Water pollution is a huge problem for both the environment and living creature health, thus there is an urgent need to develop practical and environmentally friendly techniques to manage and clean it up. This review analyses the possibility of bagasse biofilters using sugarcane by-products as a sustainable water purification and nutrient management option. Bagasse, a typical agricultural waste, can be utilised instead of traditional treatment procedures. Bagasse is economically viable, abundant, and characterized by its porous structure, which makes it suitable for water treatment. Studies have shown that bagasse biofilters can effectively remove heavy metals (like Pb, Ni,Cr, Cu, Zn, and Cd), volatile organic compounds (VOCs; like formaldehyde, chlorine, and extra nutrients) from wastewater. The aforementioned efficacy suggests the potential for integrating biomaterials such as bagasse biofilters into existing water treatment systems, contributing to global efforts in sustainable water management and pollution control. Therefore, the review address the problem associated with production and multifaceted usage of bagasse over the world. Moreover, the present review highlights the scale-up for the large-scale fabrication process and insight into microbial involvement with the process of pollutant adhesion and ultimately impact on the environment. Graphical Abstract

The objective of the present study was to design, development and evaluation antitussive herbal cough syrup because designing of oral herbal formulation is still a challenge in modern pharmaceutics and the syrup formulation presents many technical problems to the industrial pharmacist. Potential antitussive herbs were used for developing the herbal cough syrup. Decoction of plant Anisomeles indica, Leaves of Adhathoda vasika, stems of Glycyrrhiza glabra, fruits of Piper nigrum and plant of Mentha piperita was prepared. One part of decoction was mixed with five parts of simple syrup IP (1:5) to prepare formulation. The formulations were evaluated by morphological characters, physical parameters like PH, Specific gravity, viscosity etc. Herbal cough syrup was also subjected for the accelerated stability testing (AST) for the period of 72hours at accelerated temperature conditions. No marked changes were noticed in all the evaluated parameters during AST. The laboratory scale preparation of herbal Syrup may be used as a stable, liquid dosage form and the work done in stability testing may help in the progress of shelf-life determination studies. The presence study includes design, development and evaluation of Anisomeles indica herbal cough syrup first time.

Plumeria alba Linn., a member of the Apocynaceae family, is a widely recognized medicinal plant known for its diverse pharmacological properties. The present study focuses on the pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Plumeria alba, along with its antimicrobial potential and application in the development of a topical herbal cream. Pharmacognostical studies, including macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical evaluations, play a crucial role in the identification, authentication, and standardization of the plant material. Phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, and glycosides, which are responsible for its therapeutic activities. The plant exhibits significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against various pathogenic microorganisms, supporting its traditional use in treating skin infections and wounds. Based on these properties, a topical herbal cream formulation containing Plumeria alba extract was developed using suitable excipients. The formulated cream was evaluated for parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, stability, and antimicrobial activity. The results suggest that Plumeria alba possesses promising potential as a natural antimicrobial agent and can be effectively utilized in topical herbal formulations for dermatological applications. Further research and clinical studies are recommended to validate its efficacy and safety.