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The objective of the present study was to mitigate ammonia (NH3), greenhouse gases (GHGs), and other air pollutants from lactating dairy cattle waste using different freestall management techniques. For the present study, cows were housed in an environmental chamber from which waste was removed by either flushing or scraping at two different frequencies. The four treatments used were (1) flushing three times a day (F3), (2) flushing six times a day (F6), (3) scraping three times a day (S3), and (4) scraping six times a day (S6). Flushing freestall lanes to remove manure while cows are out of the barn during milking is an industry standard in California. Gas emissions were measured with a mobile agricultural air quality lab connected to the environmental chamber. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions were decreased (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05) in the flushing vs. scraping treatments, respectively. Scraping increased NH3 emissions by 175 and 152% for S3 and S6, respectively vs. F3. Ethanol (EtOH) emissions were increased (p < 0.001) when the frequency of either scraping or flushing was increased from 3 to 6 times but were similar between scraping and flushing treatments. Methane emissions for the F3 vs. other treatments, were decreased (p < 0.001). Removal of dairy manure by scraping has the potential to increase gaseous emissions such as NH3 and GHGs.
Elizabeth Ross; Carlyn Peterson; Yongjing Zhao; Yuee Pan; Frank Mitloehner. Manure Flushing vs. Scraping in Dairy Freestall Lanes Reduces Gaseous Emissions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5363 .
AMA StyleElizabeth Ross, Carlyn Peterson, Yongjing Zhao, Yuee Pan, Frank Mitloehner. Manure Flushing vs. Scraping in Dairy Freestall Lanes Reduces Gaseous Emissions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElizabeth Ross; Carlyn Peterson; Yongjing Zhao; Yuee Pan; Frank Mitloehner. 2021. "Manure Flushing vs. Scraping in Dairy Freestall Lanes Reduces Gaseous Emissions." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5363.
Societal pressure to reduce enteric methane emissions from cattle continues to increase. The present study evaluated the efficacy of the commercial essential oil feed additive Agolin® Ruminant on reducing enteric gas emissions and improving milk parameters in dairy cattle. Twenty mid-lactation Holstein cows, blocked by parity and days in milk, were randomly assigned to a top dress treatment with Agolin or an un-supplemented control for a 56-day trial. Cows were group housed and individually fed twice daily. Enteric gas emissions, including methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and nitrous oxide, were sampled every 14 days for a 12 h period via head chambers connected to a mobile air quality laboratory. Cows supplemented with Agolin versus the control had less methane intensity (g/period/kg energy-corrected milk (ECM); p = 0.025). Ammonia was the most affected gas, with lower ammonia production (mg/period; p = 0.028), and ammonia intensity (mg/period/kg ECM; p = 0.011) in Agolin-fed versus control-fed cows. All cow performance variables, including dry matter intake, ECM, milk fat, milk protein, or feed efficiency were similar between treatments. Further research should evaluate how Agolin impacts ruminal flora, focusing on mechanistic impacts to fermentation.
Angelica Carrazco; Carlyn Peterson; Yongjing Zhao; Yuee Pan; John McGlone; Edward DePeters; Frank Mitloehner. The Impact of Essential Oil Feed Supplementation on Enteric Gas Emissions and Production Parameters from Dairy Cattle. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10347 .
AMA StyleAngelica Carrazco, Carlyn Peterson, Yongjing Zhao, Yuee Pan, John McGlone, Edward DePeters, Frank Mitloehner. The Impact of Essential Oil Feed Supplementation on Enteric Gas Emissions and Production Parameters from Dairy Cattle. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10347.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngelica Carrazco; Carlyn Peterson; Yongjing Zhao; Yuee Pan; John McGlone; Edward DePeters; Frank Mitloehner. 2020. "The Impact of Essential Oil Feed Supplementation on Enteric Gas Emissions and Production Parameters from Dairy Cattle." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10347.
