Relevance. The domestic cat (Felis catus) and the eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) belong to the same family — feline, predatory order. The cat was domesticated more than 10 thousand years ago. Lynx is the most promising animal for domestication. It is successfully bred in fur farms and, which is no longer uncommon, is kept by private owners as a pet. At the same time, the anatomy of these animals has not been studied to date. This makes it much more difficult to provide medical care and does not allow us to trace changes in organs with intensive anthropogenic impact on the body during domestication. In this regard, the study of the morphology of the eurasian lynx is very relevant and timely. Material for research (11 eurasian lynx corpses) wasobtained in hunting farms of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation. Corpses of a domestic cat (mestizos) were obtained from veterinary clinics of St. Petersburg (15 animals studied).Methods. A complex of modern and traditional methods was used in the study: fine anatomical dissection, angiorentgenography, computed tomography; production of corrosive and enlightened vascular preparations, morphometry and photographing.Results. The domestic cat (Felis catus) and the eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) have significant differences in the topography and branching of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta, despite the close relationship in taxonomy. The eurasian lynx is characterized by the presence of a brachiocephalic trunk and a trunk of common carotid arteries. Similar vascular structures are absent in a domestic cat. For them, the presence of the brachiocephalic artery and the independent departure of the right and left common carotid arteries, without the formation of a common trunk, was established. At the same time, we state that some main arterial transport vessels and their branches in these animals have common principles of location. This pattern has been determined for the vertebral, internal and external thoracic arteries, including their branches of the first order.

The study of the urinary organs of birds is of great practical importance when working in the field of poultry farming and makes it possible to improve the quality of the product obtained from poultry. Knowledge of the morphology of the urinary system in poultry is an important area for veterinary specialists. Kidney pathologies such as gout, nephritis, urolithiasis and neoplasia of various origins are a common problem in poultry farms. It is impossible to increase the productivity of poultry, as well as to carry out therapeutic and preventive measures without knowing its species and breed anatomical features. The work was performed at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. As the studied material, we used the corpses of Ross-308 cross broilers, aged 60 days in the amount of 10 pieces, 5 males and 5 females. The methods used for the study were fine anatomical dissection, morphometry and photographing. As a result of the study, we found that the length of the left kidney in males is 1.05 times greater than in females, and the length of the right kidney is 1.07 times. The width of the right kidney in males exceeds the females by 1.18 times, and the left – by 1.17 times. The girth of the right and left kidneys in males is 1.18 times greater than in females. We also found that in broilers of both sexes, the left kidney prevails over the right in size. On average, the left kidney is 1.02 times larger than the right one.

The European elk is an artiodactyl mammal and is a valuable commercial animal. These animals are valued in the leather industry and in commercial hunting for meat. In addition, moose are often kept in nature reserves and zoos and often in private fur farms. At the same time, there is practically no material on the anatomy of the European elk, compared with the same representative of the reindeer family – the reindeer. In this regard, the purpose of our study is to study the structural features of the anatomy of the heart of the European moose and to determine its main sources of vascularization. The material for the study was five corpses of European moose aged three to four years, obtained from private farms in the Leningrad region. The study was carried out by morphometry and fine anatomical dissection, as well as the manufacture of corrosive preparations using latex. Morphometric parameters were measured using a vernier caliper of the brand "Vorel 15100" made in Poland, as well as a ruler with a length of 25 cm. Processing of the obtained results was carried out in the "Excel" program. According to the results of the study, it was found that the heart of the European moose has a leftventricular type of blood supply, and the area of the subsinuous sulcus in the individuals studied by us is occupied by branches of the left coronary artery. Also, during the study, the main anatomical, topographic and morphometric features of the structure of the external and internal structures of the heart of the European moose were determined.

