degree-of-freedom models is estimated by using a subset of records whose distance to the epicenter is lower than 10 km. In addition, to quantify how much the expected demand may increase because of the proximity to the fault, another subset of records, whose distance to the epicenter is in the range between 10 and 30 km, has been analyzed. Then, spectral and energy-based intensity measures as well as those obtained from specific computations of the ground motion record are calculated and correlated to several engineering demand parameters. From these analyses, fragility curves are derived and compared for both subsets of records. It has been observed that the subset of records nearer to the fault tends to produce fragility functions with higher probabilities of exceedance than the ones derived for far-fault records. Results also show that the efficiency of the intensity measures is similar for both subsets of records, but it varies depending on the engineering demand parameter to be predicted.

ACS Style

Yeudy Vargas-Alzate; Jorge Hurtado. Efficiency of Intensity Measures Considering Near- and Far-Fault Ground Motion Records. Geosciences 2021, 11, 234 .

AMA Style

Yeudy Vargas-Alzate, Jorge Hurtado. Efficiency of Intensity Measures Considering Near- and Far-Fault Ground Motion Records. Geosciences. 2021; 11 (6):234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yeudy Vargas-Alzate; Jorge Hurtado. 2021. "Efficiency of Intensity Measures Considering Near- and Far-Fault Ground Motion Records." Geosciences 11, no. 6: 234.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in Engineering Structures
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In Costa Rica, typical dwelling constructions are generally built with reinforced concrete masonry walls. This construction practice became one of the most common during the second half of the last century in Costa Rica. These kinds of structures exhibit high lateral stiffness and shear capacity, which makes them susceptible to semi-ductile failure or torsion if they are not correctly designed and constructed or the walls are not well distributed. However, recent research has shown that this type of masonry exhibits adequate capacity to dissipate plastic energy if the latter requirements are controlled. In this study, the seismic behavior of a recently designed and built reinforced concrete masonry structure is studied from a probabilistic perspective. Experimental results have been used to calibrate the probabilistic model. This structure was designed using the response spectrum method according to the Costa Rican Seismic Code. To verify its expected behavior considering more advanced analysis, it is analyzed through probabilistic incremental nonlinear static and dynamic computational-based methods. The aim is to obtain probabilistic damage curves in a series of permutations between the mechanical properties and the nonlinear behavior of the walls. Three different Damage Indices are estimated. Specifically, the Park & Ang damage index is used as a reference for two approximations that employ the capacity curve as input. Results indicate that the behavior of the analyzed structure is suitable for the seismic demand provided by the Costa Rican Seismic Code. Finally, correlations between input and output variables are calculated to analyze what are the variables governing the structural response. A strong relationship between masonry compression strength, Young’s module, and the post yielding slope (input variables) and all the output variables has been observed.

ACS Style

Diego A. Hidalgo-Leiva; Luis G. Pujades; Alex H. Barbat; Yeudy F. Vargas; Sergio A. Díaz. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of Costa Rican reinforced concrete masonry structures. Engineering Structures 2021, 234, 111998 .

AMA Style

Diego A. Hidalgo-Leiva, Luis G. Pujades, Alex H. Barbat, Yeudy F. Vargas, Sergio A. Díaz. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of Costa Rican reinforced concrete masonry structures. Engineering Structures. 2021; 234 ():111998.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diego A. Hidalgo-Leiva; Luis G. Pujades; Alex H. Barbat; Yeudy F. Vargas; Sergio A. Díaz. 2021. "Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of Costa Rican reinforced concrete masonry structures." Engineering Structures 234, no. : 111998.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2020 in Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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Estimations of seismic risk in urban areas should include quantifications of the expected damage to civil structures subjected to earthquakes. In buildings, this quantification depends on the maximum inter-story drift (MIDR), among other aspects. In this study, the correlation between several intensity measures (IMs) and the maximum inter-story drift of steel structures was investigated. Three steel frame buildings of 3, 7 and 13 stories were used as a testbed. These buildings were modelled as 2D framed structures. For the seismic hazard, forty strong ground motion pairs were selected (80 individual horizontal components) from the Italian database. These records were scaled to a specific peak ground acceleration (PGA) and matched to a design spectrum from Eurocode 8. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was used to estimate the seismic response of the structures. Thus, 720 nonlinear dynamic analyses (NLDA) were performed [3 structures × (80 as recorded accelerograms + 80 scaled records + 80 matched records)]. Preliminary results indicate that PGA and MIDR show the worst correlation. A higher correlation was observed for peak ground velocity, root-mean-square velocity and specific energy density intensity-based measures. Finally, a new IM, which is highly correlated with MIDR, is proposed. This IM is called IΔ-PGV and considers both the PGV and the significant duration.

