Background and Objectives: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) morphology refers to structural abnormalities that can alter normal joint mechanics and potentially lead to early onset osteoarthritis. Although commonly diagnosed in symptomatic individuals, such morphological features are also found in asymptomatic adults, underlining their relevance for early detection and preventive management. This study aimed to evaluate the three-dimensional congruence of hip joint surfaces in relation to FAI and the morphology of asymptomatic hips with potential FAI features. Materials and Methods: Retrospective three-dimensional reconstructions of 86 hip joints were created using Mimics software from computed tomography (CT) scans of the lower abdomen and pelvis retrieved from the radiology archive. CT scans belonged to individuals with preserved anatomical integrity (20 females, 23 males, bilateral hips), aged 24–76 years. Lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and alpha angle measurements were obtained from reconstructions to assess the risk of asymptomatic FAI. Results: Significant gender differences were found in alpha angles. The mean right alpha angle was 46.57 ± 3.12° in females and 49.28 ± 6.66° in males p = 0.046, while the mean left alpha angle was 43.75 ± 5.53° in females and 47.37 ± 5.77° in males p = 0.021. An alpha angle >50°, suggestive of cam type FAI, was present in 25.6% of right hips and 13.9% of left hips. LCEA values showed no significant gender or side differences, with a mean of 30.21 ± 8.96° across the cohort. Conclusions: Three-dimensional evaluation of asymptomatic hips revealed FAI-consistent morphology in a notable proportion of individuals, particularly males. Cam-type deformities tended to occur bilaterally, whereas pincer-type morphologies were more sporadic and often unilateral. Increased alpha and LCEA measurements in asymptomatic individuals suggest that FAI morphology may exist subclinically without always indicating disease. Future studies incorporating longitudinal imaging and clinical follow-up are needed to clarify the prognostic significance of these findings.

This study evaluates the morphometric characteristics of the volar distal radius, specifically volar curvature, scaphoid and lunate facet inclinations, and ulnar variance, in the Anatolian population. By identifying these population specific morphological variations, the study seeks to support improved anatomical compatibility of volar implants and enhance surgical planning for distal radius fracture fixation. Morphometric measurements were analyzed retrospectively on three-dimensional computed tomography images of 103 intact distal radii. Standardized sagittal sections were created through the midpoints of the scaphoid and lunate fossae, and volar curvature was quantified as the angle between the radial shaft axis and the volar cortex at 1 cm and 2 cm proximal to the distal radius volar rim on each section. Volar inclination angles were measured at 1 cm and 2 cm. Additionally, volar width (G), scaphoid facet inclination (SFI), lunate facet inclination (LFI), interfacet angle (IFA), and ulnar variance were evaluated. Volar curvature measured 1 cm and 2 cm proximal to the scaphoid and lunate fossae was significantly greater in males than females ( p < .05). The mean transverse volar width was 26.5 mm, with no significant differences according to gender, age, or laterality ( p > .05). The mean ulnar variance was − 2.0 ± 2.2 mm, while the mean LFI, SFI, and IFA were − 0.1° ± 8.4°, 26.1° ± 6.9°, and 24.2° ± 10.4°, respectively. This study demonstrates notable anatomical variations in the volar distal radius within the Anatolian population, particularly in volar curvature, scaphoid and lunate facet inclinations, and ulnar variance. These population specific morphometric differences underscore the importance of integrating multiple volar parameters into preoperative planning, as they may directly influence implant selection and improve the accuracy of distal radius fracture fixation.

