The nervous system is one of the leading integrating systems of the body. In combination with the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, it unites the body into a single whole. The nervous system controls the level of adaptive reactions of a living organism to changing environmental conditions. The Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) is a typical representative of the order bats. The purpose of our study is to study the macromorphology of individual anatomical structures of the brain of the Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). The material for the study was four different-sex animals of the Nile bat species (Rousettus aegyptiacus) aged 10-14 years, obtained from private veterinary clinics. The methods for studying the brain of the Nile bat were: fine anatomical dissection, morphometry, photographing, weighing. The work was performed on the basis of the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. As a result of the study, it was found that due to the strong development and large size of the auditory posterior tubercles of the quadrilateral, it is possible to judge the predominance of the auditory analyzer, while the anterior tubercles of the quadrilateral have a relatively small size, most of the structures of the visual analyzer are contained in the neocortex. It was found that there is no division of the cerebellar fragment into anatomical structures in the brain, and the size of the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum in this species is on average 1.30x1.10±0.15x0.10 mm. The absence of pronounced lobes and furrows was revealed, and the Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) belongs to lysencephalic animals. The obtained materials can be used as a reference material for continuing research on the brain of the Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), as well as in comparative morphology and physiology of humans and animals.

The nervous system is one of the leading integrating systems of the body. In combination with the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, it unites the body into a single whole. The nervous system controls the level of adaptive reactions of a living organism to changing environmental conditions. The white-bellied hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) is a representative of the order of insectivorous animals. The purpose of our study is to study the macromorphology of individual anatomical structures of the brain of the white-bellied hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). The material for the study was three heterosexual animals of the white-bellied hedgehog species (Atelerix albiventris) aged 1-4 years, obtained from private veterinary clinics. The methods used to study the brain of the white-bellied hedgehog included: fine anatomical dissection, morphometry, photography, and weighing. The work was carried out at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The brain of the whitebellied hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) (Figure 1, 2.) is arranged in accordance with the general plan of the structure of the mammalian brain, however, it is distinguished by the primitiveness of its development and is classified as lissencephalic in appearance. The average weight of cadaver material from females and males was 200.00±16.09 grams. There was no statistically significant difference between the body weight of females and males. It was also found that the caudal colliculi of the quadrigeminal are comparatively smaller than the cranial colliculi in both sexes, which allows us to conclude that the visual analyzer is relatively better developed in this species than the auditory one. The obtained materials can be used as reference material for continuing research on the brain of the white-bellied hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), as well as in comparative morphology and physiology of humans and animals.

The sable of the black Pushkin breed is a typical representative of the marten family, possessing a number of morphofunctional adaptations due to the predatory type of diet and environmental features. Fur farming remains an important branch of domestic animal husbandry, and the growing interest in intensive breeding of this species necessitates an in-depth study of the morphological features of its internal organs and vascular system. The importance of the digestive process in animals cannot be overestimated, since it provides the body with the necessary plastic and energy resources through a complex chain of hydrolytic, motor-evacuation and absorption mechanisms. The aim of the study was to study the ways of forming branches of the cranial mesenteric artery and to provide detailed morphotopic and morphometric characteristics of intestinal arteries in this species of fur–bearing animals. The analysis of the presented morphometric data on the age-related features of the course and branching of the cranial mesenteric artery in male and female sables of the black Pushkin breed makes it possible to identify clear patterns of growth of all the studied structures with age, as well as minor sex differences. The revealed age-related dynamics of vascular diameter is biologically appropriate and is associated with an increase in metabolic needs, intestinal volume and the completion of the structural formation of its bloodstream. It was found that the cranial mesenteric artery departs from the abdominal aorta at the level of the second and third lumbar vertebrae. From the cranial mesenteric artery sequentially depart: the caudal pancreatic-duodenal artery, the common trunk of the right colon, middle colon and iliac-colon arteries, as well as eight to twelve arteries of the jejunum. The final branch is the ileo-intestinal artery, anastomosing with the ileo-colon artery. Changes in the main and dichotomous type of vascular branching in the jejunum wall are described. The features of vascularization of the ileumcolon transition zone due to the absence of a cecum in representatives of the marten family are noted.