ACS Style

Luis A. Pinzón; Yeudy F. Vargas-Alzate; Luis G. Pujades; Sergio A. Diaz. A drift-correlated ground motion intensity measure: Application to steel frame buildings. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 2020, 132, 106096 .

AMA Style

Luis A. Pinzón, Yeudy F. Vargas-Alzate, Luis G. Pujades, Sergio A. Diaz. A drift-correlated ground motion intensity measure: Application to steel frame buildings. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2020; 132 ():106096.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis A. Pinzón; Yeudy F. Vargas-Alzate; Luis G. Pujades; Sergio A. Diaz. 2020. "A drift-correlated ground motion intensity measure: Application to steel frame buildings." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 132, no. : 106096.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2020 in Sustainability
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The basic input when seismic risk is estimated in urban environments is the expected physical damage level of buildings. The vulnerability index and capacity spectrum-based methods are the tools that have been used most to estimate the probability of occurrence of this important variable. Although both methods provide adequate estimates, they involve simplifications that are no longer necessary, given the current capacity of computers. In this study, an advanced method is developed that avoids many of these simplifications. The method starts from current state-of-the-art approaches, but it incorporates non-linear dynamic analysis and a probabilistic focus. Thus, the method considers not only the nonlinear dynamic response of the structures, modeled as multi degree of freedom systems (MDoF), but also uncertainties related to the loads, the geometry of the buildings, the mechanical properties of the materials and the seismic action. Once the method has been developed, the buildings are subjected to earthquake records that are selected and scaled according to the seismic hazard of the site and considering the probabilistic nature of the seismic actions. The practical applications of the method are illustrated with a case study: framed reinforced concrete buildings that are typical of an important district, the Eixample, in Barcelona (Spain). The building typology and the district were chosen because the seismic risk in Barcelona has been thoroughly studied, so detailed information about buildings’ features, seismic hazard and expected risk is available. Hence, the current results can be compared with those obtained using simpler, less sophisticated methods. The main aspects of the method are presented and discussed first. Then, the case study is described and the results obtained with the capacity spectrum method are compared with the results using the approach presented here. The results at hand show reasonably good agreement with previous seismic damage and risk scenarios in Barcelona, but the new method provides richer, more detailed, more reliable information. This is particularly useful for seismic risk reduction, prevention and management, to move towards more resilient, sustainable cities.

ACS Style

Yeudy Vargas-Alzate; Nieves Lantada; Ramón González-Drigo; Luis Pujades. Seismic Risk Assessment Using Stochastic Nonlinear Models. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1308 .

AMA Style

Yeudy Vargas-Alzate, Nieves Lantada, Ramón González-Drigo, Luis Pujades. Seismic Risk Assessment Using Stochastic Nonlinear Models. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yeudy Vargas-Alzate; Nieves Lantada; Ramón González-Drigo; Luis Pujades. 2020. "Seismic Risk Assessment Using Stochastic Nonlinear Models." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1308.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2019 in Remote Sensing
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In this study the main results of a detailed analysis of an actual building, which was severely damaged during the Mw 5.1, May 11th 2011, Lorca earthquake (Murcia, Spain) are presented. The dynamic behavior of the building was analyzed by means of empirical and numerical approaches. The displacement response of the building submitted to ambient noise was recorded by using a Real Aperture Radar (RAR). This approach provides a secure remote sensing procedure that does not require entering the building. Based on the blueprints and other available graphical information about the building, a numeric 3D model was also set up, allowing obtaining capacity spectra and fragility curves in the two main resistant directions of the building. The main purpose of this study was to check out the feasibility of the RAR-based method to detect the safety state of a damaged building after an earthquake, without the need of entering unsafe structures. A good consistency of the numerical and experimental approaches and the observed damage was obtained, showing that RAR interferometric-based tools may provide promising supplementary remote sensing methods to safely survey and report about the structural health and the operative conditions of buildings in post-earthquake scenarios.

ACS Style

Ramon Gonzalez-Drigo; Esteban Cabrera; Guido Luzi; Luis G. Pujades; Yeudy F. Vargas-Alzate; Jorge Avila-Haro. Assessment of Post-Earthquake Damaged Building with Interferometric Real Aperture Radar. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 2830 .

