The growing need for sustainable materials in architecture has sparked significant interest in natural-fiber-based composites. Among these, coconut coir, a by-product of the coconut industry, has emerged as a promising raw material owing to its abundance, renewability, and excellent mechanical properties. The promise of coir-based composites in architecture is highlighted in this review, which also looks at their problems, advantages for the environment, manufacturing processes, and mechanical, thermal, and acoustic performances. The fibrous shape of the coir provides efficient thermal and acoustic insulation, while its high lignin concentration guarantees stiffness, biological resistance, and dimensional stability. Fiber-matrix adhesion and durability have improved owing to advancements in treatment and environmentally friendly binders, opening up the use of cement, polymers, and hybrid composites. In terms of the environment, coir composites promote a biophilic design, reduce embodied carbon, and decrease landfill waste. Moisture sensitivity, inconsistent fiber quality, and production scaling are obstacles; however, advancements in hybridization, grading, and nanotechnology hold promise. This review provides comprehensive, architecture-focused review that integrates material science, fabrication techniques, and real-world architectural applications of coir-based composites. Coir-based composites have the potential to be long-lasting, sustainable substitutes for conventional materials in climate-resilient architectural design if they are further investigated and included in green certification programs and the circular economy.

Synthetic aliphatic and aromatic polyesters are extensively employed in biomedical contexts. In recent times, copolyesters have garnered increased scholarly interest for their capacity to amalgamate the benefits of both aromatic and aliphatic constituents. Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), commonly used in the agriculture and packaging industry, has recently gained attention for various biomedical applications owing to its biocompatibility, reduced crystallinity, attractive biodegradability, and mechanical properties. Integrating functional nanoparticles and polymers within PBAT further augments its mechanical integrity, bioactivity, and overall utility in applications. Despite its advantages, PBAT remains quite overlooked when stacked against other biodegradable polymers, especially concerning its biocompatibility and bioactivity. Various fabrication approaches, such as electrospinning, solvent casting, and 3D printing, have been used to develop PBAT-based structures. This review seeks to fill this lacuna by examining PBAT’s material characteristics, fabrication methodologies, and their resultant effects on its mechanical, bioactive, and biocompatible properties. It also underscores the biomedical applications of PBAT-based composites and blends. By synthesizing contemporary research, this article aspires to furnish significant insights for the development of efficient PBAT-based solutions within the biomedical arena, thereby laying a foundation for forthcoming advancements.

Fine-tuning electrospun nanofibers is crucial for producing high-quality fibers. Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE), along with various other computational techniques, has been used to optimize the electrospinning parameters of different polymers. Taguchi DOE has proven effective in optimizing electrospun nanofibers because it reduces the number of trials needed. In this study, the electrospinning parameters of poly (butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT) were optimized and quantified using the Taguchi-based Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach. The average fiber diameters were measured from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images using ImageJ software. Within the tested range of parameters and levels, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) study identified polymer concentration and flow rate as the most significant factors that influenced the fiber diameter. Polymer concentration accounting 56.94% of the variation, while Flow Rate (FR) accounts for 20.82%. The optimal parameter levels were predicted to be 10 wt% polymer concentration, 1 ml h ⁻¹ flow rate, 18 kV voltage, and a distance from tip to target of 15 cm, which yielded fibers with an average diameter of 231 nm and an accuracy of 88.61%. Overall, the results demonstrate that Taguchi DOE, coupled with RSM, is a reliable and efficient method for identifying the optimal parameter combinations to produce uniform, fine PBAT nanofibers intended for biomedical applications.

The postoperative microenvironment is a highly biologically dynamic environment that is associated with an increased risk of complications, including adhesions, fibrosis, infection, and delayed healing, which can cause significant inconvenience to patients. Conventional materials, such as cotton gauze and surgical sutures, primarily function as passive physical barriers, often lacking to address the multiple issues governing functional tissue repair. Electrospun nanofibers have been effective as dynamic regulators of the post-surgical microenvironment, facilitating simultaneous modulation of key biological events, such as immune modulation, macrophage phenotype switching, angiogenesis, collagen organization, and tissue regeneration, leading to faster and better healing. Overall, this review aims to provide a focused and mechanistic perspective on electrospun nanofibers as multifunctional, bioactive scaffolds capable of enabling functional tissue regeneration rather than merely serving as passive wound dressing and nominate it as a sustainable alternative for developing next-generation smart scaffolds intended for postsurgical healing.