The study of the heart, as well as its blood supply, is of particular scientific interest in the field of veterinary and human morphology due to the widespread use of pigs as experimental animals in transplantology. Knowledge of the breed and age anatomical, topographic and morphometric characteristics of the coronary arteries of the heart will allow us to use the data obtained by us not only for experimental and scientific purposes, but also in veterinary practice for the prevention and treatment of pathologies of the cardiovascular system of pigs. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of our study is to study the anatomical, topographic and morphometric characteristics of the right coronary artery of the heart of newborn piglets of the Yorkshire breed at the age of one to three days.The material for the study was the corpses of newborn piglets aged one to three days, who fell after internal non-different diseases of unknown etiology. The cadaveric material was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy from private farms in the Leningrad Region. In total, ten corpses of newborn pigs of the Yorkshire breed were examined. The methods for the study were: fine anatomical preparation, morphometry using an Elitech electronic caliper with a division value of 0.02 mm, made in the USA and the manufacture of a corrosive preparation based on latex milk with subsequent processing sodium hydroxide. The processing of the obtained morphometric data was carried out in the Excel program.According to the results of the study, it was found that in newborn piglets of the Yorkshire breed at the age of one to three days, the right coronary artery has such main branches as the right diagonal and right subsinus arteries. The right coronary artery in the studied animals is involved in the blood supply to the wall and cavity of the right ventricle, the wall and cavity of the right atrium with its heart auricle, the interventricular septum, and also the right anterior surface of the wall of the left ventricle. It has been determined that the heart of newborn piglets of the Yorkshire breed has a uniform type of blood supply to the heart with a slight dominance of the right coronary artery over the left.

The nervous system is one of the leading integrating systems of the body. In combination with the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, it unites the body into a single whole. The nervous system controls the level of adaptive reactions of a living organism to changing environmental conditions. The Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) is a typical representative of the order bats. The purpose of our study is to study the macromorphology of individual anatomical structures of the brain of the Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). The material for the study was four different-sex animals of the Nile bat species (Rousettus aegyptiacus) aged 10-14 years, obtained from private veterinary clinics. The methods for studying the brain of the Nile bat were: fine anatomical dissection, morphometry, photographing, weighing. The work was performed on the basis of the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. As a result of the study, it was found that due to the strong development and large size of the auditory posterior tubercles of the quadrilateral, it is possible to judge the predominance of the auditory analyzer, while the anterior tubercles of the quadrilateral have a relatively small size, most of the structures of the visual analyzer are contained in the neocortex. It was found that there is no division of the cerebellar fragment into anatomical structures in the brain, and the size of the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum in this species is on average 1.30x1.10±0.15x0.10 mm. The absence of pronounced lobes and furrows was revealed, and the Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) belongs to lysencephalic animals. The obtained materials can be used as a reference material for continuing research on the brain of the Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), as well as in comparative morphology and physiology of humans and animals.

The heart of a domestic bull, like that of other ruminants, according to domestic and foreign authors, has a leftcoronary type of blood supply, which is caused by the dominance of the left coronary artery over the right one in relation to the area vascularized by them and the cross-sectional diameter. In a two-month-old Black-and-White calf, only the right coronary artery took part in the blood supply to the heart, while the left coronary artery was completely absent. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to study the features of the vascularization of the left ventricle of the heart of a Blackand-White breed calf with a right-sided type of blood supply. The corpse of a black-and-white calf at the age of two months served as a material for the study. The methods for the study were fine anatomical preparation and making casts of heart vessels using latex. According to the results of the study, it was found that despite the absence of the left coronary artery, the right coronary artery in a two-month-old Black-and-White calf in several areas of the heart has a very similar branching variability. In this regard, we can assume a sufficient level of compensation for the blood supply to the left ventricle of the heart in this calf. It was determined that the main branches of the right coronary artery, which vascularize the left ventricle, in the studied calf in their topography have frequent S-shaped bends and loose type of division, which can increase the risk of coronary heart pathologies. The data obtained confirm the high degree of variability of coronary arteries in animals, regardless of their species and breed. The results of the study can be used by veterinary specialists as a variant of the anatomical development of the coronary arteries of the heart in farm animals and their possible variability.