AMA Style

Ramon Gonzalez-Drigo, Esteban Cabrera, Guido Luzi, Luis G. Pujades, Yeudy F. Vargas-Alzate, Jorge Avila-Haro. Assessment of Post-Earthquake Damaged Building with Interferometric Real Aperture Radar. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (23):2830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramon Gonzalez-Drigo; Esteban Cabrera; Guido Luzi; Luis G. Pujades; Yeudy F. Vargas-Alzate; Jorge Avila-Haro. 2019. "Assessment of Post-Earthquake Damaged Building with Interferometric Real Aperture Radar." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23: 2830.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2017 in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering
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Most of buildings and structures are usually projected according to two main axes. However, the geographical position of these buildings varies randomly. Such random distributions of the azimuthal positions of structures, in most of the cities, generally, are not accounted for when assessing their seismic risk; certainly, the direction of the seismic loads is another highly random variable. Moreover, an additional important source of uncertainty is related to the structural response, mainly due to the random character of the mechanical properties. There is a consensus that uncertainties must be considered for adequately assessing the seismic risk of structures, but these directionality effects have not been deeply explored so far. In this article, the influence of the high uncertainty involved in these input variables on the expected seismic damage is analysed. Thus, an actual earthquake, which affected the southern part of Spain, is studied. Notably, damages on a group of affected buildings, located close to the epicentre, are analysed and discussed in detail. The results show that the influence of the random azimuthal position of structures is an important source of uncertainty and that it should be taken into account when estimating the expected seismic risk in urban areas.

ACS Style

Yeudy F. Vargas Alzate; Lluis G. Pujades Beneit; Alex H. Barbat; Jorge E. Hurtado Gomez; Sergio A. Diaz Alvarado; Diego A. Hidalgo Leiva. Probabilistic seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings considering directionality effects. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 2017, 14, 817 -829.

AMA Style

Yeudy F. Vargas Alzate, Lluis G. Pujades Beneit, Alex H. Barbat, Jorge E. Hurtado Gomez, Sergio A. Diaz Alvarado, Diego A. Hidalgo Leiva. Probabilistic seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings considering directionality effects. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. 2017; 14 (6):817-829.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yeudy F. Vargas Alzate; Lluis G. Pujades Beneit; Alex H. Barbat; Jorge E. Hurtado Gomez; Sergio A. Diaz Alvarado; Diego A. Hidalgo Leiva. 2017. "Probabilistic seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings considering directionality effects." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 14, no. 6: 817-829.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2013 in Computational Methods in Applied Sciences
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Capacity-spectrum-based-methods are also used for assessing the vulnerability and risk of existing buildings. Capacity curves are usually obtained by means of nonlinear static analysis. Incremental Dynamic Analysis is another powerful tool based on nonlinear dynamic analysis. This method is similar to the pushover analysis as the input is increasingly enlarged but it is different as it is based on dynamic analysis. Moreover, it is well known that the randomness associated to the structural response can be significant, because of the uncertainties involved in the mechanical properties of the materials, among other uncertainty sources, and because the expected seismic actions are also highly stochastic. Selected mechanical properties are considered as random variables and the seismic hazard is considered in a probabilistic way. A number of accelerograms of actual European seismic events have been selected in such a way that their response spectra fit well the response spectra provided by the seismic codes for the zone where the target building is constructed. In this work a fully probabilistic approach is tackled by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The method is applied to a detailed study of the seismic response of a reinforced concrete building. The building is representative for office buildings in Spain but the procedures used and the results obtained can be extended to other types of buildings. The main purposes of this work are (1) to analyze the differences when static and dynamic techniques are used and (2) to obtain a measure of the uncertainties involved in the assessment of the vulnerability of structures. The results show that static based procedures are somehow conservative and that uncertainties increase with the severity of the seismic actions and with the damage. Low damage state fragility curves have little uncertainty while high damage grades fragility curves show great scattering.

ACS Style

Yeudy F. Vargas; Luis G. Pujades; Alex H. Barbat; Jorge E. Hurtado. Incremental Dynamic Analysis and Pushover Analysis of Buildings. A Probabilistic Comparison. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences 2013, 293 -308.

AMA Style

Yeudy F. Vargas, Luis G. Pujades, Alex H. Barbat, Jorge E. Hurtado. Incremental Dynamic Analysis and Pushover Analysis of Buildings. A Probabilistic Comparison. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences. 2013; ():293-308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yeudy F. Vargas; Luis G. Pujades; Alex H. Barbat; Jorge E. Hurtado. 2013. "Incremental Dynamic Analysis and Pushover Analysis of Buildings. A Probabilistic Comparison." Computational Methods in Applied Sciences , no. : 293-308.