Feed additives have received increasing attention as a viable means to reduce enteric emissions from ruminants, which contribute to total anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the commercial feed additive SOP STAR COW (SOP) to reduce enteric emissions from dairy cows and to assess potential impacts on milk production. Twenty cows were blocked by parity and days in milk and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (n = 10): supplemented with 8 g/day SOP STAR COW, and an unsupplemented control group. Enteric emissions were measured in individual head chambers over a 12-hour period, every 14 days for six weeks. SOP-treated cows over time showed a reduction in CH4 of 20.4% from day 14 to day 42 (P = 0.014), while protein % of the milk was increased (+4.9% from day 0 to day 14 (P = 0.036) and +6.5% from day 0 to day 42 (P = 0.002)). However, kg of milk protein remained similar within the SOP-treated cows over the trial period. The control and SOP-treated cows showed similar results for kg of milk fat and kg of milk protein produced per day. No differences in enteric emissions or milk parameters were detected between the control and SOP-treated cows on respective test days.
Elizabeth Ross; Carlyn Peterson; Angelica Carrazco; Samantha Werth; Yongjing Zhao; Yuee Pan; Edward DePeters; James Fadel; Marcello Chiodini; Lorenzo Poggianella; Frank Mitloehner. Effect of SOP “STAR COW” on Enteric Gaseous Emissions and Dairy Cattle Performance. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10250 .
AMA StyleElizabeth Ross, Carlyn Peterson, Angelica Carrazco, Samantha Werth, Yongjing Zhao, Yuee Pan, Edward DePeters, James Fadel, Marcello Chiodini, Lorenzo Poggianella, Frank Mitloehner. Effect of SOP “STAR COW” on Enteric Gaseous Emissions and Dairy Cattle Performance. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElizabeth Ross; Carlyn Peterson; Angelica Carrazco; Samantha Werth; Yongjing Zhao; Yuee Pan; Edward DePeters; James Fadel; Marcello Chiodini; Lorenzo Poggianella; Frank Mitloehner. 2020. "Effect of SOP “STAR COW” on Enteric Gaseous Emissions and Dairy Cattle Performance." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10250.
Animal manure is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other pollutants and nuisances such as ammonia and odors. There are several technologies to reduce emissions on animal farms including manure additives; however, few have been proven effective and easy to apply to dairy lagoon systems. The present research aimed at testing the ability of the commercial additive “SOP LAGOON” to reduce emissions of GHGs (i.e., carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)), as well as ammonia (NH3) and odors from lagoon stored liquid manure. Emissions of GHGs, NH3 and odors were measured in the laboratory from barrels filled with 65 L of manure treated with SOP LAGOON or left untreated as a control. Manure was collected from a commercial dairy that is located in Solano County, California. Emissions of GHGs and NH3 were continuously measured for one week using flux chambers placed on top of the barrels and connected to a mobile air emissions laboratory. The effects of the untreated control, versus the two respective treatment additive doses of 30.8 and 61.6 g/m3 of manure were compared to each other. The low dose was selected based on the manufacturer recommendation and the high dose was selected by doubling the low dose. Results showed that SOP LAGOON applied at the high dose (61.6 g of SOP LAGOON per m3 of manure) versus the control greatly reduced (p < 0.05) emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O and NH3 by 14.7%, 22.7%, 45.4% and 45.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the high dose of SOP LAGOON treated samples versus the control samples showed less odor intensity (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect of the low dose of SOP LAGOON on the emissions of different gases. The HIGH dose of SOP LAGOON might decrease the number of methanogens and hydrolytic microorganisms and their excreted enzymes during manure storage. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of emission reduction using SOP LAGOON.
Carlyn B. Peterson; Hamed M. El Mashad; Yongjing Zhao; Yuee Pan; Frank M. Mitloehner. Effects of SOP Lagoon Additive on Gaseous Emissions from Stored Liquid Dairy Manure. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1393 .
AMA StyleCarlyn B. Peterson, Hamed M. El Mashad, Yongjing Zhao, Yuee Pan, Frank M. Mitloehner. Effects of SOP Lagoon Additive on Gaseous Emissions from Stored Liquid Dairy Manure. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlyn B. Peterson; Hamed M. El Mashad; Yongjing Zhao; Yuee Pan; Frank M. Mitloehner. 2020. "Effects of SOP Lagoon Additive on Gaseous Emissions from Stored Liquid Dairy Manure." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1393.