This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
The percentage of the population in urban areas has increased by ten points from 2000 (46%) to 2020 (56%); it is expected to reach up to 70% by 2050. This undoubtedly will encourage society to use alternative transports. On the other hand, the widespread fear of pandemics seems to be here to stay, and it is causing most people to leave public transport to use private cars, and a few have chosen unipersonal electric vehicles. As a consequence, the decision of using private cars negatively affects the air quality, and consequently urban population health. This paper aims to demonstrate a sustainable solution for urban mobility based on a hydrogen powered unipersonal electric vehicle, which, as shown, provides great advantages over the conventional battery powered unipersonal electric vehicle. To show this, the authors have developed both vehicles in comparable versions, using the same platform, and ensuring that the total weight of the unipersonal electric vehicle was the same in both cases. They have been subjected to experimental tests that support the features of the hydrogen-based configuration versus the battery-based one, including higher specific energy, more autonomy, and shorter recharge time.
F. Isorna Llerena; E. López González; J. Caparrós Mancera; F. Segura Manzano; J. Andújar. Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5721 .
AMA StyleF. Isorna Llerena, E. López González, J. Caparrós Mancera, F. Segura Manzano, J. Andújar. Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5721.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Isorna Llerena; E. López González; J. Caparrós Mancera; F. Segura Manzano; J. Andújar. 2021. "Hydrogen vs. Battery-Based Propulsion Systems in Unipersonal Vehicles—Developing Solutions to Improve the Sustainability of Urban Mobility." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5721.
This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based energy management system (EMS) for microgrids with a combined battery and hydrogen energy storage system (ESS), which ensures the power balance according to the load demand at the time that it takes into account the improvement of the microgrid performance from a technical and economic point of view. As is known, renewable energy-based microgrids are receiving increasing interest in the research community, since they play a key role in the challenge of designing the next energy transition model. The integration of ESSs allows the absorption of the energy surplus in the microgrid to ensure power supply if the renewable resource is insufficient and the microgrid is isolated. If the microgrid can be connected to the main power grid, the freedom degrees increase and this allows, among other things, diminishment of the ESS size. Planning the operation of renewable sources-based microgrids requires both an efficient dispatching management between the available and the demanded energy and a reliable forecasting tool. The developed EMS is based on a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), which presents different advantages regarding other controllers: It is not necessary to know the model of the plant, and the linguistic rules that make up its inference engine are easily interpretable. These rules can incorporate expert knowledge, which simplifies the microgrid management, generally complex. The developed EMS has been subjected to a stress test that has demonstrated its excellent behavior. For that, a residential-type profile in an actual microgrid has been used. The developed fuzzy logic-based EMS, in addition to responding to the required load demand, can meet both technical (to prolong the devices’ lifespan) and economic (seeking the highest profitability and efficiency) established criteria, which can be introduced by the expert depending on the microgrid characteristic and profile demand to accomplish.
Francisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar; Adriana Palacio; Jaime Luis Saenz; Fernando Isorna; Eduardo López. Multi-objective Fuzzy Logic-based Energy Management System for Microgrids with Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage System. Electronics 2020, 9, 1074 .
AMA StyleFrancisco José Vivas, Francisca Segura, José Manuel Andújar, Adriana Palacio, Jaime Luis Saenz, Fernando Isorna, Eduardo López. Multi-objective Fuzzy Logic-based Energy Management System for Microgrids with Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage System. Electronics. 2020; 9 (7):1074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco José Vivas; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar; Adriana Palacio; Jaime Luis Saenz; Fernando Isorna; Eduardo López. 2020. "Multi-objective Fuzzy Logic-based Energy Management System for Microgrids with Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage System." Electronics 9, no. 7: 1074.
It is well proved that remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) are very useful systems for remote sensing in precision agricultural labors. INTA (National Institute for Aerospace Applications) and the University of Huelva are involved in Tecnolivo Project that proposes the development of a marketable and easy-to-use technological solution that allows integrated, ecological, and optimized management of the olive grove through non-invasive monitoring of key agronomic parameters using RPASs. The information collected by the RPAS in regards to the state of the vegetation, such as hydric stress levels, plague detection, or maturation of the fruit, are very interesting for farmers when it comes to make decisions about their crops. Current RPAS applications for precision agriculture are mainly developed for small- to medium-sized crops using rotary-wing RPASs with small range and endurance operation, leaving aside large-sized crops. This work shows the conversion of a fully declassified and obsolete fixed-wing internal combustion engine (ICE) remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), used as aerial target for military applications and in reconnaissance and surveillance missions at low cost, into an electric lithium polymer (LiPo) battery-driven RPA that will be used for precision agriculture in large-sized crop applications, as well as other applications for tracking and monitoring of endangered animal species in national parks. This RPA, being over twenty years old, has undergone a deep change. The applied methodology consisted of the design of a new propulsion system, based on an electric motor and batteries, maintaining the main airworthiness characteristics of the aircraft. Some other novelties achieved in this study were: (1) Change to a more efficient engine, less heavy and bulky, with a greater ratio of torque vs. size. Modernization of the fly control system and geolocation system. (2) Modification of the type and material of the propeller, reaching a higher performance. (3) Replacement of a polluting fuel, such as gasoline, with electricity from renewable sources. (4) Development of a new control software, etc. Preliminary results indicate that the endurance achieved with the new energy and propulsion systems and the payload weight available in the RPA meet the expectations of the use of this type of RPAS in the study of large areas of crops and surveillance.