Giriş ve Amaç: Takıma dayalı öğrenme (TDÖ) yöntemi öğrenci merkezli bir aktif öğrenme yöntemidir. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 2. sınıfında İskelet Sistemi Anatomisi eğitiminde TDÖ yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uygulanan TDÖ yöntemi ile yürütülen anatomi dersi eğitiminin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesidir.Yöntem: Kas-İskelet Sistemi Hastalıkları komitesi başlangıcında İskelet Sistemi Anatomisi dersi için takıma dayalı öğrenme yöntemi 2. sınıf öğrencilerine tanıtıldı. Uygulama öncesi sınıf mevcudu olan 88 öğrenci 8 takıma ayrıldı. Dört entegre TDÖ oturumu planlandı ve her bir oturum bireysel hazır bulunuşluk testi ile başladı. Devamında yapılan takım hazır bulunuşluk testi ile sonlandırıldı. Sonrasında öğrencilere anatomi laboratuvarında kadavra ve maket üzerinde uygulama yaptırıldı ve eş zamanlı konuya dair sorular yöneltildi. TDÖ uygulamasının son günü öğrencilere eğitim süreci hakkında geri bildirimlerini içeren bir soru formu dağıtıldı. Takıma dayalı öğrenme yöntemi ile ilgili geri bildirimlere verilen öğrenci yanıtları toplandı. Öğretim üyelerinin TDÖ yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen uygulamalar hakkındaki görüşleri de yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile alındı. Anket sonuçları SPSS programında Pearson’ın korelasyon testi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin eğitim uygulaması hakkındaki olumlu görüşleri ile takım çalışmasının etkinliğine yönelik görüşleri pozitif yönde anlamlı bir korelasyon ilişkisi göstermiştir (p<0.05). Öğrencilerin %74,3’ü takıma dayalı öğrenme yöntemi ile Anatomi öğrenmeye istekli olduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Öğretim üyelerinin de bu yöntemin uygulanması ve geliştirilmesi yönünde olumlu nitelik taşıyan geri bildirimleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Sonuç: Takıma dayalı öğrenme yöntemi ile uygulanan eğitim süresince öğrencilerin ders öncesi hazırlıklı gelme zorunluluğu derse olan ilgilerini artırmıştır. Takım arkadaşları olarak birlikte çalışılması öğrenmeyi olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. İskelet sistemi anatomisi eğitiminde takıma dayalı öğrenme yönteminin uygulanmasının öğrencilere faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.

Background/Objectives: Cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity is commonly associated with oxidative stress; however, the early biological events preceding overt tissue injury remain incompletely characterized. Identifying interventions capable of preserving redox homeostasis during this subacute phase may improve our understanding of the initial mechanisms underlying testicular dysfunction. This study investigated whether methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), a naturally occurring organosulfur compound with antioxidant properties, modulates early oxidative responses in a subacute rat model of cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity. Methods: Thirty-two adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to Control, Cisplatin (CIS), MSM, and CIS + MSM groups (n = 8/group). MSM (500 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) was administered for 10 consecutive days, while a single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was given on day 7. Oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, intratesticular testosterone concentrations, inflammatory cytokines, GPX4 and HO-1 protein expression, histopathological alterations, and correlation analyses were evaluated. Results: Cisplatin exposure induced a marked oxidative imbalance, evidenced by increased malondialdehyde levels and reduced superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and intratesticular testosterone concentrations (p < 0.05). MSM administration attenuated lipid peroxidation, restored antioxidant enzyme activities, and preserved intratesticular testosterone levels. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant increase in GPX4 protein expression following cisplatin exposure, whereas MSM normalized GPX4 expression toward control values. In contrast, HO-1 expression and intratesticular IL-6 and TNF-α levels did not differ among the experimental groups. Histopathological evaluation revealed only mild structural alterations without corresponding differences in Johnsen score, indicating that biochemical and molecular disturbances preceded overt tissue degeneration. Correlation analysis further demonstrated close associations between antioxidant defense and preservation of endocrine function. Conclusions: Subacute cisplatin exposure primarily disrupted testicular redox homeostasis before prominent histopathological injury became evident. MSM was associated with attenuation of these early oxidative alterations accompanied by improved endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity, higher intratesticular testosterone concentrations, and normalization of GPX4 expression. These findings suggest that MSM may contribute to the maintenance of testicular redox homeostasis during the early phase of cisplatin-induced toxicity under the present experimental conditions.

Objective: Antegrade intramedullary nailing is a commonly used method for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures. However, the optimal anatomical entry point for nail insertion on the proximal femur remains controversial. This study aimed to anatomically determine the projection of the femoral medullary cavity center on the proximal femur using three-dimensional computed tomography imaging. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography scans from 51 adult individuals were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 102 femora (right and left) were reconstructed in 3D and evaluated using the Sectra IDS7 visualization system. The medullary cavity was identified in each femur, and its center was projected onto the superior surface of the proximal femur. The position of the trochanteric fossa and greater trochanter tip was also assessed in relation to the projected center. Results: The center of the medullary cavity was located more anteromedially than the trochanteric fossa by 31.4% on the right and 39.2% on the left. No significant differences were found between genders. The tip of the greater trochanter rarely covered the center. If the trochanteric fossa was used as the entry point, the greater trochanteric tip overlapped with the entry zone in 66.7% (right) and 88.2% (left) of cases. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the center of the femoral medullary cavity projects anteromedially to the trochanteric fossa. The findings provide key anatomical references for identifying the optimal entry point during antegrade femoral nailing with straight nails. We believe these data may guide surgical planning, reduce complications, and improve surgical success.