Aim: This paper explores the relationship between obesity and oral diseases. Early detection and prevention of risk factors are essential for indispensable for promoting long-term health and elevating the quality of life in affected patients. Materials and methods: A search of PubMed and Google Scholar on November 10, 2024, retrieving 48 articles from 2016-2024. After screening criteria, 45 articles were included. All authors verified the final content. Conclusions: Evidence suggests a notable association between obesity and oral health issues, including periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and other gum diseases. Certain research point to the possibility that patients who undergo bariatric surgery could also experience worsening dental health. Inadequate oral hygiene and excessive sugar consumption, along with obesity, contribute to the worsening of dental problems in both children and adults. Further studies are required to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association, which remains insufficiently explained in literature.

Among the myriad challenges confronting contemporary medicine, the obesity epidemic stands out as one of the most critical, warranting special attention due to its association with numerous severe comorbidities and its significant consumption of both human lives and financial resource. This review presents recent clinical trials addressing the issue of the effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in the management of overweight and obesity in non-diabetic patients and identifies areas requiring further investigation. GLP-1 RAs, initially used in the treatment of type II diabetes, represent some of the most promising pharmacotherapeutic agents for obesity. Their mechanism of action involves lowering glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, and delaying gastric emptying. They also affect the centres of hunger and satiety, contributing to a reduction in food intake, including food cravings. In clinical studies, GLP-1 RAs have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing body weight in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients with fairly good tolerance. The discussion is grounded in three clinical studies that examine the use of liraglutide and semaglutide, and the development of a novel GLP-1 RA, ecnoglutide. The use of semaglutide and liraglutide is associated with significant weight reduction and a decrease in cardiovascular risk in non-diabetic patients, while ecnoglutide represents a promising new GLP-1 RA that requires further investigation.

Introduction: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a significant medical condition characterized by an inability to control alcohol use despite adverse consequences, ranging from occasional excessive drinking to daily dependency. Treatment for AUD involves a combination of pharmacological and behavioral approaches. Common medications include Disulfiram, Naltrexone, and Acamprosate, with newer therapies like gabapentin providing additional options. This review aims to systematically evaluate and synthesize available research concerning the use of gabapentin in the treatment of AUD. Methods: This review was created based on 4 articles found in PubMed and Pubmed database based on keywords: "alcohol use disorder", "gabapentine in alcohol use disorder" and "gabapentine". State of knowledge: Gabapentin was originally developed for its anticonvulsant properties and tts primary use was to treat epilepsy by reducing the frequency of seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy. Gabapentin’s effectiveness in treating Alcohol Use Disorder is founded on its ability to modulate neuronal excitability. Recent RCTs have demonstrated the efficacy of gabapentin in alcohol use disorder, especially for patients with a history of significant alcohol withdrawal symptoms, though the extended-release formulation of gabapentin proved ineffective. Conculsions: The overall findings suggest gabapentin holds promise as a treatment for AUD, particularly in individuals with significant withdrawal symptoms, but additional studies are required to fully establish its efficacy and optimal use.

Introduction and Purpose: Sleep is a biological process essential for immune function, brain development, memory consolidation and emotional regulation. Sleep restriction affects metabolic processes, hormone regulation and coagulation processes and is implicated in various diseases, including for example type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke and heart disease. The purpose of our study is to examine the impact of sleep quality on obesity and related diseases. We aim to understand how improving sleep habits can reduce the risk of obesity and its related health issues. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Sleep deprivation disrupts hormonal regulation, reducing leptin and increasing ghrelin, leading to overeating and weight gain. Circadian rhythm disturbances also promote insulin resistance and fat storage. Obesity further impairs sleep quality, increasing the risk of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension. In pediatric populations, inadequate sleep is associated with higher BMI and an elevated risk of obesity. Summary: Insufficient sleep alters hormonal regulation, promoting overeating and increasing obesity risk, which exacerbates metabolic dysfunction. Addressing sleep disorders and promoting healthy sleep and diet are essential for prevention.