This study examines the relationship between migration (M), economic activity (EA), and the labour market (LM) in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2000 to 2022. The research comprises three stages, namely indicator selection, data analysis, and correlation-regression analysis. The study hypotheses propose that migration has a notably adverse influence on both the labor market and economic activity. Secondary data from the World Bank and the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan were employed, covering the years 2000 to 2022. The chosen variables encompass migration growth, GDP, labor productivity, investment in fixed assets, real wages, and unemployment rates. The research includes three latent variables: migration (M), economic activity (EA), and the labor market (LM). The measurement models for these variables show acceptable to high reliability, suggesting a sufficient association between the included variables. Regression analysis reveals a significant negative impact of migration on both economic activity and the labour market. Migration can significantly influence economic activity, unemployment rate, and real wages. The findings support the hypotheses, indicating positive economic indicators and the country's socio-economic development trends. These results are valuable for understanding population dynamics and the potential impact of migration on the economy and social processes in Kazakhstan. Overall, the study provides insights into the relationships between migration, economic activity, and the labour market, highlighting the importance of these factors in shaping the country's development.

Теории мотивации играют важную роль в формировании системы управления человеческими ресурсами. Особенно в современных организациях для изучения и построения системы мотивации можно использовать двухфакторную теорию мотивации Герцберга. В данной статье проанализирована взаимосвязь между описательными характеристиками респондентов и гигиеническими /мотивирующими факторами, а также влияние этих факторов на управление карьерой сотрудников и преподавателей университета. Для оценки собственного мнения респондента при сборе данных был использован метод опроса, составленный с использованием 5-балльной шкалы Лайкерта. Результаты опроса были закодированы и использованы в программе SPSS Statistics. С помощью данной программы были проведены факторный анализ, дисперсионный анализ (ANOVA) и регрессионный анализ результатов опроса. В данной статье выявлено влияние гигиенических и мотивирующих факторов на управление карьерой в отношении сотрудников и преподавателей. То есть, в случае увеличения коэффициента гигиенического фактора на одну единицу, уровень управления карьерой снизится на 18,5%. Наоборот, существует положительная корреляция между мотивирующим фактором и карьерным развитием. То есть, если мотивирующий фактор возрастет на единицу, фактор карьерного развития увеличится на 43,5%. В результате исследования в рамках двухфакторной теории было установлено, что оба фактора важны для карьерного развития сотрудников и преподавателей. Тем не менее, к мотивирующим факторам необходимо придавать большее значение для достижения положительного результата в управлении карьерой. Когда мотивация повышается благодаря справедливой и эффективной практике мотивации, желание развиваться у персонала также увеличивается.

Internal migration is a transitional moment for young people to migrate abroad. This article aims to study city infrastructure as a factor influencing the internal migration of young people to big cities. This is one of the country’s problems because it results in a «brain drain» abroad. There is a need to consider these factors. The study examines young people involved in internal migration who arrived in Almaty, aged 14 - 29. The methodology of this study is based on the method of Everett S. Lee. It analyzes factors influencing the internal migration of young people to cities with a population of one million. The article discusses objective factors that constrain or stimulate the migration process between regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. These factors include the number of universities and colleges, the number of employers, medical and entertainment institutions, etc. These indicators were grouped into four factors: education, health care, entertainment and employment. For data analysis and processing, generalization and systematization methods were used. Data for factor estimation was obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics and other official sources for the period 2014 - 2021. Correlation-regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS program to determine the relationship between internal migration and city infrastructure indicators. Results obtained showed a significant relationship between the internal migration of young people and educational and health organizations. Education is seen as one of the main factors in the internal and external migration of young people. Therefore, the development of higher education and employment rates is essential to prevent brain drain.

The intensive utilization of production resources in Kazakhstan’s energy sector and the increase in interdependence between industries make it particularly important to assess the stability and efficiency of the economic system structure. In particular, the coal, petroleum, natural gas and electric power industries constitute the main energy base of the national economy and reflect the interconnection between industries. Therefore, the analysis of intersectoral relationships and structural transformation in the energy sector has become the main direction of modern economic research. In addition, changes in the flow of resources within the energy system directly affect the long-term stability and efficiency of the economy. The purpose of this research is to use a comparative Leontief input-output analysis to examine changes in intersectoral relationships within Kazakhstan’s energy sector and evaluate structural transformations from 2020 to 2024. The methodological basis of this research is a comparative input-output analysis based on the Leontief inter-industry equilibrium framework. This study uses the official statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2024, including production indicators of the energy sector and intersectoral intermediate consumption data. The analysis is based on a reduced four-sector input-output framework representing the main energy industries of Kazakhstan (coal, oil, natural gas, and electricity), rather than the complete national input-output table. In addition, the intermediate consumption matrix ( Z t ), the technical coefficient matrix ( A t ), the Leontief inverse matrix (( I − A t ) − 1), and backward linkage (BL) and forward linkage (FL) indicators were calculated. The findings reveal that moderate structural adjustments occurred within Kazakhstan’s energy system during 2020-2024. The electricity sector exhibited the highest multiplier effect, confirming its role as the core sector of the system. The obtained results characterize the changing production interdependencies within the energy system, the restructuring of intersectoral linkages, and the systemic evolution of the energy sector.