Since direct laser surface texturing of polymers is an emerging area, considerable attention is given to this technique with the aim of forming a basis for follow-up research that could open the way for potential technological ideas and optimization in novel applications. Laser pre-processing of ballistic textiles can raise surface roughness of smooth para-aramid fibres and as a result can improve the adhesion of functional coatings applied in following processing steps, thus opening new possibilities for material performance improvement. The impact resistance of ballistic fabric depends on the ability of its yarns in contact with the projectile absorb energy locally and disperse it to adjacent yarns without undergoing severe damage or failure. In addition to the yarn deformation and fracture, yarn resistance to pull-out contributes to the dissipation of impact energy significantly. The objective of this study is to optimize Kevlar^® KM2+ fabric surface topographies by adjusting the continuous wave (CW) CO₂ laser parameters in such a way that it increases the surface roughness and resistance to the yarn pull-out from the fabric without destroying the unique structure of the of Kevlar^® KM2+ fibres. Experimental research measured data show increase in surface roughness by 50–53% and set of laser parameter variants have been obtained that allow for an increase in KM2+ 440D woven fabric yarns pull out force from fabric in the range from 50% up to 99% compared to the untreated one.

Modern manufacturing technologies include wood processing using laser technologies. The most used laser for wood cutting is the CO₂ laser, which offers many advantages such as processing speed, efficiency, and minimal impact on the material’s structure after cutting. To achieve a high-quality cut, characterized by the cutting kerf parameters, it is necessary to know the appropriate combination of cutting parameters, primarily laser power (P) and the cutting speed (v). Therefore, this article investigates the effect of P, v, and cutting direction on the cutting kerf widths on the upper surface WKU, lower surface (WKL), and their ratio (WKR). The analysis was performed on samples of spruce, beech, and oak wood, while also evaluating the influence of the anatomical cutting direction. The correlation coefficient between the predicted values and the measured values is at least 0.94, with the mean square error not exceeding 4%. Consequently, the employed models demonstrate validity in predicting cutting kerf widths and optimizing the cutting process based on the type of timber, cutting direction, and the specified laser parameters.

Laser marking technology today is a key part of the production of many products and devices used in our daily lives. At the same time, for specific types of products, the process must be optimized depending on the material used, laser system and marking method. Copper is such a metal that has a number of applications in the military industry, electrical engineering, electronics, household, etc. The scientific report investigates the influence of the technological parameters speed, raster step and number of repetitions on the contrast and roughness of marking for copper samples. A fiber laser technology system was used to perform the experiments, and the roughness measurements were performed with an OLS 5000 laser microscope. A wide range of marking speeds from 10 mm/s to 1500 mm/s was selected, where the contrast and roughness behavior of the marking is tracked for different raster steps in both single marking and double marking. It was found that as the speed increased, the contrast and roughness decreased. Also, with double marking, the contrast and roughness values are higher than with single marking. The velocity intervals in which the contrast has positive values and those in which it has negative values are established. The regularity was obtained that increasing the step of the raster leads to a decrease in contrast and an increase in roughness.

Functional textile are one of the most critical fields in the textile industry and textile materials science. In recent years, advanced technologies in textile processing have become relevant in order to improve its usability. In the production of various types of functional textile, one of the methods is the modification of textile surfaces. To improve the properties of the textile surface, magnetron vacuum sputtering and laser post-processing technologies can be used, which in general gives the material new or improved properties and functionalities. In this study, mixed fiber fabrics containing polyester, protal and cotton fibers are used to determine how laser post-treatment of the metalized fabrics impact the adhesive properties between fabric and deposited metal. The following materials were used for magnetron vacuum sputtering for functional textile coatings: Cu, Al, Ti, Ag. Individually or by combining these metals, it is possible to assign the textile such properties as: electromagnetic, UV and IR radiation shielding; antistatic, antibacterial, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, as well as increasing wear resistance. In this study a 100 W continuous wave CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10.6 µm is used for post-treatment of magnetron vacuum sputtered modified textile surfaces. The study's conclusions point towards a tailored approach in determining linear energy densities that bolster adhesion for each metal-textile combination, which is essential for the development of durable and functional advanced textile. The patterns noted in the adhesion strengths, influenced by different energy densities and metal types, highlight the intricate relationship between the thermal impact of laser treatment and the inherent characteristics of the metals deposited. Some metals demonstrated improved adhesion at lower energy densities. However, a general trend emerged showing a reduction in the strength of adhesion as the energy density increased, especially when surpassing certain energy levels.

In this study, the impact of CO2 laser engraving and scanning on various types of wood before and after thermal treatment is investigated. An infrared CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10640 nm is used in the study for engraving various wood samples before and after thermal treatment at a specific processing temperature of 214°C. All samples had a similar moisture content - approximately 8%. The engraving depth and width were measured for each wood sample. The findings reveal that thermal pre-treatment exert a discernible influence on the efficacy of laser engraving, and the engraving depth is notably influenced by the particular wood species involved. Consequently, the study offers a platform for assessing the optimization of laser engraving parameters applicable to different wood types and thermally modified wood, thereby facilitating the enhancement of product quality through judicious parameter selection.

The process where pristine graphite is subjected to a solvent treatment seems simple and scalable and has attracted the attention of researchers over many years. However, for successful exfoliation, overcoming the van der Waals attractions between the adjacent layers of graphite is necessary. Over time, several methods have been created to overcome the attraction between layers. Graphene’s liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) occurs due to the strong interactions between the solvent molecules and the basal planes of graphite, overcoming the energetic resistance to exfoliation and subsequent dispersion. Ultra sonication used for exfoliation can produce single or few layered graphene flakes. During sonication the sound waves propagate through liquid medium in alternating high- and low-pressure cycles, strong mechanical and thermal energy released by acoustic cavitation results in splitting up large particles into fine ones and dispersing them. Simultaneous insertion of solvent and/or intercalation molecules in between the graphite layers takes place supporting graphite separation into graphene layers. ; The dispersion capacity of graphene flakes depends on how appropriate the solvent properties are to the corresponding properties of graphene, such as surface tension, Hildebrand, and Hansen solubility parameters. Only certain solvents can disperse graphene well and form a dispersion appropriate for specific future applications. In addition, after exfoliation by ultra sonication graphene flakes aggregation due to the van der Waals attractions must be overcome to prepare in long-term stable dispersions of nanometres-size graphene sheets. ; The research has focused on the preparation of stable dispersion ready for transfer without intermediate processes to the Kevlar fabrics. An experimental comparison of the potentials of the 4 solvents for the application resulted in three corresponding to the intended use, two of them examined in detail, supplementing the composition of the LPE liquid medium with triethanolamine to obtain sufficient performance graphene coverage on Kevlar textile fibres.