This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Renewable sources of energy (RES), especially photovoltaic (PV) micro-sources, are very popular in many countries. This way of clean power production is applied on a wide scale in Poland as well. The Polish legal regulations and tariffs specify that every prosumer in a low-voltage network may feed this network with a power not higher than the maximum declared consumed power. In power networks with RES, the voltage level changes significantly along the power line and depends on the actually generated as well as consumed power by particular prosumers. There are cases that prosumers connected to this line cannot produce and inject the full permissible power from PV sources due to the level of a voltage higher than the technically acceptable value. In consequence, it leads to the lack of profitability of investments in installations with PV sources. In this paper, voltage variations in a real rural low-voltage network with PV micro-sources are described. The possible two general solutions of voltage levels improvement are discussed—increase in the cross-sectional area of the bare conductors in the existing overhead line as well as the replacement of the overhead line with a cable line. The recommended solution for the analyzed network, giving the best reduction of voltage variations and acceptable cost, is underlined. Such a recommendation can also be utilized in other rural networks.
Agata Szultka; Seweryn Szultka; Stanislaw Czapp; Ryszard Zajczyk. Voltage Variations and Their Reduction in a Rural Low-Voltage Network with PV Sources of Energy. Electronics 2021, 10, 1620 .
AMA StyleAgata Szultka, Seweryn Szultka, Stanislaw Czapp, Ryszard Zajczyk. Voltage Variations and Their Reduction in a Rural Low-Voltage Network with PV Sources of Energy. Electronics. 2021; 10 (14):1620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Szultka; Seweryn Szultka; Stanislaw Czapp; Ryszard Zajczyk. 2021. "Voltage Variations and Their Reduction in a Rural Low-Voltage Network with PV Sources of Energy." Electronics 10, no. 14: 1620.
This paper refers to the issue that mainly appears in distribution grids, where renewable energy sources (RES) are widely installed. In such grids, one of the main problems is the coordination of energy production time with demand time, especially if photovoltaic energy sources are present. To face this problem, battery energy storage units (ESU) can be installed. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to optimizing the use of ESU. This paper contains a simple description of available solutions for the application of ESU as well as an original proposal for selecting the optimal location and control of ESU. The ESU selection method is based on the use of a genetic algorithm and the ESU control method utilizes the fuzzy logic. The combination of the aforementioned methods/algorithms of ESU application is named an integrated algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm was validated by multivariate computer simulations with the use of the real low-voltage grid model. The DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment was employed to develop the simulation model of the integrated algorithm. The proposal was utilized to improve the voltage level in the distribution grid and to install the optimal number of ESU. Based on daily load variations for selected load profiles, it was shown that after the ESU application the voltage deviations in the analyzed network were significantly limited. Moreover, the analysis proves that both the location of ESU in the grid and the control of their active and reactive power are important from the point of view of reducing overall costs.
Agata Szultka; Seweryn Szultka; Stanislaw Czapp; Zbigniew Lubosny; Robert Malkowski. Integrated Algorithm for Selecting the Location and Control of Energy Storage Units to Improve the Voltage Level in Distribution Grids. Energies 2020, 13, 6720 .
AMA StyleAgata Szultka, Seweryn Szultka, Stanislaw Czapp, Zbigniew Lubosny, Robert Malkowski. Integrated Algorithm for Selecting the Location and Control of Energy Storage Units to Improve the Voltage Level in Distribution Grids. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6720.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgata Szultka; Seweryn Szultka; Stanislaw Czapp; Zbigniew Lubosny; Robert Malkowski. 2020. "Integrated Algorithm for Selecting the Location and Control of Energy Storage Units to Improve the Voltage Level in Distribution Grids." Energies 13, no. 24: 6720.
Power cable lines are usually buried in the ground. However, in some cases, their ending sections are mounted along the supports of overhead lines. This leads to a situation where the cables are exposed to direct solar radiation and, consequentially, overheat. The paper presents the advanced computer modelling of power cables’ heating, considering their insolation as well as the effect of wind. The temperature and current-carrying capacity of power cables—during exposure to direct solar radiation—are evaluated. An effective method of limiting the unfavourable impact of the sun is discussed. In the presence of solar radiation, the proposed method enables a significant increase in the power cables current-carrying capacity.
Stanislaw Czapp; Seweryn Szultka; Adam Tomaszewski. Design of Power Cable Lines Partially Exposed to Direct Solar Radiation—Special Aspects. Energies 2020, 13, 2650 .
AMA StyleStanislaw Czapp, Seweryn Szultka, Adam Tomaszewski. Design of Power Cable Lines Partially Exposed to Direct Solar Radiation—Special Aspects. Energies. 2020; 13 (10):2650.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStanislaw Czapp; Seweryn Szultka; Adam Tomaszewski. 2020. "Design of Power Cable Lines Partially Exposed to Direct Solar Radiation—Special Aspects." Energies 13, no. 10: 2650.
Power cables are usually buried in the soil, which results in their relatively high current-carrying capacity. However, there are cases in which the starting/final section of a cable line runs along a pole of an overhead power line....
Stanislaw Czapp; Seweryn Szultka; Adam Tomaszewski; Agata Szultka. Effect of Solar Radiation on Current-Carrying Capacity of PVC-insulated Power Cables – the Numerical Point of View. Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette 2019, 26, 1821 -1826.
AMA StyleStanislaw Czapp, Seweryn Szultka, Adam Tomaszewski, Agata Szultka. Effect of Solar Radiation on Current-Carrying Capacity of PVC-insulated Power Cables – the Numerical Point of View. Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette. 2019; 26 (6):1821-1826.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStanislaw Czapp; Seweryn Szultka; Adam Tomaszewski; Agata Szultka. 2019. "Effect of Solar Radiation on Current-Carrying Capacity of PVC-insulated Power Cables – the Numerical Point of View." Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette 26, no. 6: 1821-1826.