Fernando Isorna Llerena; Álvaro Fernández Barranco; José Antonio Bogeat; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar. Converting a Fixed-Wing Internal Combustion Engine RPAS into an Electric Lithium-Ion Battery-Driven RPAS. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1573 .
AMA StyleFernando Isorna Llerena, Álvaro Fernández Barranco, José Antonio Bogeat, Francisca Segura, José Manuel Andújar. Converting a Fixed-Wing Internal Combustion Engine RPAS into an Electric Lithium-Ion Battery-Driven RPAS. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (5):1573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Isorna Llerena; Álvaro Fernández Barranco; José Antonio Bogeat; Francisca Segura; José Manuel Andújar. 2020. "Converting a Fixed-Wing Internal Combustion Engine RPAS into an Electric Lithium-Ion Battery-Driven RPAS." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5: 1573.
Fuel cells are a promising technology to use as a source of electricity and heat for buildings, and as an electrical power source for electric motors propelling vehicles. They consume hydrogen as fuel and oxygen to produce electricity, heat and water. Conventional fuels, such as natural gas, methanol, or even gasoline are reformed to produce the hydrogen required by the fuel cells. During the reforming process, impurities are inevitably obtained in the hydrogen flow. One of them is ammonia (NH3) that can result in serious damage to the fuel cell operation. In this paper, the effects produced by different concentrations of NH3 present in the hydrogen flow on the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance are studied, differentiating between irreversible and recoverable damages. Strictly experimental, the study includes both low and high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). The NH3 poisoning effect is analyzed and quantified by comparing the polarization curves. After the poisoning stage, the cells are subjected to a regeneration process (feeding the cell with neat H2) with the aim of knowing the membrane's recovery capacity. The experimental results demonstrate that in low temperature (LT)‐PEFCs, the cell recovers its performance almost completely with a new exposure to neat H2, in spite of the damage previously caused by the presence of traces of NH3 in the anode feed stream. In contrast, in high temperature (HT)‐PEFCs, the cell suffers irreversible damage, even with short time exposure to NH3. The paper concludes with discussing the possible chemical interactions by which NH3 affects the cell performance.
Fernando Isorna Llerena; A. De Las Heras Jiménez; Eduardo López González; F. Segura Manzano; J. M. Andújar Márquez. Effects of Ammonia Impurities on the Hydrogen Flow in High and Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. Fuel Cells 2019, 19, 651 -662.
AMA StyleFernando Isorna Llerena, A. De Las Heras Jiménez, Eduardo López González, F. Segura Manzano, J. M. Andújar Márquez. Effects of Ammonia Impurities on the Hydrogen Flow in High and Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. Fuel Cells. 2019; 19 (6):651-662.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Isorna Llerena; A. De Las Heras Jiménez; Eduardo López González; F. Segura Manzano; J. M. Andújar Márquez. 2019. "Effects of Ammonia Impurities on the Hydrogen Flow in High and Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." Fuel Cells 19, no. 6: 651-662.
Unmanned vehicles are increasing the performance of monitoring and surveillance in several applications. Endurance is a key issue in these systems, in particular in electric vehicles, powered at present mainly by batteries. Hybrid power systems based on batteries and fuel cells have the potential to achieve high energy density and specific energy, increasing also the life time and safe operating conditions of the power system. The objective of this research is to analyze the performance of a passive hybrid power system, designed and developed to be integrated into an existing Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV). The proposed solution is based on six LiPo cells, connected in series, and a 200 W PEM fuel cell stack, directly connected in parallel to the battery without any limitation to its charge. The paper presents the characterization of the system behavior, and shows the main results in terms of performance and energy management.
Eduardo López González; Jaime Luis Saenz Cuesta; Francisco J. Vivas Fernandez; Fernando Isorna Llerena; Miguel A. Ridao Carlini; Carlos Bordons; Emili Hernandez; Alberto Elfes. Experimental evaluation of a passive fuel cell/battery hybrid power system for an unmanned ground vehicle. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2018, 44, 12772 -12782.
AMA StyleEduardo López González, Jaime Luis Saenz Cuesta, Francisco J. Vivas Fernandez, Fernando Isorna Llerena, Miguel A. Ridao Carlini, Carlos Bordons, Emili Hernandez, Alberto Elfes. Experimental evaluation of a passive fuel cell/battery hybrid power system for an unmanned ground vehicle. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2018; 44 (25):12772-12782.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo López González; Jaime Luis Saenz Cuesta; Francisco J. Vivas Fernandez; Fernando Isorna Llerena; Miguel A. Ridao Carlini; Carlos Bordons; Emili Hernandez; Alberto Elfes. 2018. "Experimental evaluation of a passive fuel cell/battery hybrid power system for an unmanned ground vehicle." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 25: 12772-12782.